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+.TH PYTHON "1" "$Date: 2005-03-20 09:16:03 -0500 (Sun, 20 Mar 2005) $"
+
+./" To view this file while editing, run it through groff:
+./"   groff -Tascii -man python.man | less
+
+.SH NAME
+python \- an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B python
+[
+.B \-d
+]
+[
+.B \-E
+]
+[
+.B \-h
+]
+[
+.B \-i
+]
+[
+.B \-m 
+.I module-name
+]
+[
+.B \-O
+]
+.br
+       [
+.B -Q
+.I argument
+]
+[
+.B \-S
+]
+[
+.B \-t
+]
+[
+.B \-u
+]
+.br
+       [
+.B \-v
+]
+[
+.B \-V
+]
+[
+.B \-W
+.I argument
+]
+[
+.B \-x
+]
+.br
+       [
+.B \-c
+.I command
+|
+.I script
+|
+\-
+]
+[
+.I arguments
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming
+language that combines remarkable power with very clear syntax.
+For an introduction to programming in Python you are referred to the
+Python Tutorial.
+The Python Library Reference documents built-in and standard types,
+constants, functions and modules.
+Finally, the Python Reference Manual describes the syntax and
+semantics of the core language in (perhaps too) much detail.
+(These documents may be located via the
+.B "INTERNET RESOURCES"
+below; they may be installed on your system as well.)
+.PP
+Python's basic power can be extended with your own modules written in
+C or C++.
+On most systems such modules may be dynamically loaded.
+Python is also adaptable as an extension language for existing
+applications.
+See the internal documentation for hints.
+.PP
+Documentation for installed Python modules and packages can be 
+viewed by running the 
+.B pydoc
+program.  
+.SH COMMAND LINE OPTIONS
+.TP
+.BI "\-c " command
+Specify the command to execute (see next section).
+This terminates the option list (following options are passed as
+arguments to the command).
+.TP
+.B \-d
+Turn on parser debugging output (for wizards only, depending on
+compilation options).
+.TP
+.B \-E
+Ignore environment variables like PYTHONPATH and PYTHONHOME that modify
+the behavior of the interpreter.
+.TP
+.B \-h
+Prints the usage for the interpreter executable and exits.
+.TP
+.B \-i
+When a script is passed as first argument or the \fB\-c\fP option is
+used, enter interactive mode after executing the script or the
+command.  It does not read the $PYTHONSTARTUP file.  This can be
+useful to inspect global variables or a stack trace when a script
+raises an exception.
+.TP
+.BI "\-m " module-name
+Searches 
+.I sys.path 
+for the named module and runs the corresponding 
+.I .py 
+file as a script.
+.TP
+.B \-O
+Turn on basic optimizations.  This changes the filename extension for
+compiled (bytecode) files from
+.I .pyc
+to \fI.pyo\fP.  Given twice, causes docstrings to be discarded.
+.TP
+.BI "\-Q " argument
+Division control; see PEP 238.  The argument must be one of "old" (the
+default, int/int and long/long return an int or long), "new" (new
+division semantics, i.e. int/int and long/long returns a float),
+"warn" (old division semantics with a warning for int/int and
+long/long), or "warnall" (old division semantics with a warning for
+all use of the division operator).  For a use of "warnall", see the
+Tools/scripts/fixdiv.py script.
+.TP
+.B \-S
+Disable the import of the module
+.I site
+and the site-dependent manipulations of
+.I sys.path
+that it entails.
+.TP
+.B \-t
+Issue a warning when a source file mixes tabs and spaces for
+indentation in a way that makes it depend on the worth of a tab
+expressed in spaces.  Issue an error when the option is given twice.
+.TP
+.B \-u
+Force stdin, stdout and stderr to be totally unbuffered.  On systems
+where it matters, also put stdin, stdout and stderr in binary mode.
+Note that there is internal buffering in xreadlines(), readlines() and
+file-object iterators ("for line in sys.stdin") which is not
+influenced by this option.  To work around this, you will want to use
+"sys.stdin.readline()" inside a "while 1:" loop.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+Print a message each time a module is initialized, showing the place
+(filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded.  When given
+twice, print a message for each file that is checked for when 
+searching for a module.  Also provides information on module cleanup
+at exit.
+.TP
+.B \-V
+Prints the Python version number of the executable and exits.
+.TP
+.BI "\-W " argument
+Warning control.  Python sometimes prints warning message to
+.IR sys.stderr .
+A typical warning message has the following form:
+.IB file ":" line ": " category ": " message.
+By default, each warning is printed once for each source line where it
+occurs.  This option controls how often warnings are printed.
+Multiple
+.B \-W
+options may be given; when a warning matches more than one
+option, the action for the last matching option is performed.
+Invalid
+.B \-W
+options are ignored (a warning message is printed about invalid
+options when the first warning is issued).  Warnings can also be
+controlled from within a Python program using the
+.I warnings
+module.
+
+The simplest form of
+.I argument
+is one of the following
+.I action
+strings (or a unique abbreviation):
+.B ignore
+to ignore all warnings;
+.B default
+to explicitly request the default behavior (printing each warning once
+per source line);
+.B all
+to print a warning each time it occurs (this may generate many
+messages if a warning is triggered repeatedly for the same source
+line, such as inside a loop);
+.B module
+to print each warning only only the first time it occurs in each
+module;
+.B once
+to print each warning only the first time it occurs in the program; or
+.B error
+to raise an exception instead of printing a warning message.
+
+The full form of
+.I argument
+is
+.IB action : message : category : module : line.
+Here,
+.I action
+is as explained above but only applies to messages that match the
+remaining fields.  Empty fields match all values; trailing empty
+fields may be omitted.  The
+.I message
+field matches the start of the warning message printed; this match is
+case-insensitive.  The
+.I category
+field matches the warning category.  This must be a class name; the
+match test whether the actual warning category of the message is a
+subclass of the specified warning category.  The full class name must
+be given.  The
+.I module
+field matches the (fully-qualified) module name; this match is
+case-sensitive.  The
+.I line
+field matches the line number, where zero matches all line numbers and
+is thus equivalent to an omitted line number.
+.TP
+.B \-x
+Skip the first line of the source.  This is intended for a DOS
+specific hack only.  Warning: the line numbers in error messages will
+be off by one!
+.SH INTERPRETER INTERFACE
+The interpreter interface resembles that of the UNIX shell: when
+called with standard input connected to a tty device, it prompts for
+commands and executes them until an EOF is read; when called with a
+file name argument or with a file as standard input, it reads and
+executes a
+.I script
+from that file;
+when called with
+.B \-c
+.I command,
+it executes the Python statement(s) given as
+.I command.
+Here
+.I command
+may contain multiple statements separated by newlines.
+Leading whitespace is significant in Python statements!
+In non-interactive mode, the entire input is parsed before it is
+executed.
+.PP
+If available, the script name and additional arguments thereafter are
+passed to the script in the Python variable
+.I sys.argv ,
+which is a list of strings (you must first
+.I import sys
+to be able to access it).
+If no script name is given,
+.I sys.argv[0]
+is an empty string; if
+.B \-c
+is used,
+.I sys.argv[0]
+contains the string
+.I '-c'.
+Note that options interpreted by the Python interpreter itself
+are not placed in
+.I sys.argv.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, the primary prompt is `>>>'; the second prompt
+(which appears when a command is not complete) is `...'.
+The prompts can be changed by assignment to
+.I sys.ps1
+or
+.I sys.ps2.
+The interpreter quits when it reads an EOF at a prompt.
+When an unhandled exception occurs, a stack trace is printed and
+control returns to the primary prompt; in non-interactive mode, the
+interpreter exits after printing the stack trace.
+The interrupt signal raises the
+.I Keyboard\%Interrupt
+exception; other UNIX signals are not caught (except that SIGPIPE is
+sometimes ignored, in favor of the
+.I IOError
+exception).  Error messages are written to stderr.
+.SH FILES AND DIRECTORIES
+These are subject to difference depending on local installation
+conventions; ${prefix} and ${exec_prefix} are installation-dependent
+and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they may be the same.
+The default for both is \fI/usr/local\fP.
+.IP \fI${exec_prefix}/bin/python\fP
+Recommended location of the interpreter.
+.PP
+.I ${prefix}/lib/python<version>
+.br
+.I ${exec_prefix}/lib/python<version>
+.RS
+Recommended locations of the directories containing the standard
+modules.
+.RE
+.PP
+.I ${prefix}/include/python<version>
+.br
+.I ${exec_prefix}/include/python<version>
+.RS
+Recommended locations of the directories containing the include files
+needed for developing Python extensions and embedding the
+interpreter.
+.RE
+.IP \fI~/.pythonrc.py\fP
+User-specific initialization file loaded by the \fIuser\fP module;
+not used by default or by most applications.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.IP PYTHONHOME
+Change the location of the standard Python libraries.  By default, the
+libraries are searched in ${prefix}/lib/python<version> and
+${exec_prefix}/lib/python<version>, where ${prefix} and ${exec_prefix}
+are installation-dependent directories, both defaulting to
+\fI/usr/local\fP.  When $PYTHONHOME is set to a single directory, its value
+replaces both ${prefix} and ${exec_prefix}.  To specify different values
+for these, set $PYTHONHOME to ${prefix}:${exec_prefix}.
+.IP PYTHONPATH
+Augments the default search path for module files.
+The format is the same as the shell's $PATH: one or more directory
+pathnames separated by colons.
+Non-existent directories are silently ignored.
+The default search path is installation dependent, but generally
+begins with ${prefix}/lib/python<version> (see PYTHONHOME above).
+The default search path is always appended to $PYTHONPATH.
+If a script argument is given, the directory containing the script is
+inserted in the path in front of $PYTHONPATH.
+The search path can be manipulated from within a Python program as the
+variable
+.I sys.path .
+.IP PYTHONSTARTUP
+If this is the name of a readable file, the Python commands in that
+file are executed before the first prompt is displayed in interactive
+mode.
+The file is executed in the same name space where interactive commands
+are executed so that objects defined or imported in it can be used
+without qualification in the interactive session.
+You can also change the prompts
+.I sys.ps1
+and
+.I sys.ps2
+in this file.
+.IP PYTHONY2K
+Set this to a non-empty string to cause the \fItime\fP module to
+require dates specified as strings to include 4-digit years, otherwise
+2-digit years are converted based on rules described in the \fItime\fP
+module documentation.
+.IP PYTHONOPTIMIZE
+If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
+the \fB\-O\fP option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to
+specifying \fB\-O\fP multiple times.
+.IP PYTHONDEBUG
+If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
+the \fB\-d\fP option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to
+specifying \fB\-d\fP multiple times.
+.IP PYTHONINSPECT
+If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
+the \fB\-i\fP option.
+.IP PYTHONUNBUFFERED
+If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
+the \fB\-u\fP option.
+.IP PYTHONVERBOSE
+If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
+the \fB\-v\fP option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to
+specifying \fB\-v\fP multiple times. 
+.SH AUTHOR
+The Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf
+.SH INTERNET RESOURCES
+Main website:  http://www.python.org/
+.br
+Documentation:  http://docs.python.org/
+.br
+Community website:  http://starship.python.net/
+.br
+Developer resources:  http://www.python.org/dev/
+.br
+FTP:  ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/
+.br
+Module repository:  http://www.vex.net/parnassus/
+.br
+Newsgroups:  comp.lang.python, comp.lang.python.announce
+.SH LICENSING
+Python is distributed under an Open Source license.  See the file
+"LICENSE" in the Python source distribution for information on terms &
+conditions for accessing and otherwise using Python and for a
+DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.