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1 GNU Free Documentation License |
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2 Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 |
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3 |
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4 |
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5 Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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6 <http://fsf.org/> |
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7 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
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8 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
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9 |
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10 0. PREAMBLE |
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11 |
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12 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
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13 functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to |
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14 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, |
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15 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. |
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16 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way |
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17 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible |
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18 for modifications made by others. |
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19 |
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20 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
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21 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
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22 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
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23 license designed for free software. |
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24 |
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25 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free |
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26 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
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27 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
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28 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; |
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29 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
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30 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
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31 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
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32 |
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33 |
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34 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
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35 |
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36 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that |
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37 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be |
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38 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a |
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39 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that |
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40 work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, |
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41 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a |
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42 licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you |
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43 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission |
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44 under copyright law. |
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45 |
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46 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the |
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47 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
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48 modifications and/or translated into another language. |
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49 |
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50 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of |
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51 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
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52 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall |
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53 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall |
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54 directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in |
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55 part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain |
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56 any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
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57 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
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58 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
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59 them. |
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60 |
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61 The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
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62 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
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63 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a |
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64 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not |
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65 allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero |
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66 Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant |
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67 Sections then there are none. |
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68 |
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69 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
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70 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
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71 the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may |
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72 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. |
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73 |
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74 A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
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75 represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
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76 general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
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77 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
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78 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
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79 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
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80 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
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81 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
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82 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart |
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83 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. |
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84 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount |
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85 of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". |
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86 |
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87 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
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88 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML |
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89 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple |
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90 HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of |
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91 transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats |
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92 include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by |
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93 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or |
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94 processing tools are not generally available, and the |
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95 machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word |
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96 processors for output purposes only. |
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97 |
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98 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
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99 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
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100 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in |
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101 formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means |
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102 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
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103 preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
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104 |
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105 The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of |
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106 the Document to the public. |
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107 |
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108 A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose |
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109 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following |
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110 text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a |
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111 specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", |
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112 "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" |
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113 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a |
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114 section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. |
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115 |
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116 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which |
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117 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty |
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118 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this |
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119 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other |
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120 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has |
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121 no effect on the meaning of this License. |
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122 |
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123 2. VERBATIM COPYING |
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124 |
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125 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
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126 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
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127 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies |
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128 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no |
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129 other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
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130 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further |
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131 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
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132 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
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133 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. |
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134 |
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135 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and |
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136 you may publicly display copies. |
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137 |
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138 |
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139 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY |
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140 |
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141 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have |
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142 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the |
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143 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the |
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144 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
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145 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
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146 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
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147 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
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148 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and |
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149 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. |
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150 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve |
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151 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated |
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152 as verbatim copying in other respects. |
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153 |
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154 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
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155 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
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156 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
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157 pages. |
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158 |
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159 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
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160 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
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161 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
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162 a computer-network location from which the general network-using |
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163 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols |
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164 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. |
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165 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, |
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166 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure |
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167 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated |
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168 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an |
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169 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that |
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170 edition to the public. |
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171 |
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172 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
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173 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to |
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174 give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the |
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175 Document. |
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176 |
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177 |
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178 4. MODIFICATIONS |
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179 |
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180 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under |
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181 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release |
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182 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified |
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183 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution |
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184 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy |
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185 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
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186 |
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187 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct |
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188 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions |
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189 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section |
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190 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version |
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191 if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
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192 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities |
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193 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified |
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194 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the |
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195 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), |
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196 unless they release you from this requirement. |
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197 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
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198 Modified Version, as the publisher. |
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199 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
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200 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
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201 adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
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202 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice |
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203 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the |
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204 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
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205 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections |
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206 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. |
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207 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
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208 I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add |
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209 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and |
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210 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
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211 there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one |
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212 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
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213 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified |
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214 Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
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215 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for |
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216 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise |
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217 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions |
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218 it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. |
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219 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at |
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220 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original |
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221 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
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222 K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", |
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223 Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all |
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224 the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements |
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225 and/or dedications given therein. |
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226 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
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227 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers |
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228 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
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229 M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section |
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230 may not be included in the Modified Version. |
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231 N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" |
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232 or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
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233 O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. |
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234 |
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235 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
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236 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
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237 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
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238 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
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239 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
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240 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
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241 |
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242 You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
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243 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
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244 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
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245 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
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246 standard. |
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247 |
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248 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a |
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249 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list |
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250 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
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251 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
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252 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
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253 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or |
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254 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, |
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255 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit |
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256 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. |
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257 |
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258 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License |
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259 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or |
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260 imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
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261 |
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262 |
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263 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
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264 |
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265 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this |
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266 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified |
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267 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
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268 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
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269 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
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270 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. |
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271 |
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272 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
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273 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
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274 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
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275 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by |
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276 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original |
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277 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. |
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278 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
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279 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
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280 |
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281 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" |
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282 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled |
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283 "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", |
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284 and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections |
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285 Entitled "Endorsements". |
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286 |
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287 |
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288 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
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289 |
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290 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other |
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291 documents released under this License, and replace the individual |
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292 copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy |
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293 that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules |
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294 of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all |
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295 other respects. |
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296 |
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297 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and |
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298 distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a |
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299 copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this |
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300 License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that |
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301 document. |
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302 |
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303 |
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304 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
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305 |
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306 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
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307 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
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308 distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright |
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309 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights |
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310 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. |
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311 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not |
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312 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves |
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313 derivative works of the Document. |
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314 |
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315 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
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316 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of |
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317 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
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318 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the |
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319 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. |
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320 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole |
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321 aggregate. |
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322 |
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323 |
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324 8. TRANSLATION |
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325 |
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326 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
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327 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. |
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328 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
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329 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
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330 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
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331 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
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332 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
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333 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include |
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334 the original English version of this License and the original versions |
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335 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between |
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336 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice |
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337 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. |
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338 |
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339 If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", |
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340 "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve |
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341 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual |
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342 title. |
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343 |
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344 |
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345 9. TERMINATION |
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346 |
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347 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document |
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348 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt |
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349 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and |
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350 will automatically terminate your rights under this License. |
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351 |
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352 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license |
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353 from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, |
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354 unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally |
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355 terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder |
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356 fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to |
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357 60 days after the cessation. |
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358 |
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359 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is |
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360 reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the |
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361 violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have |
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362 received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that |
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363 copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after |
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364 your receipt of the notice. |
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365 |
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366 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the |
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367 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under |
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368 this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently |
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369 reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does |
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370 not give you any rights to use it. |
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371 |
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372 |
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373 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
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374 |
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375 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the |
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376 GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions |
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377 will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in |
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378 detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
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379 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. |
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380 |
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381 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. |
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382 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this |
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383 License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of |
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384 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or |
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385 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
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386 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
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387 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
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388 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document |
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389 specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this |
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390 License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a |
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391 version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the |
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392 Document. |
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393 |
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394 11. RELICENSING |
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395 |
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396 "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any |
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397 World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also |
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398 provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A |
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399 public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A |
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400 "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site |
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401 means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site. |
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402 |
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403 "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 |
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404 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit |
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405 corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, |
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406 California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license |
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407 published by that same organization. |
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408 |
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409 "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in |
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410 part, as part of another Document. |
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411 |
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412 An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this |
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413 License, and if all works that were first published under this License |
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414 somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or |
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415 in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and |
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416 (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. |
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417 |
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418 The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site |
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419 under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, |
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420 provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. |
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421 |
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422 |
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423 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
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424 |
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425 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
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426 the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
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427 license notices just after the title page: |
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428 |
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429 Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. |
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430 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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431 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 |
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432 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
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433 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. |
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434 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU |
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435 Free Documentation License". |
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436 |
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437 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, |
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438 replace the "with...Texts." line with this: |
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439 |
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440 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the |
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441 Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. |
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442 |
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443 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
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444 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the |
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445 situation. |
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446 |
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447 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
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448 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
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449 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, |
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450 to permit their use in free software. |