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\i\f5\fs20\lang2057 Author: Clive Whitear

\par Date: December 21{\super st} 1998

\par Version: ER5 release

\par \pard\plain \s1\sb360\sa240\keepn\widctlpar \b\f5\fs32\lang2057\kerning28 Calc{\revised\revauth1\revdttm1178913775 

\par }\pard\plain \s38\sb360\sa240\keepn\widctlpar \b\f5\fs32\cf9\lang2057\kerning28 {\revised\revauth1\revdttm1178913804 0x100056B3}

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Calc: Quick start

\par \pard\plain \s21\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\ul\cf13\lang1024 {\deleted\revauth1\revdttm1178913804 calc.quick-start}

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 calculator adding machine

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 Calc is the EPOC machine\rquote s calculator program. It has two views: a desktop calculator, Desk, and a scientific calculator, Sci.

\par The first time Calc is used the xxx view opens. To switch between the views:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 Tap {\cs33\b Desk} or {\cs33\b Sci} on the {\cs33\b Toolbar}, or use {

\cs33\b Desk} or {\cs33\b Scientific} from the {\cs33\b Switch view} cascade on the {\cs33\b View} menu.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f20\fs20\lang2057 ?\tab}\pard\plain \s15\fi-283\li283\sa120\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf20\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb ?}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

The calculators are separate, so calculations carried out in one view do not appear in the other.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 To perform a calculation:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

Press the number and operator buttons to enter the calculation. Tap the = button or press Enter to get the result.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 In the Desk view, use the up and down keys to browse the "till roll" to view previous calculations.

\par In the Scientific view, there are two types of function:

\par Prefix functions: these include all functions using sin, cos or tan, roots, e{\super x}, 10{\super x}, ln and log. For these, press the function button BEFORE entering the value to which the function refers.

\par Postfix functions: these include reciprocals, squares, cubes and x{\super y}. For these, press the function button AFTER entering the value to which the function refers.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Calculations in Desk view (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR clear operators till roll flip screen layout esc

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 The Desk view is a desktop-style calculator with a single memory. Use it for ordinary calculations, and those involving percentages.

\par To perform a calculation in Desk:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 Enter the calculation, then tap =.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 Use the +, -, \'d7 and \'f7 operators.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f20\fs20\lang2057 ?\tab}\pard\plain \s15\fi-283\li283\sa120\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf20\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb ?}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

There is no "operator precedence" in Desk view. Calculations are solved as you enter them. So, 10 + 5 \'d7 3 = 45 (not 25).

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 To clear the display and end the current calculation, tap {\cs33\b AC} or press Esc.

\par To remove a number from the display without losing the rest of the current calculation: press C.

\par To delete the furthest right digit on the calculation line, press Del.

\par To change the sign of a number: tap the +/- button.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f20\fs20\lang2057 ?\tab}\pard\plain \s15\fi-283\li283\sa120\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf20\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb ?}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 Tap {\cs33\b Shortcuts} on the {\cs33\b Toolbar}

 to display the keyboard equivalents of on-screen buttons.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 {\cs33\b The "till roll":

\par }Desk prints results on a "till roll", displayed to one side of the keypad.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

Use the scroll bar, the up and down arrow keys or the arrow keys combined with the Fn key to browse the till roll.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}To clear the till roll use Clear till roll on the {\cs33\b Tools} menu.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}Tap Flip layout on the {\cs33\b Toolbar}, or use {\cs33\b Flip screen layout} on the {\cs33\b View} menu, to swap the till roll to the other side of the screen.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f20\fs20\lang2057 ?\tab}\pard\plain \s15\fi-283\li283\sa120\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf20\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb ?}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

'E' appears in the calculator display when there has been an error entering the calculation.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Memory in desk view (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR memories memory save in mr recall add to subtract from Min MR+ M-

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 The Desk view has a single memory. If you need more, use the Scientific view; which has 26.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 To store a number, tap {\cs33\b Min} or select {\cs33\b Save in} from the {

\cs33\b Memory }cascade on the {\cs33\b Tools} menu while the value is on the calculation line. An '{\cs33\b M}' will be displayed.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}To retrieve a number, tap {\cs33\b MR} or select {\cs33\b Recall} from the {\cs33\b Memory} cascade on the {\cs33\b Tools} menu.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}To add the current number to the stored number, tap {\cs33\b M+} or choose {\cs33\b Add to} from the {\cs33\b Memory }cascade on the {\cs33\b Tools} menu.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}To subtract the current number from the stored number, tap {\cs33\b M-} or choose {\cs33\b Subtract} from from the {\cs33\b Memory} cascade on the {\cs33\b Tools} menu.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}To clear the memory, select {\cs33\b Clear} from the {\cs33\b Memory} cascade on the {\cs33\b Tools} menu, or tap {\cs33\b Min} while 0 is on the calculation line.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Memories in Sci view (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR storing recall remember assign to show all clear all memory Mem

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 The 26 memories in Scientific view are named A through to Z. You can assign a number to each of these names, and then incorporate the names into calculations.

\par \pard \fi-357\li357\sa120\widctlpar To assign a number to a memory:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f5\fs20\lang2057 1.\tab}\pard\plain \s18\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxta .}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

Enter the number. If the number you want to store is currently displayed as a result, go on to the next step.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f5\fs20\lang2057 2.\tab}Tap the {\cs33\b ->} button, or select {\cs33\b Assign to} from the {\cs33\b Memories }cascade from the {\cs33\b Tools} menu and type the memory letter (upper case).

\par \pard\plain \s17\li284\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 Alternatively, tap {\cs33\b Mem}, choose the memory you want to use and press {\cs33\b Assign to}.

\par Press -> again to assign the same number to more than one memory. When you have finished specifying the memories you want the number to be stored in, tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

If you try to assign a calculation to a memory before pressing Enter to get the result, the scientific calculator will store the RESULT of that expression.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}To display a list of memories, tap {\cs33\b Mem}, or use {\cs33\b Show all} from the {\cs33\b Memories} cascade on the {\cs33\b Tools} menu.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}To use a stored number in a calculation, type the capital letter corresponding to the memory (this will normally require you to hold down Shift whilst pressing the appropriate key). Alternatively, tap {

\cs33\b Mem} to display the list of memories, highlight the memory you want, and tap {\cs33\b Select}.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}To clear a memory, assign it a value of zero, e.g. 0\endash >A.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}To clear all memories, select {\cs33\b Clear all} from the {\cs33\b Memories} cascade on the {\cs33\b Tools} menu.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Operator precedence (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR priority parenthesis parentheses

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 Operator precedence is the order in which calculators solve expressions. This order affects the result of calculations. The two views have different rules for precedence:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

There is no operator precedence in the Desk view; calculations are solved as they are entered. So, 10 + 5 \'d7 3 = 45 (not 25).

\par \pard\plain \fi-357\li357\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 The Scientific view solves expressions in the following order:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f5\fs20\lang2057 1.\tab}\pard\plain \s18\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxta .}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 Information in brackets.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f5\fs20\lang2057 2.\tab}Functions which come after the value they refer to, e.g. 'x!'. These are called "postfix" functions.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f5\fs20\lang2057 3.\tab}Powers (e.g. squares and cubes).

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f5\fs20\lang2057 4.\tab}Implicit multiplication before a memory value, e.g. 30A.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f5\fs20\lang2057 5.\tab}Functions which come before the value they refer to, e.g. 'sin'. These are called "prefix" functions.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f5\fs20\lang2057 6.\tab}Implicit multiplication before prefix functions, such as 5sin, or before brackets, as in 3(10+5).

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f5\fs20\lang2057 7.\tab}Multiplication and division equal, solved left to right.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f5\fs20\lang2057 8.\tab}Addition and subtraction equal, solved left to right.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Percentage calculations (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR percentages %age

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 Use the % button in the Desk view to calculate percentages.

\par E.g., to calculate 30% of 80:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 Enter 80 \'d7 30, then tap %.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 The % button can be used in a number of other ways:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 To increase 80 by 30%, enter 80 + 30, then tap %.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}To decrease 80 by 30%, enter 80 - 30, tap %.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}To calculate what % 80 is of 400, enter 80 \'f7 400, then tap %.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}To find the number that 80 is 25% of, enter 80 \'f7 25, then tap %.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Keypresses (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR keyboard

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 The default keypresses are:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 Tap {\cs33\b Shortcuts} on the {\cs33\b Toolbar}

 to see a list of shortcut keypresses.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}Use the up and down arrow keys to scroll the till roll in the Desk view or to move through the last 10 calculations in the Scientific view.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}Use the M key to change the sign of a number.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Scientific view (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR esc

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 The Scientific view is a powerful scientific calculator with 26 memories for storing values. Use this view for calculations involving trigonometry, logarithms etc.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

To perform a calculation, enter the expression and tap = or press Enter to display the result.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 In the Scientific view, there are two types of function:

\par Prefix functions: these include all functions using sin, cos or tan, roots, e{\super x}, 10{\super x}, ln and log. For these, press the function button BEFORE entering the value to which the function refers.

\par Postfix functions: these include reciprocals, squares, cubes and x{\super y}. For these, press the function button AFTER entering the value to which the function refers.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 To clear the calculator display, tap {\cs33\b AC} or press Esc.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}To remove the item to the left of the cursor, press Del.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f20\fs20\lang2057 ?\tab}\pard\plain \s15\fi-283\li283\sa120\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf20\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb ?}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 Tap {\cs33\b Shortcuts} on the {\cs33\b Toolbar} to display th

e keyboard equivalents of on-screen buttons.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Scientific buttons (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR keys

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 The scientific keypad buttons perform the following actions:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 {\cs33\b inv}

 inverts the next scientific operation, so a square becomes a square root etc.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs33\b ( )} brackets for separating and assigning precedence to parts of expressions.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs33\b Ans} inserts the last answer at the cursor.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs33\b hyp} sets the hyperbolic function for sin, cosine and tangent.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs33\b sin}, {\cs33\b cos}, {\cs33\b tan} calculate the sine, cosine or tangent of a number.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs33\b x!} calculates the factorial of a number.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs34\scaps\f25\cf13 archive=Calc name=squareroot} calculates the square root of a number.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs34\scaps\f25\cf13 archive=Calc name=squareroot}{\super 3} calculates the cube root of a number.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs34\scaps\f25\cf13 archive=Calc name=squareroot}{\super X} calculates the xth root of a number.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs33\b ex} calculates e raised to the power of a given number.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs33\b 10x} calculates 10 raised to the power of a given number.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs33\b ->} assigns a value to memory.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs33\b Mem} displays all memories.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs33\b ln} calculates the natural log (base e) of a number.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs33\b log} calculates the log (base 10) or a number.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs34\scaps\f25\cf13 archive=Calc name=pisymbol} inserts the pi symbol at the cursor.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs33\b exp} inserts an exponent.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Previous calculations (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR answers results incorporate edit previous edit next

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 In the Desk view previous calculations are shown on the till roll. Look over these using the scroll bar or arrow keys.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 To clear the till roll, select {\cs33\b Clear till roll} on the {\cs33\b 

Tools} menu.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 In the Scientific view:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 Use the up and down arrow keys, or {\cs33\b Edit previous} and {\cs33\b 

Edit next} on the {\cs33\b Edit} menu, to move backwards and forwards through the last 10 calculations. To repeat any of these calculations press = while it is on the calculation line.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f20\fs20\lang2057 ?\tab}\pard\plain \s15\fi-283\li283\sa120\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf20\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb ?}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

When re-using expressions containing 'Ans', the value inserted for 'Ans' will be the most recent answer calculated. This means using an old expression again may not give the original result.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Re-using results & calculations (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR incorporate edit previous edit next

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 To edit and re-use previous calculations in the Scientific view, use the up and down keys, or {\cs33\b Edit previous} and {\cs33\b Edit next} on the {\cs33\b Edit}

 menu, to move backwards and forwards through the list of previous expressions. These are displayed one by one on the calculation line. When the required calculation is displayed, remove or change any part of it and proceed as normal.

\par To start a new expression with the answer to the last calculation, enter the rest of the calculation as though the answer was already written at the start. The calculator prefixes the expression with 'Ans'.

\par To insert the last answer anywhere in an expression, with the cursor at the appropriate point, tap {\cs33\b Ans}.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Trigonometric functions (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR arctangent arccosine trigs asine acosine atangent arcsine

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 The trigonometric functions in the Scientific view include:

\par \tab Sin \tab aSin

\par \tab Cos\tab aCos

\par \tab Tan\tab aTan

\par To calculate the trigometric sine, cosine or tangent of a number, tap {\cs33\b sin}, {\cs33\b cos} or {\cs33\b tan}, enter the value and tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par To calculate the inverse trigonometric sine (arcSine), arcCosine or arcTangent of a value, tap {\cs33\b inv} once to depress it. Tap {\cs33\b sin}, {\cs33\b cos} or {\cs33\b tan}, enter the value and tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f20\fs20\lang2057 ?\tab}\pard\plain \s15\fi-283\li283\sa120\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf20\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb ?}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

Results of trigonometric calculations vary according to the angle format selected. To choose between degrees, radians and gradients, use {\cs33\b Formats} on the {\cs33\b Tools} menu.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Hyperbolic functions

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR hyps arctanh arccosh arcsinh

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 The hyperbolic functions in the Scientific view include:

\par \tab Sinh\tab aSinh

\par \tab Cosh\tab aCosh

\par \tab Tanh\tab aTanh

\par To calculate the hyperbolic sine, cosine or tangent of a value, tap {\cs33\b hyp} once to depress it. Tap {\cs33\b sin}, {\cs33\b cos} or {\cs33\b tan}, enter the value and tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par To calculate the inverse hyperbolic sine (hyperbolic arcSine), arcCosine or arcTangent of a value, tap {\cs33\b hyp} and {\cs33\b inv} once each to depress them, then tap {\cs33\b sin}, {\cs33\b cos} or {\cs33\b tan}. Enter the value and tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Logarithms (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR natural logs etothex e to the x common logs logarithmic ln

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 To calculate a common logarithm (base 10) in the Scientific view:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 Tap {\cs33\b log}, enter the value you want to find the log of and tap {

\cs33\b =}.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 To calculate a natural logarithm (base e), tap {\cs33\b ln}, enter the value you want to find the natural log of and tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par To calculate e to the power of a given value, tap the {\cs33\b ex} button, enter the value you want to find e to the power of and tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Angle formats (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR degrees radians gradients formats

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 The Scientific view displays angles in degrees, radians or gradients. An abbreviation: DEG, RAD or GRAD, appears in the calculator display.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f20\fs20\lang2057 ?\tab}\pard\plain \s15\fi-283\li283\sa120\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf20\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb ?}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 The angle units chosen affect the outcome of trigonometric calculations.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 The relationships between the three types of unit are: 360 degrees = 400 gradients = 2\'d7Pi radians.

\par To change the current angle units, tap on the abbreviation in the display, or use {\cs33\b Formats} on the {\cs33\b Tools} menu.

\par To convert results displayed in one format to another format tap on the format abbreviation or use {\cs33\b Formats} on the {\cs33\b Tools} menu while the result is displayed.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Number formats (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR normal fixed scientific formats

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 The Scientific view can display numbers in three formats: Normal, Fixed and Scientific.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 {\cs33\b Normal}: suitable for most calculations. Numbers are present

ed in standard notation, with decimal places and exponents if they are required.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs33\b Fixed}: numbers are always displayed with a specified number of digits after the decimal point.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}{\cs33\b Scientific}: useful for very large or small numbers. Numbers are displayed as a single digit to the left of the decimal point, a specified number of significant figures, and then an exponent.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 To change the number format, select {\cs33\b Formats} on the {\cs33\b Tools}

 menu and choose the format you want. If you choose Fixed or Scientific, set the number of decimal places or significant figures in the box below.

\par To convert an answer to a different format, change the number format while the result is in the display.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Squares, cubes & powers (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR power second third second third fourth fifth biquadratic 10x x2 x3 x^y

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 Use the Scientific view for calculating squares and cubes.

\par To calculate a square, enter the number you want to square, then tap the {\cs33\b x2} button and tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f20\fs20\lang2057 F\tab}\pard\plain \s29\fi-283\li283\sa120\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf20\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb F}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 When squaring a negative number, put it in brackets.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 To calculate a cube, enter the number you want to cube, then tap the {\cs33\b x3} button and tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par To raise a number to a given power, enter the number you want to raise and tap the {\cs33\b x^y} button. Enter the power to which you want your value to be raised, e.g. 12x^y4 raises 12 to the 4th power, and tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par You can raise ten to a given power to save you entering long numbers. This is sometimes known as the common antilogarithm.

\par To raise ten to a given power, tap the {\cs33\b 10x} button, enter the power you want to raise 10 to, and tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Reciprocals (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR one over x x-1

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 To calculate the reciprocal of a number in the Scientific view:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 Enter the value you want to find the reciprocal of, tap the {\cs33\b x-1}

 button, and tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Square & other roots (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR square root cube root

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 To calculate the square root of a number in the Scientific view, tap the square root button {\cs34\scaps\f25\cf13 archive=Calc name=squareroot}

, enter the number of which you want to find the square root and tap =.

\par To calculate a cube root, tap the cube root button {\cs34\scaps\f25\cf13 archive=Calc name=squareroot}{\super 3}, enter the number of which you want to find the cube root and tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par To calculate the xth root of a number, enter the number corresponding to x, the root you want to find. E.g. 4 for the 4th root, 5 for the 5th root and so on. Tap the xth root button {\cs34\scaps\f25\cf13 archive=Calc name=squareroot}{\super X}

 and enter the number you want to find the x root of. Tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Factorials (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR x!

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 To calculate the factorial of a number in the Scientific view, enter the number of which you want to find the factorial, tap the {\cs33\b x!} button, then tap {\cs33\b =}.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

A factorial is the result of multiplying all the whole numbers from a given starting number down to one. So, the factorial of 4 (written as 4!) is

\par \pard\plain \s17\li284\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 4 \'d7 3 \'d7 2 \'d7 1 = 24

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 Factorials are useful for calculating how many different ways things can be arranged. For example, if you know the four digits of a security code, but cannot remember their orde

r, you now know that there are 24 different combinations to try.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f20\fs20\lang2057 ?\tab}\pard\plain \s15\fi-283\li283\sa120\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf20\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb ?}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

Factorials are the product of all POSITIVE integers from a number down to one, so you cannot calculate the factorial of a negative number or of a fraction. The factorial of zero is 1.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Exponents (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 Use the exponents function in the Scientific view to express long numbers more concisely.

\par Exponents are of the form:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

A value between 1 and ten (the "mantissa"), followed by an E, followed by another value.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 If the second value is 

positive, it indicates the number of places the decimal point of the first value should be moved to the right to get the number as it would be written in standard notation. Use positive exponents for large numbers.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

To enter a positive exponent, enter the first part of the number, normally as a decimal fraction. Tap the {\cs33\b exp} button. An 'E' will be displayed. Enter the number of places the decimal point should be moved to the right.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 If the second value is negative, it indicates the number of places the decimal point should be moved left. Use negative exponents for small numbers.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

To enter a negative exponent, enter the first part of the number, tap exp and then tap the {\cs33\b +/-} button. Enter the number of places the decimal point should be moved to the left.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Maths error message (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR problems errors mistakes

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 A 'Maths error' message indicates a problem with the mathematical logic of an expression.

\par Check, e.g., that you have not:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 Tried to calculate the square root, factorial or log of a negative number.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}Tried to calculate the factorial of a fraction.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}Entered an expression involving division by zero.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 Tap {\cs33\b AC} to clear the message, or press the up arrow key to return to the expression.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Overflow error message (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR problems errors mistakes large numbers

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 An 'Overflow error' message appears when a result:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 Is out of the calculator's range.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}Cannot be displayed in the present number format. If you are using Fixed format, try decreasing the number of decimal places or changing the number format to Normal or Scientific using {\cs33\b Formats}

 on the {\cs33\b Tools} menu.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 Tap {\cs33\b AC} to clear the message, or press the up arrow key to return to the expression.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Syntax error message (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR errors problems parenthesis parentheses mistakes

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 A 'Syntax error' indicates that the calculator cannot understand the expression entered. Check that you have not:

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 Missed an opening or closing bracket.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}Used two operators in a row.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}Included two decimal points in a number.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}Used the subtract operator as a negative sign, or vice versa.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}Put the number before the function in a trigonometric or logarithmic expression.

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 Tap {\cs33\b AC} to clear the message, or press the up key to return to the expression.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Copying & pasting numbers (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR cut paste

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}\pard\plain \s16\fi-284\li284\sa120\widctlpar\tx284{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb \'b7}}\f5\fs20\lang2057 

In the Desk view you can copy whatever is currently on the calculation line using {\cs33\b Copy} on the {\cs33\b Edit} menu.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}In the Scientific view copy the last result calculated using {\cs33\b Copy} on the {\cs33\b Edit} menu.

\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f1\fs20\lang2057 \'b7\tab}Paste numbers from other programs into either view, using {\cs33\b Paste} on the {\cs33\b Edit} menu. You can also copy and paste between the two calculator views.

\par \pard\plain \s2\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \tqr\tx9072 \b\f5\lang2057 Display preferences (Calc)

\par \pard\plain \s23\sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\cf13\lang2057 CALCULATOR show toolbar flip layout lefthanded left handed

\par \pard\plain \sa120\widctlpar \f5\fs20\lang2057 To swap the right side of the calculator screen over to the left, and vice versa, tap {\cs33\b Flip layout} on the {\cs33\b Toolbar}.

\par To hide the Toolbar, deselect {\cs33\b Show toolbar} on the {\cs33\b View} menu. Choose this command again to return the {\cs33\b Toolbar} to the display.

\par 

\par }