tzpcside/tzcompiler/Release/Data/asia
changeset 0 2e3d3ce01487
equal deleted inserted replaced
-1:000000000000 0:2e3d3ce01487
       
     1 # @(#)asia	8.8
       
     2 # <pre>
       
     3 
       
     4 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
       
     5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
       
     6 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
       
     7 
       
     8 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
     9 #
       
    10 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
       
    11 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
       
    12 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
       
    13 #
       
    14 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
       
    15 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
       
    16 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
       
    17 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
       
    18 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
       
    19 #
       
    20 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
       
    21 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
       
    22 #
       
    23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
       
    24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
       
    25 # I found in the UCLA library.
       
    26 #
       
    27 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
       
    28 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
       
    29 #
       
    30 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
       
    31 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
       
    32 # Corrections are welcome!
       
    33 #	     std  dst
       
    34 #	     LMT	Local Mean Time
       
    35 #	2:00 EET  EEST	Eastern European Time
       
    36 #	2:00 IST  IDT	Israel
       
    37 #	3:00 AST  ADT	Arabia*
       
    38 #	3:30 IRST IRDT	Iran
       
    39 #	4:00 GST	Gulf*
       
    40 #	5:30 IST	India
       
    41 #	7:00 ICT	Indochina*
       
    42 #	7:00 WIT	west Indonesia
       
    43 #	8:00 CIT	central Indonesia
       
    44 #	8:00 CST	China
       
    45 #	9:00 CJT	Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
       
    46 #	9:00 EIT	east Indonesia
       
    47 #	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
       
    48 #	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea
       
    49 #	9:30 CST	(Australian) Central Standard Time
       
    50 #
       
    51 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
       
    52 
       
    53 # From Guy Harris:
       
    54 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
       
    55 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
       
    56 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
       
    57 # Worldwide Edition).  The names for time zones are guesses.
       
    58 
       
    59 ###############################################################################
       
    60 
       
    61 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
       
    62 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
    63 Rule	EUAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
       
    64 Rule	EUAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
       
    65 Rule	EUAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
       
    66 Rule E-EurAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
       
    67 Rule E-EurAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
       
    68 Rule E-EurAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
       
    69 Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	 0:00	1:00	S
       
    70 Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1983	-	Oct	1	 0:00	0	-
       
    71 Rule RussiaAsia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
       
    72 Rule RussiaAsia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
       
    73 Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	23:00	1:00	S
       
    74 Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	23:00	0	-
       
    75 Rule RussiaAsia	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
       
    76 Rule RussiaAsia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
       
    77 Rule RussiaAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
       
    78 
       
    79 # Afghanistan
       
    80 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
    81 Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
       
    82 			4:00	-	AFT	1945
       
    83 			4:30	-	AFT
       
    84 
       
    85 # Armenia
       
    86 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
    87 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
       
    88 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
       
    89 # readopting Russian DST in 1997.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
       
    90 # when they disagree with others.  Edgar Der-Danieliantz
       
    91 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
       
    92 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
       
    93 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
       
    94 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
       
    95 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
    96 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
       
    97 			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
       
    98 			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
       
    99 			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
       
   100 			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24 2:00s
       
   101 			4:00	-	AMT	1997
       
   102 			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT
       
   103 
       
   104 # Azerbaijan
       
   105 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
       
   106 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
       
   107 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
       
   108 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   109 Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	S
       
   110 Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
       
   111 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   112 Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
       
   113 			3:00	-	BAKT	1957 Mar    # Baku Time
       
   114 			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
       
   115 			3:00	1:00	BAKST	1991 Aug 30 # independence
       
   116 			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
       
   117 			4:00	-	AZT	1996 # Azerbaijan time
       
   118 			4:00	EUAsia	AZ%sT	1997
       
   119 			4:00	Azer	AZ%sT
       
   120 
       
   121 # Bahrain
       
   122 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   123 Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
       
   124 			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
       
   125 			3:00	-	AST
       
   126 
       
   127 # Bangladesh
       
   128 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   129 Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
       
   130 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
       
   131 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
       
   132 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
       
   133 			6:30	-	BURT	1951 Sep 30
       
   134 			6:00	-	DACT	1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
       
   135 			6:00	-	BDT	# Bangladesh Time
       
   136 
       
   137 # Bhutan
       
   138 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   139 Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
       
   140 			5:30	-	IST	1987 Oct
       
   141 			6:00	-	BTT	# Bhutan Time
       
   142 
       
   143 # British Indian Ocean Territory
       
   144 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
       
   145 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00.  Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
       
   146 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
       
   147 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
       
   148 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
       
   149 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   150 Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
       
   151 			5:00	-	IOT	1996 # BIOT Time
       
   152 			6:00	-	IOT
       
   153 
       
   154 # Brunei
       
   155 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   156 Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar   # Bandar Seri Begawan
       
   157 			7:30	-	BNT	1933
       
   158 			8:00	-	BNT
       
   159 
       
   160 # Burma / Myanmar
       
   161 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   162 Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880		# or Yangon
       
   163 			6:24:36	-	RMT	1920	   # Rangoon Mean Time?
       
   164 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May   # Burma Time
       
   165 			9:00	-	JST	1945 May 3
       
   166 			6:30	-	MMT		   # Myanmar Time
       
   167 
       
   168 # Cambodia
       
   169 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   170 Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
       
   171 			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
       
   172 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
       
   173 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
       
   174 			7:00	-	ICT
       
   175 
       
   176 # China
       
   177 
       
   178 # From Guy Harris:
       
   179 # People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.
       
   180 
       
   181 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
       
   182 # No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
       
   183 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
       
   184 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
       
   185 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
       
   186 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
       
   187 #
       
   188 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
       
   189 # painful to suck in another copy..  So, here is what I have for
       
   190 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
       
   191 #
       
   192 #     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
       
   193 #     1987 mid-April - ??
       
   194 
       
   195 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
       
   196 # CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
       
   197 # CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10
       
   198 
       
   199 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
   200 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
       
   201 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
       
   202 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
       
   203 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
       
   204 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now.  I made up names for the other
       
   205 # pre-1980 time zones.
       
   206 
       
   207 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
       
   208 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   209 Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
       
   210 Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
       
   211 Rule	Shang	1941	only	-	Mar	16	0:00	1:00	D
       
   212 Rule	PRC	1986	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	D
       
   213 Rule	PRC	1986	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=11	0:00	0	S
       
   214 Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
       
   215 
       
   216 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
       
   217 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
       
   218 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites.  And yes, there are official
       
   219 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
       
   220 # 
       
   221 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
       
   222 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
       
   223 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
       
   224 # boundaries summarized below]....  A few other exceptions were two
       
   225 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
       
   226 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
       
   227 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
       
   228 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
       
   229 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
       
   230 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
       
   231 
       
   232 
       
   233 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   234 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
       
   235 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
       
   236 Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928 # or Haerbin
       
   237 			8:30	-	CHAT	1932 Mar # Changbai Time
       
   238 			8:00	-	CST	1940
       
   239 			9:00	-	CHAT	1966 May
       
   240 			8:30	-	CHAT	1980 May
       
   241 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
       
   242 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
       
   243 # most of China
       
   244 Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:52	-	LMT	1928
       
   245 			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
       
   246 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
       
   247 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
       
   248 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
       
   249 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
       
   250 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
       
   251 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
       
   252 Zone	Asia/Chongqing	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Chungking
       
   253 			7:00	-	LONT	1980 May # Long-shu Time
       
   254 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
       
   255 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
       
   256 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
       
   257 # the Guangdong counties  Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
       
   258 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
       
   259 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
       
   260 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
       
   261 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
       
   262 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
       
   263 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
       
   264 Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
       
   265 			6:00	-	URUT	1980 May # Urumqi Time
       
   266 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
       
   267 # Kunlun Time
       
   268 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
       
   269 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
       
   270 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
       
   271 # and Yarkand.
       
   272 Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
       
   273 			5:30	-	KAST	1940	 # Kashgar Time
       
   274 			5:00	-	KAST	1980 May
       
   275 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
       
   276 
       
   277 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
       
   278 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   279 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Apr	20	3:30	1:00	S
       
   280 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Dec	1	3:30	0	-
       
   281 Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Apr	13	3:30	1:00	S
       
   282 Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	0	-
       
   283 Rule	HK	1948	only	-	May	2	3:30	1:00	S
       
   284 Rule	HK	1948	1952	-	Oct	lastSun	3:30	0	-
       
   285 Rule	HK	1949	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:30	1:00	S
       
   286 Rule	HK	1953	only	-	Nov	1	3:30	0	-
       
   287 Rule	HK	1954	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	3:30	1:00	S
       
   288 Rule	HK	1954	only	-	Oct	31	3:30	0	-
       
   289 Rule	HK	1955	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
       
   290 Rule	HK	1965	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
       
   291 Rule	HK	1965	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
       
   292 Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
       
   293 Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
       
   294 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   295 Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:36 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
       
   296 			8:00	HK	HK%sT
       
   297 
       
   298 
       
   299 ###############################################################################
       
   300 
       
   301 # Taiwan
       
   302 
       
   303 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
       
   304 # was still controlled by Japan.  This is hard to believe, but we don't
       
   305 # have any other information.
       
   306 
       
   307 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   308 Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   309 Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
       
   310 Rule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   311 Rule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
       
   312 Rule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   313 Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
       
   314 Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   315 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   316 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
       
   317 Rule	Taiwan	1980	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	D
       
   318 Rule	Taiwan	1980	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
       
   319 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   320 Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
       
   321 			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
       
   322 
       
   323 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
       
   324 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   325 Rule	Macau	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
       
   326 Rule	Macau	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
       
   327 Rule	Macau	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
       
   328 Rule	Macau	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
       
   329 Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
       
   330 Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	-
       
   331 Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
       
   332 Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
       
   333 Rule	Macau	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
       
   334 Rule	Macau	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
       
   335 Rule	Macau	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	-
       
   336 Rule	Macau	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	S
       
   337 Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
       
   338 Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
       
   339 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   340 Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912
       
   341 			8:00	Macau	MO%sT	1999 Dec 20 # return to China
       
   342 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
       
   343 
       
   344 
       
   345 ###############################################################################
       
   346 
       
   347 # Cyprus
       
   348 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   349 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	S
       
   350 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Oct	12	0:00	0	-
       
   351 Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
       
   352 Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	Oct	11	0:00	0	-
       
   353 Rule	Cyprus	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
       
   354 Rule	Cyprus	1977	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
       
   355 Rule	Cyprus	1978	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	-
       
   356 Rule	Cyprus	1979	1997	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
       
   357 Rule	Cyprus	1981	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
       
   358 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   359 Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
       
   360 			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
       
   361 			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
       
   362 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
       
   363 
       
   364 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
       
   365 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
       
   366 Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
       
   367 
       
   368 # Georgia
       
   369 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
       
   370 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
       
   371 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
       
   372 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
       
   373 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
       
   374 #
       
   375 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
       
   376 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
       
   377 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
       
   378 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
       
   379 #
       
   380 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
       
   381 #
       
   382 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday...  The former Soviet
       
   383 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow.  As a result it
       
   384 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
       
   385 # ahead.  The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
       
   386 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
       
   387 # of integration into Europe.
       
   388 
       
   389 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
       
   390 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
       
   391 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
       
   392 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
       
   393 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
       
   394 # about it.  As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
       
   395 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
       
   396 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
       
   397 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
       
   398 
       
   399 
       
   400 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   401 Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
       
   402 			2:59:16	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
       
   403 			3:00	-	TBIT	1957 Mar    # Tbilisi Time
       
   404 			4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
       
   405 			3:00	1:00	TBIST	1991 Apr  9 # independence
       
   406 			3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT	1992 # Georgia Time
       
   407 			3:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1994 Sep lastSun
       
   408 			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1996 Oct lastSun
       
   409 			4:00	1:00	GEST	1997 Mar lastSun
       
   410 			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	2004 Jun 27
       
   411 			3:00 RussiaAsia	GE%sT	2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
       
   412 			4:00	-	GET
       
   413 
       
   414 # East Timor
       
   415 
       
   416 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
       
   417 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
       
   418 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
       
   419 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
       
   420 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
       
   421 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
       
   422 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
       
   423 # conflicts with their way of life.
       
   424 
       
   425 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
       
   426 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
       
   427 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
       
   428 
       
   429 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
       
   430 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
       
   431 # (2000-08-16)</a>:
       
   432 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
       
   433 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
       
   434 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
       
   435 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
       
   436 
       
   437 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   438 Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912
       
   439 			8:00	-	TLT	1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
       
   440 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
       
   441 			9:00	-	TLT	1976 May  3
       
   442 			8:00	-	CIT	2000 Sep 17 00:00
       
   443 			9:00	-	TLT
       
   444 
       
   445 # India
       
   446 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   447 Zone	Asia/Calcutta	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880	# Kolkata
       
   448 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
       
   449 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
       
   450 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
       
   451 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
       
   452 			5:30	-	IST
       
   453 # The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
       
   454 #	Andaman Is
       
   455 #	Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
       
   456 #	Nicobar Is
       
   457 
       
   458 # Indonesia
       
   459 #
       
   460 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
       
   461 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
       
   462 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
       
   463 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
       
   464 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
       
   465 #
       
   466 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   467 Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
       
   468 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
       
   469 # but this must be a typo.
       
   470 			7:07:12	-	JMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
       
   471 			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov	 # Java Time
       
   472 			7:30	-	WIT	1942 Mar 23
       
   473 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
       
   474 			7:30	-	WIT	1948 May
       
   475 			8:00	-	WIT	1950 May
       
   476 			7:30	-	WIT	1964
       
   477 			7:00	-	WIT
       
   478 Zone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
       
   479 			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
       
   480 			7:30	-	WIT	1942 Jan 29
       
   481 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
       
   482 			7:30	-	WIT	1948 May
       
   483 			8:00	-	WIT	1950 May
       
   484 			7:30	-	WIT	1964
       
   485 			8:00	-	CIT	1988 Jan  1
       
   486 			7:00	-	WIT
       
   487 Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
       
   488 			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
       
   489 			8:00	-	CIT	1942 Feb  9
       
   490 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
       
   491 			8:00	-	CIT
       
   492 Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
       
   493 			9:00	-	EIT	1944
       
   494 			9:30	-	CST	1964
       
   495 			9:00	-	EIT
       
   496 
       
   497 # Iran
       
   498 
       
   499 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
       
   500 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
       
   501 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
       
   502 #
       
   503 #	Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
       
   504 #	No. 16760/T233 H				1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
       
   505 #
       
   506 #	The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
       
   507 #
       
   508 #	The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
       
   509 #	based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
       
   510 #	of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
       
   511 #	and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
       
   512 #	and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
       
   513 #	for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
       
   514 #
       
   515 #	The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
       
   516 #	at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
       
   517 #	to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
       
   518 #	Shahrivar.
       
   519 #
       
   520 #	First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
       
   521 #
       
   522 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
       
   523 # for at least the last 5 years.  Before that, for a few years, the
       
   524 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
       
   525 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
       
   526 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
       
   527 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
       
   528 #
       
   529 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
       
   530 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
       
   531 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
       
   532 # leap year calculation involved.  There has never been any serious
       
   533 # plan to change that law....
       
   534 #
       
   535 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
   536 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
       
   537 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
       
   538 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
       
   539 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
       
   540 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
       
   541 #
       
   542 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
       
   543 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
       
   544 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
       
   545 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
       
   546 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
       
   547 # known exactly, amongst other factors.  2157 is even closer:
       
   548 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT.  But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
       
   549 # no interpretation problem whatsoever.  By the way, another instant
       
   550 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
       
   551 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
       
   552 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT.  The Java version of
       
   553 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
       
   554 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
       
   555 #
       
   556 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
   557 # The above comments about post-2006 transitions may become relevant again,
       
   558 # if Iran ever resuscitates DST, so we'll leave the comments in.
       
   559 #
       
   560 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
       
   561 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
       
   562 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
       
   563 #
       
   564 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   565 Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   566 Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	21	0:00	0	S
       
   567 Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	19	0:00	0	S
       
   568 Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	S
       
   569 Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	D
       
   570 Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   571 Rule	Iran	1991	1995	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   572 Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   573 Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
       
   574 Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   575 Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   576 Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   577 Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
       
   578 Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   579 Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   580 Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   581 Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
       
   582 Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
       
   583 Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   584 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   585 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
       
   586 			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946	# Tehran Mean Time
       
   587 			3:30	-	IRST	1977 Nov
       
   588 			4:00	Iran	IR%sT	1979
       
   589 			3:30	Iran	IR%sT
       
   590 
       
   591 
       
   592 # Iraq
       
   593 #
       
   594 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
       
   595 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
       
   596 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
       
   597 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
       
   598 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
       
   599 #
       
   600 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
       
   601 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
       
   602 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time.  They referred
       
   603 # to daylight saving as Saddam time.  But, as of today, the time zone
       
   604 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
       
   605 #
       
   606 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
       
   607 
       
   608 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   609 Rule	Iraq	1982	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   610 Rule	Iraq	1982	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
       
   611 Rule	Iraq	1983	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
       
   612 Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   613 Rule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
       
   614 Rule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
       
   615 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
       
   616 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
       
   617 # 
       
   618 Rule	Iraq	1991	max	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	D
       
   619 Rule	Iraq	1991	max	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	S
       
   620 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   621 Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
       
   622 			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918	    # Baghdad Mean Time?
       
   623 			3:00	-	AST	1982 May
       
   624 			3:00	Iraq	A%sT
       
   625 
       
   626 
       
   627 ###############################################################################
       
   628 
       
   629 # Israel
       
   630 
       
   631 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
       
   632 #
       
   633 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988.  Until then there were three
       
   634 # different abbreviations in use:
       
   635 #
       
   636 # JST  Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
       
   637 # IZT  Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
       
   638 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
       
   639 #
       
   640 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
       
   641 # I ruled out JST.  As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
       
   642 # EEST was equally unacceptable.  Since "zonal" was not compatible with
       
   643 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
       
   644 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
       
   645 # settings in Israeli computers.
       
   646 #
       
   647 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
       
   648 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
       
   649 # family is from India).
       
   650 
       
   651 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
       
   652 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   653 Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   654 Rule	Zion	1942	1944	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
       
   655 Rule	Zion	1943	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   656 Rule	Zion	1944	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   657 Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
       
   658 Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
       
   659 Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Apr	16	2:00	1:00	D
       
   660 Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
       
   661 Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	May	23	0:00	2:00	DD
       
   662 Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   663 Rule	Zion	1948	1949	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
       
   664 Rule	Zion	1949	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   665 Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
       
   666 Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Sep	15	3:00	0	S
       
   667 Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   668 Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Nov	11	3:00	0	S
       
   669 Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Apr	20	2:00	1:00	D
       
   670 Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Oct	19	3:00	0	S
       
   671 Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Apr	12	2:00	1:00	D
       
   672 Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Sep	13	3:00	0	S
       
   673 Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Jun	13	0:00	1:00	D
       
   674 Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Sep	12	0:00	0	S
       
   675 Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Jun	11	2:00	1:00	D
       
   676 Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Sep	11	0:00	0	S
       
   677 Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
       
   678 Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	S
       
   679 Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	D
       
   680 Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
       
   681 Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	D
       
   682 Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Oct	13	0:00	0	S
       
   683 Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	D
       
   684 Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Aug	31	0:00	0	S
       
   685 Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
       
   686 Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
       
   687 Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	May	18	0:00	1:00	D
       
   688 Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
       
   689 Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
       
   690 Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
       
   691 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	 9	0:00	1:00	D
       
   692 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
       
   693 
       
   694 # From Ephraim Silverberg
       
   695 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
       
   696 # and 2005-02-17):
       
   697 
       
   698 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
       
   699 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
       
   700 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
       
   701 # days of daylight savings time annually.  From 1993-1998, the change to
       
   702 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
       
   703 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
       
   704 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
       
   705 # time.  1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
       
   706 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
       
   707 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year.  In 1999, the change to
       
   708 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
       
   709 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
       
   710 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
       
   711 # 1999 only.  In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
       
   712 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
       
   713 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST.  Starting in 2001, all
       
   714 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
       
   715 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
       
   716 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
       
   717 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
       
   718 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
       
   719 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
       
   720 
       
   721 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   722 Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
       
   723 Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
       
   724 Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Mar	25	0:00	1:00	D
       
   725 Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Aug	26	0:00	0	S
       
   726 Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Mar	24	0:00	1:00	D
       
   727 Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	S
       
   728 Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Mar	29	0:00	1:00	D
       
   729 Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
       
   730 Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	D
       
   731 Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
       
   732 
       
   733 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
       
   734 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel.  The spokeswoman can be reached by
       
   735 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
       
   736 
       
   737 # Rule	NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
       
   738 Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
       
   739 Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Aug	28	0:00	0	S
       
   740 Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
       
   741 Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
       
   742 
       
   743 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
       
   744 # time, Haim Ramon.  The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
       
   745 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
       
   746 #
       
   747 #   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
       
   748 #
       
   749 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
       
   750 #
       
   751 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
       
   752 #
       
   753 #   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
       
   754 #
       
   755 #       where YYYY is the relevant year.
       
   756 
       
   757 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   758 Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	1:00	D
       
   759 Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
       
   760 Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
       
   761 Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
       
   762 Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	D
       
   763 Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
       
   764 Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	D
       
   765 Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Sep	 3	2:00	0	S
       
   766 
       
   767 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
       
   768 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
       
   769 # years 2001-2004 as well.
       
   770 #
       
   771 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
       
   772 #
       
   773 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
       
   774 #
       
   775 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
       
   776 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
       
   777 #
       
   778 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
       
   779 
       
   780 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   781 Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
       
   782 Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Oct	 6	1:00	0	S
       
   783 Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Apr	 9	1:00	1:00	D
       
   784 Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Sep	24	1:00	0	S
       
   785 Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Mar	29	1:00	1:00	D
       
   786 Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Oct	 7	1:00	0	S
       
   787 Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Mar	28	1:00	1:00	D
       
   788 Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Oct	 3	1:00	0	S
       
   789 Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Apr	 7	1:00	1:00	D
       
   790 Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Sep	22	1:00	0	S
       
   791 
       
   792 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
       
   793 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
       
   794 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
       
   795 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
       
   796 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
       
   797 #
       
   798 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
       
   799 #
       
   800 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
       
   801 
       
   802 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
       
   803 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
       
   804 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
       
   805 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
       
   806 # to generate the transitions in this list.
       
   807 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
       
   808 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
       
   809 #
       
   810 # Rule	Zion	2005	max	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
       
   811 #
       
   812 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
       
   813 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
       
   814 # springtime transitions explicitly.
       
   815 
       
   816 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   817 Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   818 Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
       
   819 Rule	Zion	2006	2010	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
       
   820 Rule	Zion	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00	0	S
       
   821 Rule	Zion	2007	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
       
   822 Rule	Zion	2008	only	-	Oct	 5	2:00	0	S
       
   823 Rule	Zion	2009	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
       
   824 Rule	Zion	2010	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
       
   825 Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   826 Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
       
   827 Rule	Zion	2012	2015	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
       
   828 Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Sep	23	2:00	0	S
       
   829 Rule	Zion	2013	only	-	Sep	 8	2:00	0	S
       
   830 Rule	Zion	2014	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
       
   831 Rule	Zion	2015	only	-	Sep	20	2:00	0	S
       
   832 Rule	Zion	2016	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   833 Rule	Zion	2016	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
       
   834 Rule	Zion	2017	2021	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
       
   835 Rule	Zion	2017	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
       
   836 Rule	Zion	2018	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
       
   837 Rule	Zion	2019	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
       
   838 Rule	Zion	2020	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
       
   839 Rule	Zion	2021	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
       
   840 Rule	Zion	2022	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   841 Rule	Zion	2022	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
       
   842 Rule	Zion	2023	2032	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
       
   843 Rule	Zion	2023	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
       
   844 Rule	Zion	2024	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
       
   845 Rule	Zion	2025	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
       
   846 Rule	Zion	2026	only	-	Sep	20	2:00	0	S
       
   847 Rule	Zion	2027	only	-	Oct	10	2:00	0	S
       
   848 Rule	Zion	2028	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
       
   849 Rule	Zion	2029	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
       
   850 Rule	Zion	2030	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
       
   851 Rule	Zion	2031	only	-	Sep	21	2:00	0	S
       
   852 Rule	Zion	2032	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
       
   853 Rule	Zion	2033	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   854 Rule	Zion	2033	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
       
   855 Rule	Zion	2034	2037	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
       
   856 Rule	Zion	2034	only	-	Sep	17	2:00	0	S
       
   857 Rule	Zion	2035	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00	0	S
       
   858 Rule	Zion	2036	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
       
   859 Rule	Zion	2037	only	-	Sep	13	2:00	0	S
       
   860 
       
   861 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   862 Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:56 -	LMT	1880
       
   863 			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918	# Jerusalem Mean Time?
       
   864 			2:00	Zion	I%sT
       
   865 
       
   866 
       
   867 
       
   868 ###############################################################################
       
   869 
       
   870 # Japan
       
   871 
       
   872 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
       
   873 
       
   874 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
       
   875 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
       
   876 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
       
   877 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
       
   878 
       
   879 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
       
   880 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
       
   881 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
       
   882 # [1948-05-01]....  But lack of prior debate and the execution of
       
   883 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
       
   884 # deep hatred of the concept....  The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
       
   885 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
       
   886 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed.  (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
       
   887 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
       
   888 # wanted to keep it.)
       
   889 
       
   890 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
   891 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
       
   892 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   893 Rule	Japan	1948	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   894 Rule	Japan	1948	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=8	2:00	0	S
       
   895 Rule	Japan	1949	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   896 Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
       
   897 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
       
   898 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases.  For now, assume
       
   899 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
       
   900 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
       
   901 
       
   902 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
       
   903 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
       
   904 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
       
   905 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
       
   906 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
       
   907 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
       
   908 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
       
   909 
       
   910 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
       
   911 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
       
   912 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
       
   913 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
       
   914 # standard time".  And the same ordinance also established "western standard
       
   915 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree....  But "western standard
       
   916 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
       
   917 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
       
   918 # standard....
       
   919 #
       
   920 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
       
   921 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
       
   922 
       
   923 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
       
   924 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki.  Guess that all
       
   925 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
       
   926 
       
   927 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   928 Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
       
   929 			9:00	-	JST	1896
       
   930 			9:00	-	CJT	1938
       
   931 			9:00	Japan	J%sT
       
   932 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
       
   933 
       
   934 # Jordan
       
   935 #
       
   936 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
       
   937 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
       
   938 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
       
   939 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
       
   940 # all year round.
       
   941 #
       
   942 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
       
   943 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
       
   944 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
       
   945 # by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
       
   946 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
       
   947 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
       
   948 #
       
   949 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
       
   950 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
       
   951 #
       
   952 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
       
   953 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
       
   954 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
       
   955 #
       
   956 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
       
   957 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
       
   958 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
       
   959 #
       
   960 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
   961 Rule	Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
       
   962 Rule	Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
       
   963 Rule	Jordan	1974	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
   964 Rule	Jordan	1976	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
       
   965 Rule	Jordan	1977	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
       
   966 Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
       
   967 Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
       
   968 Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
   969 Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
       
   970 Rule	Jordan	1986	1988	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
       
   971 Rule	Jordan	1986	1990	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
       
   972 Rule	Jordan	1989	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	S
       
   973 Rule	Jordan	1990	only	-	Apr	27	0:00	1:00	S
       
   974 Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
       
   975 Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
       
   976 Rule	Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
       
   977 Rule	Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
       
   978 Rule	Jordan	1993	1998	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
       
   979 Rule	Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
       
   980 Rule	Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
       
   981 Rule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
       
   982 Rule	Jordan	1999	2002	-	Sep	lastThu	0:00s	0	-
       
   983 Rule	Jordan	2000	max	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
       
   984 Rule	Jordan	2003	only	-	Oct	24	0:00s	0	-
       
   985 Rule	Jordan	2004	only	-	Oct	15	0:00s	0	-
       
   986 Rule	Jordan	2005	only	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
       
   987 Rule	Jordan	2006	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
       
   988 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
   989 Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
       
   990 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
       
   991 
       
   992 
       
   993 # Kazakhstan
       
   994 
       
   995 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
       
   996 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
       
   997 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
       
   998 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
       
   999 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
       
  1000 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
       
  1001 
       
  1002 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
  1003 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
       
  1004 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
       
  1005 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
       
  1006 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
       
  1007 #
       
  1008 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
       
  1009 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
       
  1010 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
       
  1011 
       
  1012 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
       
  1013 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
       
  1014 # </a>
       
  1015 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
       
  1016 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
       
  1017 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
       
  1018 #
       
  1019 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
       
  1020 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
       
  1021 # was "blended" with the Central zone.  Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
       
  1022 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour.  The zone
       
  1023 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
       
  1024 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
       
  1025 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan.  The other zone encompasses
       
  1026 # everything else....  I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
       
  1027 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
       
  1028 
       
  1029 #
       
  1030 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1031 #
       
  1032 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
       
  1033 Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
       
  1034 			5:00	-	ALMT	1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
       
  1035 			6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT	1991
       
  1036 			6:00	-	ALMT	1992
       
  1037 			6:00 RussiaAsia	ALM%sT	2005 Mar 15
       
  1038 			6:00	-	ALMT
       
  1039 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
       
  1040 Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
       
  1041 			4:00	-	KIZT	1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
       
  1042 			5:00	-	KIZT	1981 Apr  1
       
  1043 			5:00	1:00	KIZST	1981 Oct  1
       
  1044 			6:00	-	KIZT	1982 Apr  1
       
  1045 			5:00 RussiaAsia	KIZ%sT	1991
       
  1046 			5:00	-	KIZT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
       
  1047 			5:00	-	QYZT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
       
  1048 			6:00 RussiaAsia	QYZ%sT	2005 Mar 15
       
  1049 			6:00	-	QYZT
       
  1050 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
       
  1051 Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
       
  1052 			4:00	-	AKTT	1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
       
  1053 			5:00	-	AKTT	1981 Apr  1
       
  1054 			5:00	1:00	AKTST	1981 Oct  1
       
  1055 			6:00	-	AKTT	1982 Apr  1
       
  1056 			5:00 RussiaAsia	AKT%sT	1991
       
  1057 			5:00	-	AKTT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
       
  1058 			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
       
  1059 			5:00	-	AQTT
       
  1060 # Mangghystau
       
  1061 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
       
  1062 # so include time stamps before 1963.
       
  1063 Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
       
  1064 			4:00	-	FORT	1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
       
  1065 			5:00	-	FORT	1963
       
  1066 			5:00	-	SHET	1981 Oct  1 # Shevchenko Time
       
  1067 			6:00	-	SHET	1982 Apr  1
       
  1068 			5:00 RussiaAsia	SHE%sT	1991
       
  1069 			5:00	-	SHET	1991 Dec 16 # independence
       
  1070 			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
       
  1071 			4:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15
       
  1072 			5:00	-	AQTT
       
  1073 # West Kazakhstan
       
  1074 Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
       
  1075 			4:00	-	URAT	1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
       
  1076 			5:00	-	URAT	1981 Apr  1
       
  1077 			5:00	1:00	URAST	1981 Oct  1
       
  1078 			6:00	-	URAT	1982 Apr  1
       
  1079 			5:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00
       
  1080 			4:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1991
       
  1081 			4:00	-	URAT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
       
  1082 			4:00 RussiaAsia	ORA%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
       
  1083 			5:00	-	ORAT
       
  1084 
       
  1085 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
       
  1086 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
       
  1087 
       
  1088 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
       
  1089 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
       
  1090 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
       
  1091 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system.  I take the article
       
  1092 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
       
  1093 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
       
  1094 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
       
  1095 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
       
  1096 
       
  1097 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1098 Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Apr	Sun>=7	0:00s	1:00	S
       
  1099 Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
       
  1100 Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	S
       
  1101 Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
       
  1102 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1103 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
       
  1104 			5:00	-	FRUT	1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
       
  1105 			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
       
  1106 			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
       
  1107 			5:00	Kyrgyz	KG%sT	2005 Aug 12    # Kyrgyzstan Time
       
  1108 			6:00	-	KGT
       
  1109 
       
  1110 ###############################################################################
       
  1111 
       
  1112 # Korea (North and South)
       
  1113 
       
  1114 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
       
  1115 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
       
  1116 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
       
  1117 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
       
  1118 # the system may begin as early as 2008....  Korea ran a daylight
       
  1119 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
       
  1120 
       
  1121 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
       
  1122 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1123 Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
       
  1124 Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
       
  1125 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
       
  1126 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
       
  1127 
       
  1128 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1129 Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1890
       
  1130 			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
       
  1131 			9:00	-	KST	1928
       
  1132 			8:30	-	KST	1932
       
  1133 			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
       
  1134 			8:00	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
       
  1135 			8:30	-	KST	1968 Oct
       
  1136 			9:00	ROK	K%sT
       
  1137 Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1890
       
  1138 			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
       
  1139 			9:00	-	KST	1928
       
  1140 			8:30	-	KST	1932
       
  1141 			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
       
  1142 			8:00	-	KST	1961 Aug 10
       
  1143 			9:00	-	KST
       
  1144 
       
  1145 ###############################################################################
       
  1146 
       
  1147 # Kuwait
       
  1148 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1149 Zone	Asia/Kuwait	3:11:56 -	LMT	1950
       
  1150 			3:00	-	AST
       
  1151 
       
  1152 # Laos
       
  1153 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1154 Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9 # or Viangchan
       
  1155 			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
       
  1156 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
       
  1157 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
       
  1158 			7:00	-	ICT
       
  1159 
       
  1160 # Lebanon
       
  1161 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1162 Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1163 Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
       
  1164 Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1165 Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
       
  1166 Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1167 Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	-
       
  1168 Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1169 Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
       
  1170 Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1171 Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
       
  1172 Rule	Lebanon	1972	only	-	Jun	22	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1173 Rule	Lebanon	1972	1977	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
       
  1174 Rule	Lebanon	1973	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1175 Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1176 Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
       
  1177 Rule	Lebanon	1984	1987	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1178 Rule	Lebanon	1984	1991	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
       
  1179 Rule	Lebanon	1988	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1180 Rule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1181 Rule	Lebanon	1990	1992	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1182 Rule	Lebanon	1992	only	-	Oct	4	0:00	0	-
       
  1183 Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1184 Rule	Lebanon	1993	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
       
  1185 Rule	Lebanon	1999	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
       
  1186 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1187 Zone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880
       
  1188 			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT
       
  1189 
       
  1190 # Malaysia
       
  1191 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1192 Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	TS # one-Third Summer
       
  1193 Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
       
  1194 #
       
  1195 # peninsular Malaysia
       
  1196 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
       
  1197 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
       
  1198 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1199 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
       
  1200 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
       
  1201 			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
       
  1202 			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
       
  1203 			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
       
  1204 			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
       
  1205 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
       
  1206 			7:30	-	MALT	1982 Jan  1
       
  1207 			8:00	-	MYT	# Malaysia Time
       
  1208 # Sabah & Sarawak
       
  1209 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
  1210 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
       
  1211 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
       
  1212 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1213 Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
       
  1214 			7:30	-	BORT	1933	# Borneo Time
       
  1215 			8:00	NBorneo	BOR%sT	1942 Feb 16
       
  1216 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
       
  1217 			8:00	-	BORT	1982 Jan  1
       
  1218 			8:00	-	MYT
       
  1219 
       
  1220 # Maldives
       
  1221 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1222 Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
       
  1223 			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960	# Male Mean Time
       
  1224 			5:00	-	MVT		# Maldives Time
       
  1225 
       
  1226 # Mongolia
       
  1227 
       
  1228 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
       
  1229 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
       
  1230 # both say that it has just one.
       
  1231 
       
  1232 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
       
  1233 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
       
  1234 # General Information Mongolia
       
  1235 # </a> (1999-09)
       
  1236 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
       
  1237 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
       
  1238 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
       
  1239 # eight hours."
       
  1240 
       
  1241 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
       
  1242 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
       
  1243 # being the last year it was implemented.  The dates of implementation I am
       
  1244 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
       
  1245 # of implementation may have been different....
       
  1246 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
       
  1247 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
       
  1248 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
       
  1249 
       
  1250 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
       
  1251 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
       
  1252 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
       
  1253 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
       
  1254 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
       
  1255 # is good enough for our purposes.
       
  1256 
       
  1257 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
       
  1258 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
       
  1259 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
       
  1260 # there are three time zones.
       
  1261 #
       
  1262 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
       
  1263 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
       
  1264 #	Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
       
  1265 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
       
  1266 #
       
  1267 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
       
  1268 
       
  1269 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
       
  1270 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
       
  1271 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
       
  1272 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
       
  1273 #
       
  1274 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
       
  1275 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
       
  1276 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
       
  1277 
       
  1278 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
       
  1279 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
       
  1280 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
       
  1281 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
       
  1282 # Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
       
  1283 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
       
  1284 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
       
  1285 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
       
  1286 # He also found
       
  1287 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
       
  1288 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
       
  1289 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
       
  1290 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
       
  1291 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
       
  1292 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
       
  1293 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
       
  1294 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
       
  1295 
       
  1296 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1297 Rule	Mongol	1983	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1298 Rule	Mongol	1983	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
       
  1299 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
       
  1300 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00.  Also, IATA SSIM
       
  1301 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
       
  1302 #
       
  1303 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
       
  1304 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
       
  1305 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
       
  1306 # the country.  That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
       
  1307 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
       
  1308 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
       
  1309 
       
  1310 Rule	Mongol	1985	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1311 Rule	Mongol	1984	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
       
  1312 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
       
  1313 Rule	Mongol	2001	only	-	Apr	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1314 Rule	Mongol	2001	max	-	Sep	lastSat	2:00	0	-
       
  1315 Rule	Mongol	2002	max	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1316 
       
  1317 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1318 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
       
  1319 Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
       
  1320 			6:00	-	HOVT	1978	# Hovd Time
       
  1321 			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
       
  1322 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
       
  1323 Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
       
  1324 			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulaanbaatar Time
       
  1325 			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
       
  1326 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
       
  1327 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
       
  1328 Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
       
  1329 			7:00	-	ULAT	1978
       
  1330 			8:00	-	ULAT	1983 Apr
       
  1331 			9:00	Mongol	CHO%sT	# Choibalsan Time
       
  1332 
       
  1333 # Nepal
       
  1334 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1335 Zone	Asia/Katmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
       
  1336 			5:30	-	IST	1986
       
  1337 			5:45	-	NPT	# Nepal Time
       
  1338 
       
  1339 # Oman
       
  1340 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1341 Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:20 -	LMT	1920
       
  1342 			4:00	-	GST
       
  1343 
       
  1344 # Pakistan
       
  1345 
       
  1346 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
       
  1347 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
       
  1348 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
       
  1349 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002.  This is what I was
       
  1350 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
       
  1351 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
       
  1352 
       
  1353 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
       
  1354 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
       
  1355 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
       
  1356 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
       
  1357 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
       
  1358 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
       
  1359 # 15th October each year".  This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
       
  1360 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
       
  1361 # it's not on a trial basis.  Also, the "between the first Saturday
       
  1362 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
       
  1363 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
       
  1364 
       
  1365 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
       
  1366 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
       
  1367 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight.  Go with McDow for now.
       
  1368 
       
  1369 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
       
  1370 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
       
  1371 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
       
  1372 #
       
  1373 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
       
  1374 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
       
  1375 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
       
  1376 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
       
  1377 #
       
  1378 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
       
  1379 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
       
  1380 
       
  1381 
       
  1382 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1383 Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:01	1:00	S
       
  1384 Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:01	0	-
       
  1385 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1386 Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
       
  1387 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
       
  1388 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
       
  1389 			5:30	-	IST	1951 Sep 30
       
  1390 			5:00	-	KART	1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
       
  1391 			5:00 Pakistan	PK%sT	# Pakistan Time
       
  1392 
       
  1393 # Palestine
       
  1394 
       
  1395 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
       
  1396 #
       
  1397 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
       
  1398 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
       
  1399 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
       
  1400 #
       
  1401 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
       
  1402 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
       
  1403 # time zone was affected then).  It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
       
  1404 # though.
       
  1405 #
       
  1406 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
       
  1407 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
       
  1408 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
       
  1409 # Trans-Jordan").  So the rules for Jordan for that time apply.  Major
       
  1410 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
       
  1411 # East Jerusalem.
       
  1412 #
       
  1413 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
       
  1414 # for East Jerusalem).  They were on Israel time since then; there might
       
  1415 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
       
  1416 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
       
  1417 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
       
  1418 #
       
  1419 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
       
  1420 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995.  I know that in order to
       
  1421 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
       
  1422 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
       
  1423 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
       
  1424 # Jordanian one).
       
  1425 #
       
  1426 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
       
  1427 #
       
  1428 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
       
  1429 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
       
  1430 # Israel      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion
       
  1431 # West bank   | Zion      | Jordan    | Zion      | Jordan
       
  1432 # Gaza        | Zion      | Egypt     | Zion      | Jordan
       
  1433 #
       
  1434 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
       
  1435 # have one).
       
  1436 
       
  1437 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
       
  1438 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
       
  1439 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
       
  1440 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
       
  1441 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
       
  1442 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
       
  1443 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
       
  1444 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
       
  1445 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
       
  1446 # to Palestine's rules.  If you have more info about this, please
       
  1447 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
       
  1448 
       
  1449 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
       
  1450 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
       
  1451 #
       
  1452 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
       
  1453 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
       
  1454 # one-hour forward at this time.  As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
       
  1455 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
       
  1456 
       
  1457 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
       
  1458 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
       
  1459 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
       
  1460 # Holiday havoc
       
  1461 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
       
  1462 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
       
  1463 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
       
  1464 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
       
  1465 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
       
  1466 
       
  1467 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
       
  1468 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
       
  1469 
       
  1470 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
       
  1471 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
       
  1472 # the Ramadan.  Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
       
  1473 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
       
  1474 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
       
  1475 
       
  1476 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
       
  1477 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
       
  1478 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
       
  1479 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel.  I was not
       
  1480 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
       
  1481 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
       
  1482 # the West Bank.
       
  1483 
       
  1484 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
       
  1485 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
       
  1486 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
       
  1487 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
       
  1488 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday.  It is also time to turn
       
  1489 # > back the clocks for winter.  Friday will begin an hour late this week.
       
  1490 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
       
  1491 # because of the Ramadan.
       
  1492 
       
  1493 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
       
  1494 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1495 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1496 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
       
  1497 Rule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1498 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1967	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
       
  1499 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
       
  1500 Rule EgyptAsia	1966	only	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
       
  1501 
       
  1502 Rule Palestine	1999	2005	-	Apr	Fri>=15	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1503 Rule Palestine	1999	2003	-	Oct	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
       
  1504 Rule Palestine	2004	only	-	Oct	 1	1:00	0	-
       
  1505 Rule Palestine	2005	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
       
  1506 Rule Palestine	2006	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1507 Rule Palestine	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
       
  1508 Rule Palestine	2007	max	-	Oct	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
       
  1509 
       
  1510 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1511 Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
       
  1512 			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
       
  1513 			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
       
  1514 			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
       
  1515 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
       
  1516 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
       
  1517 
       
  1518 # Paracel Is
       
  1519 # no information
       
  1520 
       
  1521 # Philippines
       
  1522 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
       
  1523 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
       
  1524 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01.  Robert H. van Gent has a
       
  1525 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
       
  1526 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
       
  1527 
       
  1528 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
       
  1529 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
       
  1530 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
       
  1531 # rainy season begins.  See
       
  1532 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
       
  1533 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
       
  1534 #
       
  1535 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
       
  1536 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
       
  1537 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
       
  1538 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
       
  1539 # but no details]
       
  1540 
       
  1541 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1542 Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1543 Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	-
       
  1544 Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1545 Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	0	-
       
  1546 Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1547 Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
       
  1548 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1549 Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
       
  1550 			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
       
  1551 			8:00	Phil	PH%sT	1942 May
       
  1552 			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
       
  1553 			8:00	Phil	PH%sT
       
  1554 
       
  1555 # Qatar
       
  1556 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1557 Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920	# Al Dawhah / Doha
       
  1558 			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
       
  1559 			3:00	-	AST
       
  1560 
       
  1561 # Saudi Arabia
       
  1562 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1563 Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1950
       
  1564 			3:00	-	AST
       
  1565 
       
  1566 # Singapore
       
  1567 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
       
  1568 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
       
  1569 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1570 Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
       
  1571 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
       
  1572 			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
       
  1573 			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
       
  1574 			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
       
  1575 			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
       
  1576 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
       
  1577 			7:30	-	MALT	1965 Aug  9 # independence
       
  1578 			7:30	-	SGT	1982 Jan  1 # Singapore Time
       
  1579 			8:00	-	SGT
       
  1580 
       
  1581 # Spratly Is
       
  1582 # no information
       
  1583 
       
  1584 # Sri Lanka
       
  1585 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
       
  1586 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
       
  1587 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
       
  1588 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
       
  1589 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
       
  1590 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
       
  1591 #
       
  1592 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
       
  1593 # by Shamindra in
       
  1594 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
       
  1595 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
       
  1596 # </a>:
       
  1597 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
       
  1598 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
       
  1599 
       
  1600 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
       
  1601 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
       
  1602 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
       
  1603 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
       
  1604 
       
  1605 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
       
  1606 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
       
  1607 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
       
  1608 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
       
  1609 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
       
  1610 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
       
  1611 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use TZ='Asia/Calcutta',
       
  1612 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
       
  1613 
       
  1614 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
       
  1615 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
       
  1616 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
       
  1617 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
       
  1618 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
       
  1619 #
       
  1620 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
       
  1621 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
       
  1622 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
       
  1623 #
       
  1624 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
       
  1625 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
       
  1626 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
       
  1627 # item....
       
  1628 #
       
  1629 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
       
  1630 # adminsitrators.  In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
       
  1631 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
       
  1632 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
       
  1633 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
       
  1634 #
       
  1635 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
       
  1636 # (that we have not known so far) then  it is better that it be used for
       
  1637 # all computers.
       
  1638 
       
  1639 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
       
  1640 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
       
  1641 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
       
  1642 
       
  1643 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1644 Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
       
  1645 			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906	# Moratuwa Mean Time
       
  1646 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Jan  5
       
  1647 			5:30	0:30	IHST	1942 Sep
       
  1648 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 16 2:00
       
  1649 			5:30	-	IST	1996 May 25 0:00
       
  1650 			6:30	-	LKT	1996 Oct 26 0:30
       
  1651 			6:00	-	LKT	2006 Apr 15 0:30
       
  1652 			5:30	-	IST
       
  1653 
       
  1654 # Syria
       
  1655 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
       
  1656 Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1657 Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
       
  1658 Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1659 Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
       
  1660 Rule	Syria	1963	1965	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1661 Rule	Syria	1963	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
       
  1662 Rule	Syria	1964	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
       
  1663 Rule	Syria	1965	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
       
  1664 Rule	Syria	1966	only	-	Apr	24	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1665 Rule	Syria	1966	1976	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
       
  1666 Rule	Syria	1967	1978	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1667 Rule	Syria	1977	1978	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	-
       
  1668 Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Apr	9	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1669 Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
       
  1670 Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Feb	16	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1671 Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Oct	9	2:00	0	-
       
  1672 Rule	Syria	1987	only	-	Mar	1	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1673 Rule	Syria	1987	1988	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	-
       
  1674 Rule	Syria	1988	only	-	Mar	15	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1675 Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1676 Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
       
  1677 Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Apr	1	2:00	1:00	S
       
  1678 Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
       
  1679 Rule	Syria	1991	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1680 Rule	Syria	1991	1992	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
       
  1681 Rule	Syria	1992	only	-	Apr	 8	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1682 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1683 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
       
  1684 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
       
  1685 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
       
  1686 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
       
  1687 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
       
  1688 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
       
  1689 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
       
  1690 Rule	Syria	1994	1996	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1691 Rule	Syria	1994	2005	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
       
  1692 Rule	Syria	1997	1998	-	Mar	lastMon	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1693 Rule	Syria	1999	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
       
  1694 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
       
  1695 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
       
  1696 # this year [only]....  This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
       
  1697 Rule	Syria	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
       
  1698 Rule	Syria	2007	max	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
       
  1699 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1700 Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920	# Dimashq
       
  1701 			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
       
  1702 
       
  1703 # Tajikistan
       
  1704 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
       
  1705 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1706 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
       
  1707 			5:00	-	DUST	1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
       
  1708 			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
       
  1709 			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9 2:00s
       
  1710 			5:00	-	TJT		    # Tajikistan Time
       
  1711 
       
  1712 # Thailand
       
  1713 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1714 Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
       
  1715 			6:42:04	-	BMT	1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
       
  1716 			7:00	-	ICT
       
  1717 
       
  1718 # Turkmenistan
       
  1719 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
       
  1720 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1721 Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
       
  1722 			4:00	-	ASHT	1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
       
  1723 			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
       
  1724 			4:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
       
  1725 			4:00 RussiaAsia	TM%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
       
  1726 			5:00	-	TMT
       
  1727 
       
  1728 # United Arab Emirates
       
  1729 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1730 Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
       
  1731 			4:00	-	GST
       
  1732 
       
  1733 # Uzbekistan
       
  1734 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1735 Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
       
  1736 			4:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
       
  1737 			5:00	-	SAMT	1981 Apr  1
       
  1738 			5:00	1:00	SAMST	1981 Oct  1
       
  1739 			6:00	-	TAST	1982 Apr  1 # Tashkent Time
       
  1740 			5:00 RussiaAsia	SAM%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
       
  1741 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
       
  1742 			5:00	-	UZT
       
  1743 Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
       
  1744 			5:00	-	TAST	1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
       
  1745 			6:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
       
  1746 			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
       
  1747 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
       
  1748 			5:00	-	UZT
       
  1749 
       
  1750 # Vietnam
       
  1751 
       
  1752 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
       
  1753 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
       
  1754 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
       
  1755 
       
  1756 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
       
  1757 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1758 Zone	Asia/Saigon	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
       
  1759 			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
       
  1760 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
       
  1761 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
       
  1762 			7:00	-	ICT
       
  1763 
       
  1764 # Yemen
       
  1765 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
       
  1766 Zone	Asia/Aden	3:00:48	-	LMT	1950
       
  1767 			3:00	-	AST