libraries/spcre/libpcre/pcre/doc/html/pcresyntax.html
author Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
Tue, 07 Dec 2010 17:29:09 +0000
changeset 114 ceac7084e2e5
parent 0 7f656887cf89
permissions -rw-r--r--
Implemented RObjectIx-based memoryaccess APIs. Upshot is that objinfo now works again on platforms that define FSHELL_NO_DOBJECTIX_SUPPORT.
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>pcresyntax specification</title>
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#00005A" link="#0066FF" alink="#3399FF" vlink="#2222BB">
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<h1>pcresyntax man page</h1>
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Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE index page</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
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from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
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man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
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<br>
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<ul>
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<li><a name="TOC1" href="#SEC1">PCRE REGULAR EXPRESSION SYNTAX SUMMARY</a>
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<li><a name="TOC2" href="#SEC2">QUOTING</a>
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<li><a name="TOC3" href="#SEC3">CHARACTERS</a>
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<li><a name="TOC4" href="#SEC4">CHARACTER TYPES</a>
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<li><a name="TOC5" href="#SEC5">GENERAL CATEGORY PROPERTY CODES FOR \p and \P</a>
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<li><a name="TOC6" href="#SEC6">SCRIPT NAMES FOR \p AND \P</a>
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<li><a name="TOC7" href="#SEC7">CHARACTER CLASSES</a>
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<li><a name="TOC8" href="#SEC8">QUANTIFIERS</a>
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<li><a name="TOC9" href="#SEC9">ANCHORS AND SIMPLE ASSERTIONS</a>
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<li><a name="TOC10" href="#SEC10">MATCH POINT RESET</a>
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<li><a name="TOC11" href="#SEC11">ALTERNATION</a>
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<li><a name="TOC12" href="#SEC12">CAPTURING</a>
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<li><a name="TOC13" href="#SEC13">ATOMIC GROUPS</a>
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<li><a name="TOC14" href="#SEC14">COMMENT</a>
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<li><a name="TOC15" href="#SEC15">OPTION SETTING</a>
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<li><a name="TOC16" href="#SEC16">LOOKAHEAD AND LOOKBEHIND ASSERTIONS</a>
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<li><a name="TOC17" href="#SEC17">BACKREFERENCES</a>
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<li><a name="TOC18" href="#SEC18">SUBROUTINE REFERENCES (POSSIBLY RECURSIVE)</a>
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<li><a name="TOC19" href="#SEC19">CONDITIONAL PATTERNS</a>
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<li><a name="TOC20" href="#SEC20">BACKTRACKING CONTROL</a>
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<li><a name="TOC21" href="#SEC21">NEWLINE CONVENTIONS</a>
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<li><a name="TOC22" href="#SEC22">WHAT \R MATCHES</a>
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<li><a name="TOC23" href="#SEC23">CALLOUTS</a>
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<li><a name="TOC24" href="#SEC24">SEE ALSO</a>
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<li><a name="TOC25" href="#SEC25">AUTHOR</a>
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<li><a name="TOC26" href="#SEC26">REVISION</a>
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</ul>
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<br><a name="SEC1" href="#TOC1">PCRE REGULAR EXPRESSION SYNTAX SUMMARY</a><br>
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<P>
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The full syntax and semantics of the regular expressions that are supported by
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PCRE are described in the
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<a href="pcrepattern.html"><b>pcrepattern</b></a>
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documentation. This document contains just a quick-reference summary of the
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syntax.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC2" href="#TOC1">QUOTING</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  \x         where x is non-alphanumeric is a literal x
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  \Q...\E    treat enclosed characters as literal
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC3" href="#TOC1">CHARACTERS</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  \a         alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07)
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  \cx        "control-x", where x is any character
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  \e         escape (hex 1B)
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  \f         formfeed (hex 0C)
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  \n         newline (hex 0A)
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  \r         carriage return (hex 0D)
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  \t         tab (hex 09)
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  \ddd       character with octal code ddd, or backreference
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  \xhh       character with hex code hh
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  \x{hhh..}  character with hex code hhh..
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC4" href="#TOC1">CHARACTER TYPES</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  .          any character except newline;
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               in dotall mode, any character whatsoever
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  \C         one byte, even in UTF-8 mode (best avoided)
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  \d         a decimal digit
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  \D         a character that is not a decimal digit
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  \h         a horizontal whitespace character
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  \H         a character that is not a horizontal whitespace character
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  \p{<i>xx</i>}     a character with the <i>xx</i> property
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  \P{<i>xx</i>}     a character without the <i>xx</i> property
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  \R         a newline sequence
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  \s         a whitespace character
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  \S         a character that is not a whitespace character
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  \v         a vertical whitespace character
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  \V         a character that is not a vertical whitespace character
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  \w         a "word" character
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  \W         a "non-word" character
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  \X         an extended Unicode sequence
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</pre>
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In PCRE, \d, \D, \s, \S, \w, and \W recognize only ASCII characters.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC5" href="#TOC1">GENERAL CATEGORY PROPERTY CODES FOR \p and \P</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  C          Other
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  Cc         Control
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  Cf         Format
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  Cn         Unassigned
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  Co         Private use
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  Cs         Surrogate
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  L          Letter
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  Ll         Lower case letter
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  Lm         Modifier letter
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  Lo         Other letter
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  Lt         Title case letter
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  Lu         Upper case letter
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  L&         Ll, Lu, or Lt
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  M          Mark
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  Mc         Spacing mark
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  Me         Enclosing mark
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  Mn         Non-spacing mark
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  N          Number
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  Nd         Decimal number
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  Nl         Letter number
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  No         Other number
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  P          Punctuation
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  Pc         Connector punctuation
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  Pd         Dash punctuation
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  Pe         Close punctuation
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  Pf         Final punctuation
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  Pi         Initial punctuation
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  Po         Other punctuation
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  Ps         Open punctuation
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  S          Symbol
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  Sc         Currency symbol
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  Sk         Modifier symbol
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  Sm         Mathematical symbol
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  So         Other symbol
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  Z          Separator
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  Zl         Line separator
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  Zp         Paragraph separator
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  Zs         Space separator
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC6" href="#TOC1">SCRIPT NAMES FOR \p AND \P</a><br>
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<P>
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Arabic,
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Armenian,
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Balinese,
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Bengali,
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Bopomofo,
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Braille,
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Buginese,
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Buhid,
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Canadian_Aboriginal,
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Cherokee,
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Common,
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Coptic,
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Cuneiform,
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Cypriot,
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Cyrillic,
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Deseret,
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Devanagari,
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Ethiopic,
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Georgian,
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Glagolitic,
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Gothic,
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Greek,
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Gujarati,
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Gurmukhi,
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Han,
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Hangul,
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Hanunoo,
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Hebrew,
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Hiragana,
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Inherited,
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Kannada,
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Katakana,
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Kharoshthi,
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Khmer,
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Lao,
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Latin,
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Limbu,
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Linear_B,
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Malayalam,
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Mongolian,
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Myanmar,
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New_Tai_Lue,
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Nko,
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Ogham,
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Old_Italic,
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Old_Persian,
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Oriya,
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Osmanya,
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Phags_Pa,
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Phoenician,
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Runic,
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Shavian,
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Sinhala,
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Syloti_Nagri,
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Syriac,
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Tagalog,
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Tagbanwa,
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Tai_Le,
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Tamil,
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Telugu,
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Thaana,
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Thai,
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Tibetan,
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Tifinagh,
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Ugaritic,
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Yi.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC7" href="#TOC1">CHARACTER CLASSES</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  [...]       positive character class
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  [^...]      negative character class
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  [x-y]       range (can be used for hex characters)
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  [[:xxx:]]   positive POSIX named set
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  [[:^xxx:]]  negative POSIX named set
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  alnum       alphanumeric
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  alpha       alphabetic
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  ascii       0-127
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  blank       space or tab
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  cntrl       control character
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  digit       decimal digit
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  graph       printing, excluding space
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  lower       lower case letter
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  print       printing, including space
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  punct       printing, excluding alphanumeric
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  space       whitespace
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  upper       upper case letter
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  word        same as \w
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  xdigit      hexadecimal digit
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</pre>
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In PCRE, POSIX character set names recognize only ASCII characters. You can use
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\Q...\E inside a character class.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC8" href="#TOC1">QUANTIFIERS</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  ?           0 or 1, greedy
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  ?+          0 or 1, possessive
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  ??          0 or 1, lazy
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  *           0 or more, greedy
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  *+          0 or more, possessive
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  *?          0 or more, lazy
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  +           1 or more, greedy
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  ++          1 or more, possessive
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  +?          1 or more, lazy
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  {n}         exactly n
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  {n,m}       at least n, no more than m, greedy
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  {n,m}+      at least n, no more than m, possessive
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  {n,m}?      at least n, no more than m, lazy
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  {n,}        n or more, greedy
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  {n,}+       n or more, possessive
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  {n,}?       n or more, lazy
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC9" href="#TOC1">ANCHORS AND SIMPLE ASSERTIONS</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  \b          word boundary
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  \B          not a word boundary
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  ^           start of subject
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               also after internal newline in multiline mode
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  \A          start of subject
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  $           end of subject
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               also before newline at end of subject
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               also before internal newline in multiline mode
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  \Z          end of subject
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               also before newline at end of subject
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  \z          end of subject
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  \G          first matching position in subject
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC10" href="#TOC1">MATCH POINT RESET</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  \K          reset start of match
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC11" href="#TOC1">ALTERNATION</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  expr|expr|expr...
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC12" href="#TOC1">CAPTURING</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  (...)          capturing group
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  (?&#60;name&#62;...)   named capturing group (Perl)
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  (?'name'...)   named capturing group (Perl)
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  (?P&#60;name&#62;...)  named capturing group (Python)
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  (?:...)        non-capturing group
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  (?|...)        non-capturing group; reset group numbers for
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                  capturing groups in each alternative
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC13" href="#TOC1">ATOMIC GROUPS</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  (?&#62;...)        atomic, non-capturing group
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC14" href="#TOC1">COMMENT</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  (?#....)       comment (not nestable)
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC15" href="#TOC1">OPTION SETTING</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  (?i)           caseless
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  (?J)           allow duplicate names
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  (?m)           multiline
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  (?s)           single line (dotall)
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  (?U)           default ungreedy (lazy)
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  (?x)           extended (ignore white space)
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  (?-...)        unset option(s)
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC16" href="#TOC1">LOOKAHEAD AND LOOKBEHIND ASSERTIONS</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  (?=...)        positive look ahead
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  (?!...)        negative look ahead
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  (?&#60;=...)       positive look behind
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  (?&#60;!...)       negative look behind
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</pre>
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Each top-level branch of a look behind must be of a fixed length.
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC17" href="#TOC1">BACKREFERENCES</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  \n             reference by number (can be ambiguous)
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  \gn            reference by number
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  \g{n}          reference by number
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  \g{-n}         relative reference by number
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  \k&#60;name&#62;       reference by name (Perl)
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  \k'name'       reference by name (Perl)
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  \g{name}       reference by name (Perl)
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  \k{name}       reference by name (.NET)
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  (?P=name)      reference by name (Python)
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC18" href="#TOC1">SUBROUTINE REFERENCES (POSSIBLY RECURSIVE)</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  (?R)           recurse whole pattern
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   355
  (?n)           call subpattern by absolute number
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   356
  (?+n)          call subpattern by relative number
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  (?-n)          call subpattern by relative number
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  (?&name)       call subpattern by name (Perl)
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  (?P&#62;name)      call subpattern by name (Python)
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   360
  \g&#60;name&#62;       call subpattern by name (Oniguruma)
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   361
  \g'name'       call subpattern by name (Oniguruma)
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   362
  \g&#60;n&#62;          call subpattern by absolute number (Oniguruma)
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   363
  \g'n'          call subpattern by absolute number (Oniguruma)
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parents:
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   364
  \g&#60;+n&#62;         call subpattern by relative number (PCRE extension)
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parents:
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   365
  \g'+n'         call subpattern by relative number (PCRE extension)
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   366
  \g&#60;-n&#62;         call subpattern by relative number (PCRE extension)
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  \g'-n'         call subpattern by relative number (PCRE extension)
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC19" href="#TOC1">CONDITIONAL PATTERNS</a><br>
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<P>
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<pre>
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  (?(condition)yes-pattern)
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   374
  (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)
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  (?(n)...       absolute reference condition
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   377
  (?(+n)...      relative reference condition
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   378
  (?(-n)...      relative reference condition
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   379
  (?(&#60;name&#62;)...  named reference condition (Perl)
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   380
  (?('name')...  named reference condition (Perl)
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   381
  (?(name)...    named reference condition (PCRE)
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   382
  (?(R)...       overall recursion condition
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parents:
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   383
  (?(Rn)...      specific group recursion condition
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parents:
diff changeset
   384
  (?(R&name)...  specific recursion condition
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parents:
diff changeset
   385
  (?(DEFINE)...  define subpattern for reference
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
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parents:
diff changeset
   386
  (?(assert)...  assertion condition
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   387
</PRE>
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   388
</P>
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   389
<br><a name="SEC20" href="#TOC1">BACKTRACKING CONTROL</a><br>
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   390
<P>
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The following act immediately they are reached:
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<pre>
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  (*ACCEPT)      force successful match
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  (*FAIL)        force backtrack; synonym (*F)
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</pre>
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The following act only when a subsequent match failure causes a backtrack to
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reach them. They all force a match failure, but they differ in what happens
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afterwards. Those that advance the start-of-match point do so only if the
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pattern is not anchored.
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<pre>
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  (*COMMIT)      overall failure, no advance of starting point
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parents:
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  (*PRUNE)       advance to next starting character
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parents:
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   403
  (*SKIP)        advance start to current matching position
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parents:
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   404
  (*THEN)        local failure, backtrack to next alternation
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parents:
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<br><a name="SEC21" href="#TOC1">NEWLINE CONVENTIONS</a><br>
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<P>
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These are recognized only at the very start of the pattern or after a
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
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parents:
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(*BSR_...) option.
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parents:
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<pre>
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   412
  (*CR)
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   413
  (*LF)
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   414
  (*CRLF)
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Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   415
  (*ANYCRLF)
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Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   416
  (*ANY)
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
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</PRE>
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   418
</P>
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Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
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<br><a name="SEC22" href="#TOC1">WHAT \R MATCHES</a><br>
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parents:
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   420
<P>
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
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These are recognized only at the very start of the pattern or after a
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(*...) option that sets the newline convention.
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parents:
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<pre>
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  (*BSR_ANYCRLF)
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Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   425
  (*BSR_UNICODE)
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
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parents:
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</PRE>
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parents:
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   427
</P>
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parents:
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<br><a name="SEC23" href="#TOC1">CALLOUTS</a><br>
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parents:
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   429
<P>
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Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   430
<pre>
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parents:
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  (?C)      callout
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   432
  (?Cn)     callout with data n
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parents:
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   433
</PRE>
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   434
</P>
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parents:
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<br><a name="SEC24" href="#TOC1">SEE ALSO</a><br>
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Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   436
<P>
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   437
<b>pcrepattern</b>(3), <b>pcreapi</b>(3), <b>pcrecallout</b>(3),
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   438
<b>pcrematching</b>(3), <b>pcre</b>(3).
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parents:
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</P>
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
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parents:
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<br><a name="SEC25" href="#TOC1">AUTHOR</a><br>
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Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   441
<P>
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   442
Philip Hazel
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
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   443
<br>
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   444
University Computing Service
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
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parents:
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   445
<br>
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   446
Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
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parents:
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   447
<br>
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   448
</P>
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parents:
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   449
<br><a name="SEC26" href="#TOC1">REVISION</a><br>
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   450
<P>
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   451
Last updated: 09 April 2008
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
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parents:
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   452
<br>
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   453
Copyright &copy; 1997-2008 University of Cambridge.
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Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   454
<br>
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   455
<p>
7f656887cf89 First submission to Symbian Foundation staging server.
Tom Sutcliffe <thomas.sutcliffe@accenture.com>
parents:
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   456
Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE index page</a>.
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parents:
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</p>