egl/sfopenvg/riPixelPipe.cpp
branchEGL_MERGE
changeset 57 2bf8a359aa2f
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/egl/sfopenvg/riPixelPipe.cpp	Wed May 12 11:20:41 2010 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,894 @@
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * OpenVG 1.1 Reference Implementation
+ * -----------------------------------
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 The Khronos Group Inc.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ * copy of this software and /or associated documentation files
+ * (the "Materials "), to deal in the Materials without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Materials,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Materials are furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions: 
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included 
+ * in all copies or substantial portions of the Materials. 
+ *
+ * THE MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+ * DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+ * OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE MATERIALS OR
+ * THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE MATERIALS.
+ *
+ *//**
+ * \file
+ * \brief   Implementation of Paint and pixel pipe functionality.
+ * \note    
+ *//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "riPixelPipe.h"
+
+//==============================================================================================
+
+namespace OpenVGRI
+{
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Paint constructor.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+Paint::Paint() :
+    m_paintType(VG_PAINT_TYPE_COLOR),
+    m_paintColor(0,0,0,1,Color::sRGBA_PRE),
+    m_inputPaintColor(0,0,0,1,Color::sRGBA),
+    m_colorRampSpreadMode(VG_COLOR_RAMP_SPREAD_PAD),
+    m_colorRampStops(),
+    m_inputColorRampStops(),
+    m_colorRampPremultiplied(VG_TRUE),
+    m_inputLinearGradientPoint0(0,0),
+    m_inputLinearGradientPoint1(1,0),
+    m_inputRadialGradientCenter(0,0),
+    m_inputRadialGradientFocalPoint(0,0),
+    m_inputRadialGradientRadius(1.0f),
+    m_linearGradientPoint0(0,0),
+    m_linearGradientPoint1(1,0),
+    m_radialGradientCenter(0,0),
+    m_radialGradientFocalPoint(0,0),
+    m_radialGradientRadius(1.0f),
+    m_patternTilingMode(VG_TILE_FILL),
+    m_pattern(NULL),
+    m_referenceCount(0)
+{
+    Paint::GradientStop gs;
+    gs.offset = 0.0f;
+    gs.color.set(0,0,0,1,Color::sRGBA);
+    m_colorRampStops.push_back(gs); //throws bad_alloc
+    gs.offset = 1.0f;
+    gs.color.set(1,1,1,1,Color::sRGBA);
+    m_colorRampStops.push_back(gs); //throws bad_alloc
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Paint destructor.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+Paint::~Paint()
+{
+    RI_ASSERT(m_referenceCount == 0);
+    if(m_pattern)
+    {
+        m_pattern->removeInUse();
+        if(!m_pattern->removeReference())
+            RI_DELETE(m_pattern);
+    }
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    PixelPipe constructor.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+PixelPipe::PixelPipe() :
+    m_drawable(NULL),
+    m_image(NULL),
+    m_paint(NULL),
+    m_defaultPaint(),
+    m_blendMode(VG_BLEND_SRC_OVER),
+    m_imageMode(VG_DRAW_IMAGE_NORMAL),
+    m_imageQuality(VG_IMAGE_QUALITY_FASTER),
+    m_tileFillColor(0,0,0,0,Color::sRGBA),
+    m_colorTransform(false),
+    m_colorTransformValues(),
+    m_surfaceToPaintMatrix(),
+    m_surfaceToImageMatrix()
+{
+    for(int i=0;i<8;i++)
+        m_colorTransformValues[i] = (i < 4) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    PixelPipe destructor.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+PixelPipe::~PixelPipe()
+{
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Sets the rendering surface.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void PixelPipe::setDrawable(Drawable* drawable)
+{
+    RI_ASSERT(drawable);
+    m_drawable = drawable;
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Sets the blend mode.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void PixelPipe::setBlendMode(VGBlendMode blendMode)
+{
+    RI_ASSERT(blendMode >= VG_BLEND_SRC && blendMode <= VG_BLEND_ADDITIVE);
+    m_blendMode = blendMode;
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Sets the mask image. NULL disables masking.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void PixelPipe::setMask(bool masking)
+{
+    m_masking = masking;
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Sets the image to be drawn. NULL disables image drawing.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void PixelPipe::setImage(Image* image, VGImageMode imageMode)
+{
+    RI_ASSERT(imageMode == VG_DRAW_IMAGE_NORMAL || imageMode == VG_DRAW_IMAGE_MULTIPLY || imageMode == VG_DRAW_IMAGE_STENCIL);
+    m_image = image;
+    m_imageMode = imageMode;
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Sets the surface-to-paint matrix.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void PixelPipe::setSurfaceToPaintMatrix(const Matrix3x3& surfaceToPaintMatrix)
+{
+    m_surfaceToPaintMatrix = surfaceToPaintMatrix;
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Sets the surface-to-image matrix.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void PixelPipe::setSurfaceToImageMatrix(const Matrix3x3& surfaceToImageMatrix)
+{
+    m_surfaceToImageMatrix = surfaceToImageMatrix;
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Sets image quality.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void PixelPipe::setImageQuality(VGImageQuality imageQuality)
+{
+    RI_ASSERT(imageQuality == VG_IMAGE_QUALITY_NONANTIALIASED || imageQuality == VG_IMAGE_QUALITY_FASTER || imageQuality == VG_IMAGE_QUALITY_BETTER);
+    m_imageQuality = imageQuality;
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Sets fill color for VG_TILE_FILL tiling mode (pattern only).
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void PixelPipe::setTileFillColor(const Color& c)
+{
+    m_tileFillColor = c;
+    m_tileFillColor.clamp();
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Sets paint.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void PixelPipe::setPaint(const Paint* paint)
+{
+    m_paint = paint;
+    if(!m_paint)
+        m_paint = &m_defaultPaint;
+    if(m_paint->m_pattern)
+        m_tileFillColor.convert(m_paint->m_pattern->getDescriptor().internalFormat);
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Color transform.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void PixelPipe::setColorTransform(bool enable, RIfloat values[8])
+{
+    m_colorTransform = enable;
+    for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
+    {
+        m_colorTransformValues[i] = RI_CLAMP(values[i], -127.0f, 127.0f);
+        m_colorTransformValues[i+4] = RI_CLAMP(values[i+4], -1.0f, 1.0f);
+    }
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Computes the linear gradient function at (x,y).
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void PixelPipe::linearGradient(RIfloat& g, RIfloat& rho, RIfloat x, RIfloat y) const
+{
+    RI_ASSERT(m_paint);
+    Vector2 u = m_paint->m_linearGradientPoint1 - m_paint->m_linearGradientPoint0;
+    RIfloat usq = dot(u,u);
+    if( usq <= 0.0f )
+    {   //points are equal, gradient is always 1.0f
+        g = 1.0f;
+        rho = 0.0f;
+        return;
+    }
+    RIfloat oou = 1.0f / usq;
+
+    Vector2 p(x, y);
+    p = affineTransform(m_surfaceToPaintMatrix, p);
+    p -= m_paint->m_linearGradientPoint0;
+    RI_ASSERT(usq >= 0.0f);
+    g = dot(p, u) * oou;
+    RIfloat dgdx = oou * u.x * m_surfaceToPaintMatrix[0][0] + oou * u.y * m_surfaceToPaintMatrix[1][0];
+    RIfloat dgdy = oou * u.x * m_surfaceToPaintMatrix[0][1] + oou * u.y * m_surfaceToPaintMatrix[1][1];
+    rho = (RIfloat)sqrt(dgdx*dgdx + dgdy*dgdy);
+    RI_ASSERT(rho >= 0.0f);
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Computes the radial gradient function at (x,y).
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void PixelPipe::radialGradient(RIfloat &g, RIfloat &rho, RIfloat x, RIfloat y) const
+{
+    RI_ASSERT(m_paint);
+    if( m_paint->m_radialGradientRadius <= 0.0f )
+    {
+        g = 1.0f;
+        rho = 0.0f;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    RIfloat r = m_paint->m_radialGradientRadius;
+    Vector2 c = m_paint->m_radialGradientCenter;
+    Vector2 f = m_paint->m_radialGradientFocalPoint;
+    Vector2 gx(m_surfaceToPaintMatrix[0][0], m_surfaceToPaintMatrix[1][0]);
+    Vector2 gy(m_surfaceToPaintMatrix[0][1], m_surfaceToPaintMatrix[1][1]);
+
+    Vector2 fp = f - c;
+
+    //clamp the focal point inside the gradient circle
+    RIfloat fpLen = fp.length();
+    if( fpLen > 0.999f * r )
+        fp *= 0.999f * r / fpLen;
+
+    RIfloat D = -1.0f / (dot(fp,fp) - r*r);
+    Vector2 p(x, y);
+    p = affineTransform(m_surfaceToPaintMatrix, p) - c;
+    Vector2 d = p - fp;
+    RIfloat s = (RIfloat)sqrt(r*r*dot(d,d) - RI_SQR(p.x*fp.y - p.y*fp.x));
+    g = (dot(fp,d) + s) * D;
+    if(RI_ISNAN(g))
+        g = 0.0f;
+    RIfloat dgdx = D*dot(fp,gx) + (r*r*dot(d,gx) - (gx.x*fp.y - gx.y*fp.x)*(p.x*fp.y - p.y*fp.x)) * (D / s);
+    RIfloat dgdy = D*dot(fp,gy) + (r*r*dot(d,gy) - (gy.x*fp.y - gy.y*fp.x)*(p.x*fp.y - p.y*fp.x)) * (D / s);
+    rho = (RIfloat)sqrt(dgdx*dgdx + dgdy*dgdy);
+    if(RI_ISNAN(rho))
+        rho = 0.0f;
+    RI_ASSERT(rho >= 0.0f);
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Returns the average color within an offset range in the color ramp.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static Color readStopColor(const Array<Paint::GradientStop>& colorRampStops, int i, VGboolean colorRampPremultiplied)
+{
+    RI_ASSERT(i >= 0 && i < colorRampStops.size());
+    Color c = colorRampStops[i].color;
+    RI_ASSERT(c.getInternalFormat() == Color::sRGBA);
+    if(colorRampPremultiplied)
+        c.premultiply();
+    return c;
+}
+
+Color PixelPipe::integrateColorRamp(RIfloat gmin, RIfloat gmax) const
+{
+    RI_ASSERT(gmin <= gmax);
+    RI_ASSERT(gmin >= 0.0f && gmin <= 1.0f);
+    RI_ASSERT(gmax >= 0.0f && gmax <= 1.0f);
+    RI_ASSERT(m_paint->m_colorRampStops.size() >= 2);   //there are at least two stops
+
+    Color c(0,0,0,0,m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied ? Color::sRGBA_PRE : Color::sRGBA);
+    if(gmin == 1.0f || gmax == 0.0f)
+        return c;
+
+    int i=0;
+    for(;i<m_paint->m_colorRampStops.size()-1;i++)
+    {
+        if(gmin >= m_paint->m_colorRampStops[i].offset && gmin < m_paint->m_colorRampStops[i+1].offset)
+        {
+            RIfloat s = m_paint->m_colorRampStops[i].offset;
+            RIfloat e = m_paint->m_colorRampStops[i+1].offset;
+            RI_ASSERT(s < e);
+            RIfloat g = (gmin - s) / (e - s);
+
+            Color sc = readStopColor(m_paint->m_colorRampStops, i, m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied);
+            Color ec = readStopColor(m_paint->m_colorRampStops, i+1, m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied);
+            Color rc = (1.0f-g) * sc + g * ec;
+
+            //subtract the average color from the start of the stop to gmin
+            c -= 0.5f*(gmin - s)*(sc + rc);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for(;i<m_paint->m_colorRampStops.size()-1;i++)
+    {
+        RIfloat s = m_paint->m_colorRampStops[i].offset;
+        RIfloat e = m_paint->m_colorRampStops[i+1].offset;
+        RI_ASSERT(s <= e);
+
+        Color sc = readStopColor(m_paint->m_colorRampStops, i, m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied);
+        Color ec = readStopColor(m_paint->m_colorRampStops, i+1, m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied);
+
+        //average of the stop
+        c += 0.5f*(e-s)*(sc + ec);
+
+        if(gmax >= m_paint->m_colorRampStops[i].offset && gmax < m_paint->m_colorRampStops[i+1].offset)
+        {
+            RIfloat g = (gmax - s) / (e - s);
+            Color rc = (1.0f-g) * sc + g * ec;
+
+            //subtract the average color from gmax to the end of the stop
+            c -= 0.5f*(e - gmax)*(rc + ec);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return c;
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Maps a gradient function value to a color.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+Color PixelPipe::colorRamp(RIfloat gradient, RIfloat rho) const
+{
+    RI_ASSERT(m_paint);
+    RI_ASSERT(rho >= 0.0f);
+
+    Color c(0,0,0,0,m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied ? Color::sRGBA_PRE : Color::sRGBA);
+    Color avg;
+
+    if(rho == 0.0f)
+    {   //filter size is zero or gradient is degenerate
+        switch(m_paint->m_colorRampSpreadMode)
+        {
+        case VG_COLOR_RAMP_SPREAD_PAD:
+            gradient = RI_CLAMP(gradient, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+            break;
+        case VG_COLOR_RAMP_SPREAD_REFLECT:
+        {
+            RIfloat g = RI_MOD(gradient, 2.0f);
+            gradient = (g < 1.0f) ? g : 2.0f - g;
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            RI_ASSERT(m_paint->m_colorRampSpreadMode == VG_COLOR_RAMP_SPREAD_REPEAT);
+            gradient = gradient - (RIfloat)floor(gradient);
+            break;
+        }
+        RI_ASSERT(gradient >= 0.0f && gradient <= 1.0f);
+
+        for(int i=0;i<m_paint->m_colorRampStops.size()-1;i++)
+        {
+            if(gradient >= m_paint->m_colorRampStops[i].offset && gradient < m_paint->m_colorRampStops[i+1].offset)
+            {
+                RIfloat s = m_paint->m_colorRampStops[i].offset;
+                RIfloat e = m_paint->m_colorRampStops[i+1].offset;
+                RI_ASSERT(s < e);
+                RIfloat g = RI_CLAMP((gradient - s) / (e - s), 0.0f, 1.0f); //clamp needed due to numerical inaccuracies
+
+                Color sc = readStopColor(m_paint->m_colorRampStops, i, m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied);
+                Color ec = readStopColor(m_paint->m_colorRampStops, i+1, m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied);
+                return (1.0f-g) * sc + g * ec;  //return interpolated value
+            }
+        }
+        return readStopColor(m_paint->m_colorRampStops, m_paint->m_colorRampStops.size()-1, m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied);
+    }
+
+    RIfloat gmin = gradient - rho*0.5f;         //filter starting from the gradient point (if starts earlier, radial gradient center will be an average of the first and the last stop, which doesn't look good)
+    RIfloat gmax = gradient + rho*0.5f;
+
+    switch(m_paint->m_colorRampSpreadMode)
+    {
+    case VG_COLOR_RAMP_SPREAD_PAD:
+    {
+        if(gmin < 0.0f)
+            c += (RI_MIN(gmax, 0.0f) - gmin) * readStopColor(m_paint->m_colorRampStops, 0, m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied);
+        if(gmax > 1.0f)
+            c += (gmax - RI_MAX(gmin, 1.0f)) * readStopColor(m_paint->m_colorRampStops, m_paint->m_colorRampStops.size()-1, m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied);
+        gmin = RI_CLAMP(gmin, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+        gmax = RI_CLAMP(gmax, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+        c += integrateColorRamp(gmin, gmax);
+        c *= 1.0f/rho;
+        c.clamp();  //clamp needed due to numerical inaccuracies
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    case VG_COLOR_RAMP_SPREAD_REFLECT:
+    {
+        avg = integrateColorRamp(0.0f, 1.0f);
+        RIfloat gmini = (RIfloat)floor(gmin);
+        RIfloat gmaxi = (RIfloat)floor(gmax);
+        c = (gmaxi + 1.0f - gmini) * avg;       //full ramps
+
+        //subtract beginning
+        if(((int)gmini) & 1)
+            c -= integrateColorRamp(RI_CLAMP(1.0f - (gmin - gmini), 0.0f, 1.0f), 1.0f);
+        else
+            c -= integrateColorRamp(0.0f, RI_CLAMP(gmin - gmini, 0.0f, 1.0f));
+
+        //subtract end
+        if(((int)gmaxi) & 1)
+            c -= integrateColorRamp(0.0f, RI_CLAMP(1.0f - (gmax - gmaxi), 0.0f, 1.0f));
+        else
+            c -= integrateColorRamp(RI_CLAMP(gmax - gmaxi, 0.0f, 1.0f), 1.0f);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+    {
+        RI_ASSERT(m_paint->m_colorRampSpreadMode == VG_COLOR_RAMP_SPREAD_REPEAT);
+        avg = integrateColorRamp(0.0f, 1.0f);
+        RIfloat gmini = (RIfloat)floor(gmin);
+        RIfloat gmaxi = (RIfloat)floor(gmax);
+        c = (gmaxi + 1.0f - gmini) * avg;       //full ramps
+        c -= integrateColorRamp(0.0f, RI_CLAMP(gmin - gmini, 0.0f, 1.0f));  //subtract beginning
+        c -= integrateColorRamp(RI_CLAMP(gmax - gmaxi, 0.0f, 1.0f), 1.0f);  //subtract end
+        break;
+    }
+    }
+
+    //divide color by the length of the range
+    c *= 1.0f / rho;
+    c.clamp();  //clamp needed due to numerical inaccuracies
+
+    //hide aliasing by fading to the average color
+    const RIfloat fadeStart = 0.5f;
+    const RIfloat fadeMultiplier = 2.0f;    //the larger, the earlier fade to average is done
+
+    if(rho < fadeStart)
+        return c;
+
+    RIfloat ratio = RI_MIN((rho - fadeStart) * fadeMultiplier, 1.0f);
+    return ratio * avg + (1.0f - ratio) * c;
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Computes blend.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note     premultiplied blending formulas
+            //src
+            a = asrc
+            r = rsrc
+            //src over
+            a = asrc + adst * (1-asrc)
+            r = rsrc + rdst * (1-asrc)
+            //dst over
+            a = asrc * (1-adst) + adst
+            r = rsrc * (1-adst) + adst
+            //src in
+            a = asrc * adst
+            r = rsrc * adst
+            //dst in
+            a = adst * asrc
+            r = rdst * asrc
+            //multiply
+            a = asrc + adst * (1-asrc)
+            r = rsrc * (1-adst) + rdst * (1-asrc) + rsrc * rdst
+            //screen
+            a = asrc + adst * (1-asrc)
+            r = rsrc + rdst - rsrc * rdst
+            //darken
+            a = asrc + adst * (1-asrc)
+            r = MIN(rsrc + rdst * (1-asrc), rdst + rsrc * (1-adst))
+            //lighten
+            a = asrc + adst * (1-asrc)
+            r = MAX(rsrc + rdst * (1-asrc), rdst + rsrc * (1-adst))
+            //additive
+            a = MIN(asrc+adst,1)
+            r = rsrc + rdst
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+Color PixelPipe::blend(const Color& s, RIfloat ar, RIfloat ag, RIfloat ab, const Color& d, VGBlendMode blendMode) const
+{
+    //apply blending in the premultiplied format
+    Color r(0,0,0,0,d.getInternalFormat());
+    RI_ASSERT(s.a >= 0.0f && s.a <= 1.0f);
+    RI_ASSERT(s.r >= 0.0f && s.r <= s.a && s.r <= ar);
+    RI_ASSERT(s.g >= 0.0f && s.g <= s.a && s.g <= ag);
+    RI_ASSERT(s.b >= 0.0f && s.b <= s.a && s.b <= ab);
+    RI_ASSERT(d.a >= 0.0f && d.a <= 1.0f);
+    RI_ASSERT(d.r >= 0.0f && d.r <= d.a);
+    RI_ASSERT(d.g >= 0.0f && d.g <= d.a);
+    RI_ASSERT(d.b >= 0.0f && d.b <= d.a);
+    switch(blendMode)
+    {
+    case VG_BLEND_SRC:
+        r = s;
+        break;
+
+    case VG_BLEND_SRC_OVER:
+        r.r = s.r + d.r * (1.0f - ar);
+        r.g = s.g + d.g * (1.0f - ag);
+        r.b = s.b + d.b * (1.0f - ab);
+        r.a = s.a + d.a * (1.0f - s.a);
+        break;
+
+    case VG_BLEND_DST_OVER:
+        r.r = s.r * (1.0f - d.a) + d.r;
+        r.g = s.g * (1.0f - d.a) + d.g;
+        r.b = s.b * (1.0f - d.a) + d.b;
+        r.a = s.a * (1.0f - d.a) + d.a;
+        break;
+
+    case VG_BLEND_SRC_IN:
+        r.r = s.r * d.a;
+        r.g = s.g * d.a;
+        r.b = s.b * d.a;
+        r.a = s.a * d.a;
+        break;
+
+    case VG_BLEND_DST_IN:
+        r.r = d.r * ar;
+        r.g = d.g * ag;
+        r.b = d.b * ab;
+        r.a = d.a * s.a;
+        break;
+
+    case VG_BLEND_MULTIPLY:
+        r.r = s.r * (1.0f - d.a + d.r) + d.r * (1.0f - ar);
+        r.g = s.g * (1.0f - d.a + d.g) + d.g * (1.0f - ag);
+        r.b = s.b * (1.0f - d.a + d.b) + d.b * (1.0f - ab);
+        r.a = s.a + d.a * (1.0f - s.a);
+        break;
+
+    case VG_BLEND_SCREEN:
+        r.r = s.r + d.r * (1.0f - s.r);
+        r.g = s.g + d.g * (1.0f - s.g);
+        r.b = s.b + d.b * (1.0f - s.b);
+        r.a = s.a + d.a * (1.0f - s.a);
+        break;
+
+    case VG_BLEND_DARKEN:
+        r.r = RI_MIN(s.r + d.r * (1.0f - ar), d.r + s.r * (1.0f - d.a));
+        r.g = RI_MIN(s.g + d.g * (1.0f - ag), d.g + s.g * (1.0f - d.a));
+        r.b = RI_MIN(s.b + d.b * (1.0f - ab), d.b + s.b * (1.0f - d.a));
+        r.a = s.a + d.a * (1.0f - s.a);
+        break;
+
+    case VG_BLEND_LIGHTEN:
+        r.r = RI_MAX(s.r + d.r * (1.0f - ar), d.r + s.r * (1.0f - d.a));
+        r.g = RI_MAX(s.g + d.g * (1.0f - ag), d.g + s.g * (1.0f - d.a));
+        r.b = RI_MAX(s.b + d.b * (1.0f - ab), d.b + s.b * (1.0f - d.a));
+        //although the statement below is equivalent to r.a = s.a + d.a * (1.0f - s.a)
+        //in practice there can be a very slight difference because
+        //of the max operation in the blending formula that may cause color to exceed alpha.
+        //Because of this, we compute the result both ways and return the maximum.
+        r.a = RI_MAX(s.a + d.a * (1.0f - s.a), d.a + s.a * (1.0f - d.a));
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        RI_ASSERT(blendMode == VG_BLEND_ADDITIVE);
+        r.r = RI_MIN(s.r + d.r, 1.0f);
+        r.g = RI_MIN(s.g + d.g, 1.0f);
+        r.b = RI_MIN(s.b + d.b, 1.0f);
+        r.a = RI_MIN(s.a + d.a, 1.0f);
+        break;
+    }
+    return r;
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Applies color transform.
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void PixelPipe::colorTransform(Color& c) const
+{
+    if(m_colorTransform)
+    {
+        c.unpremultiply();
+        c.luminanceToRGB();
+        c.r = c.r * m_colorTransformValues[0] + m_colorTransformValues[4];
+        c.g = c.g * m_colorTransformValues[1] + m_colorTransformValues[5];
+        c.b = c.b * m_colorTransformValues[2] + m_colorTransformValues[6];
+        c.a = c.a * m_colorTransformValues[3] + m_colorTransformValues[7];
+        c.clamp();
+        c.premultiply();
+    }
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*//*!
+* \brief    Applies paint, image drawing, masking and blending at pixel (x,y).
+* \param    
+* \return   
+* \note
+*//*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+void PixelPipe::pixelPipe(int x, int y, RIfloat coverage, unsigned int sampleMask) const
+{
+    RI_ASSERT(m_drawable);
+    RI_ASSERT(sampleMask);
+    RI_ASSERT(coverage > 0.0f);
+    Color::InternalFormat dstFormat = (Color::InternalFormat)(m_drawable->getDescriptor().internalFormat | Color::PREMULTIPLIED);
+
+    //evaluate paint
+    RI_ASSERT(m_paint);
+    Color s;
+    switch(m_paint->m_paintType)
+    {
+    case VG_PAINT_TYPE_COLOR:
+        s = m_paint->m_paintColor;
+        break;
+
+    case VG_PAINT_TYPE_LINEAR_GRADIENT:
+    {
+        RIfloat g, rho;
+        linearGradient(g, rho, x+0.5f, y+0.5f);
+        s = colorRamp(g, rho);
+        RI_ASSERT((s.getInternalFormat() == Color::sRGBA && !m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied) || (s.getInternalFormat() == Color::sRGBA_PRE && m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied));
+        s.premultiply();
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case VG_PAINT_TYPE_RADIAL_GRADIENT:
+    {
+        RIfloat g, rho;
+        radialGradient(g, rho, x+0.5f, y+0.5f);
+        s = colorRamp(g, rho);
+        RI_ASSERT((s.getInternalFormat() == Color::sRGBA && !m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied) || (s.getInternalFormat() == Color::sRGBA_PRE && m_paint->m_colorRampPremultiplied));
+        s.premultiply();
+        break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+        RI_ASSERT(m_paint->m_paintType == VG_PAINT_TYPE_PATTERN);
+        if(m_paint->m_pattern)
+            s = m_paint->m_pattern->resample(x+0.5f, y+0.5f, m_surfaceToPaintMatrix, m_imageQuality, m_paint->m_patternTilingMode, m_tileFillColor);
+        else
+            s = m_paint->m_paintColor;
+        break;
+    }
+    s.assertConsistency();
+
+    //apply image (vgDrawImage only)
+    //1. paint: convert paint to dst space
+    //2. image: convert image to dst space
+    //3. paint MULTIPLY image: convert paint to image number of channels, multiply with image, and convert to dst
+    //4. paint STENCIL image: convert paint to dst, convert image to dst number of channels, multiply
+
+    //color transform:
+    //paint => transform paint color
+    //image normal => transform image color
+    //image multiply => transform paint*image color
+    //image stencil => transform paint color
+
+    RIfloat ar = 0.0f, ag = 0.0f, ab = 0.0f;
+    if(m_image)
+    {
+        Color im = m_image->resample(x+0.5f, y+0.5f, m_surfaceToImageMatrix, m_imageQuality, VG_TILE_PAD, Color(0,0,0,0,m_image->getDescriptor().internalFormat));
+        im.assertConsistency();
+
+        switch(m_imageMode)
+        {
+        case VG_DRAW_IMAGE_NORMAL:
+            s = im;
+            colorTransform(s);
+            ar = s.a;
+            ag = s.a;
+            ab = s.a;
+            s.convert(dstFormat);   //convert image color to destination color space
+            break;
+        case VG_DRAW_IMAGE_MULTIPLY:
+            //the result will be in image color space, except when paint is RGB and image is L the result will be RGB.
+            //paint == RGB && image == RGB: RGB*RGB
+            //paint == RGB && image == L  : RGB*LLL
+            //paint == L   && image == RGB: LLL*RGB
+            //paint == L   && image == L  : L*L
+            RI_ASSERT(m_surfaceToPaintMatrix.isAffine());
+            if(!s.isLuminance() && im.isLuminance())
+                im.convert((Color::InternalFormat)(im.getInternalFormat() & ~Color::LUMINANCE));
+            im.r *= s.r;
+            im.g *= s.g;
+            im.b *= s.b;
+            im.a *= s.a;
+            s = im;     //use image color space
+            colorTransform(s);
+            ar = s.a;
+            ag = s.a;
+            ab = s.a;
+            s.convert(dstFormat);   //convert resulting color to destination color space
+            break;
+        default:
+            //the result will be in paint color space.
+            //dst == RGB && image == RGB: RGB*RGB
+            //dst == RGB && image == L  : RGB*LLL
+            //dst == L   && image == RGB: L*(0.2126 R + 0.7152 G + 0.0722 B)
+            //dst == L   && image == L  : L*L
+            RI_ASSERT(m_imageMode == VG_DRAW_IMAGE_STENCIL);
+            if(dstFormat & Color::LUMINANCE && !im.isLuminance())
+            {
+                im.r = im.g = im.b = RI_MIN(0.2126f*im.r + 0.7152f*im.g + 0.0722f*im.b, im.a);
+            }
+            RI_ASSERT(m_surfaceToPaintMatrix.isAffine());
+            //s and im are both in premultiplied format. Each image channel acts as an alpha channel.
+            colorTransform(s);
+            s.convert(dstFormat);   //convert paint color to destination space already here, since convert cannot deal with per channel alphas used in this mode.
+            //compute per channel alphas
+            ar = s.a * im.r;
+            ag = s.a * im.g;
+            ab = s.a * im.b;
+            //premultiply each channel by per channel alphas from the image
+            s.r *= im.r;
+            s.g *= im.g;
+            s.b *= im.b;
+            s.a *= im.a;
+            //in nonpremultiplied form the result is
+            // s.rgb = paint.a * paint.rgb * image.a * image.rgb
+            // s.a = paint.a * image.a
+            // argb = paint.a * image.a * image.rgb
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {    //paint only
+        colorTransform(s);
+        ar = s.a;
+        ag = s.a;
+        ab = s.a;
+        s.convert(dstFormat);   //convert paint color to destination color space
+    }
+    RI_ASSERT(s.getInternalFormat() == Color::lRGBA_PRE || s.getInternalFormat() == Color::sRGBA_PRE || s.getInternalFormat() == Color::lLA_PRE || s.getInternalFormat() == Color::sLA_PRE);
+    s.assertConsistency();
+
+    Surface* colorBuffer = m_drawable->getColorBuffer();
+    Surface* maskBuffer = m_drawable->getMaskBuffer();
+    RI_ASSERT(colorBuffer);
+
+    if(m_drawable->getNumSamples() == 1)
+    {   //coverage-based antialiasing
+        RIfloat cov = coverage;
+        if(m_masking && maskBuffer)
+        {
+            cov *= maskBuffer->readMaskCoverage(x, y);
+            if(cov == 0.0f)
+                return;
+        }
+
+        //read destination color
+        Color d = colorBuffer->readSample(x, y, 0);
+        d.premultiply();
+        RI_ASSERT(dstFormat == Color::lRGBA_PRE || dstFormat == Color::sRGBA_PRE || dstFormat == Color::lLA_PRE || dstFormat == Color::sLA_PRE);
+
+        //blend
+        Color r = blend(s, ar, ag, ab, d, m_blendMode);
+
+        //apply antialiasing in linear color space
+        Color::InternalFormat aaFormat = (dstFormat & Color::LUMINANCE) ? Color::lLA_PRE : Color::lRGBA_PRE;
+        r.convert(aaFormat);
+        d.convert(aaFormat);
+        r = r * cov + d * (1.0f - cov);
+
+        //write result to the destination surface
+        r.convert(colorBuffer->getDescriptor().internalFormat);
+        colorBuffer->writeSample(x, y, 0, r);
+    }
+    else
+    {   //multisampling FSAA
+        if(m_masking && maskBuffer)
+        {
+            sampleMask &= maskBuffer->readMaskMSAA(x, y);
+            if(!sampleMask)
+                return;
+        }
+
+        {
+            for(int i=0;i<m_drawable->getNumSamples();i++)
+            {
+                if(sampleMask & (1<<i)) //1-bit coverage
+                {
+                    //read destination color
+                    Color d = colorBuffer->readSample(x, y, i);
+
+                    d.premultiply();
+                    RI_ASSERT(dstFormat == Color::lRGBA_PRE || dstFormat == Color::sRGBA_PRE || dstFormat == Color::lLA_PRE || dstFormat == Color::sLA_PRE);
+
+                    //blend
+                    Color r = blend(s, ar, ag, ab, d, m_blendMode);
+
+                    //write result to the destination surface
+                    r.convert(colorBuffer->getDescriptor().internalFormat);
+                    colorBuffer->writeSample(x, y, i, r);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//=======================================================================
+    
+}   //namespace OpenVGRI