FCL/sf/os/persistentdata: comparison persistentstorage/sqlite3api/SQLite/sqliteInt.h

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+/*
+** 2001 September 15
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
+**
+** @(#) $Id: sqliteInt.h,v 1.773 2008/10/02 13:50:56 danielk1977 Exp $
+*/
+#ifndef _SQLITEINT_H_
+#define _SQLITEINT_H_
+/*
+** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
+** autoconf-based build
+*/
+#ifdef _HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+#include "sqliteLimit.h"
+/* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
+#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
+#pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
+#pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
+#pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
+#pragma warn -spa /* Suspicous pointer arithmetic */
+#endif
+/* Needed for various definitions... */
+#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+# define _GNU_SOURCE
+#endif
+/*
+** Include standard header files as necessary
+*/
+#ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#endif
+/*
+** A macro used to aid in coverage testing.  When doing coverage
+** testing, the condition inside the argument must be evaluated
+** both true and false in order to get full branch coverage.
+** This macro can be inserted to ensure adequate test coverage
+** in places where simple condition/decision coverage is inadequate.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
+void sqlite3Coverage(int);
+# define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
+#else
+# define testcase(X)
+#endif
+/*
+** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
+** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
+** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
+** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
+** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
+** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
+** hint of unplanned behavior.
+**
+** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
+** be true and false so that the unreachable code then specify will
+** not be counted as untested code.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
+# define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
+# define NEVER(X)       (0)
+#else
+# define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
+# define NEVER(X)       (X)
+#endif
+/*
+** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
+** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
+** a boolean expression that is usually true.  GCC is able to
+** use these hints to generate better code, sometimes.
+*/
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && 0
+# define likely(X)    __builtin_expect((X),1)
+# define unlikely(X)  __builtin_expect((X),0)
+#else
+# define likely(X)    !!(X)
+# define unlikely(X)  !!(X)
+#endif
+/*
+* This macro is used to "hide" some ugliness in casting an int
+* value to a ptr value under the MSVC 64-bit compiler.   Casting
+* non 64-bit values to ptr types results in a "hard" error with
+* the MSVC 64-bit compiler which this attempts to avoid.
+*
+* A simple compiler pragma or casting sequence could not be found
+* to correct this in all situations, so this macro was introduced.
+*
+* It could be argued that the intptr_t type could be used in this
+* case, but that type is not available on all compilers, or
+* requires the #include of specific headers which differs between
+* platforms.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)   ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
+#define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)   ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
+/*
+** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on Posix if the
+** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
+** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
+**
+** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
+** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
+** code in all source files.
+**
+** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
+** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
+** on a recent machine (ex: RedHat 7.2) but you want your code to work
+** on an older machine (ex: RedHat 6.0).  If you compile on RedHat 7.2
+** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
+** in RedHat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
+** portability you should omit LFS.
+**
+** Similar is true for MacOS.  LFS is only supported on MacOS 9 and later.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
+# define _LARGE_FILE       1
+# ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
+#   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
+# endif
+# define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
+#endif
+/*
+** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as either 0 or 1.
+** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
+** We support that for legacy
+*/
+#if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
+#if defined(THREADSAFE)
+# define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
+#else
+# define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1
+#endif
+#endif
+/*
+** The SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS macro must be defined as either 0 or 1.
+** It determines whether or not the features related to
+** SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS are availabe by default or not. This value can
+** be overridden at runtime using the sqlite3_config() API.
+*/
+#if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
+# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
+#endif
+/*
+** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
+** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
+**
+**     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
+**     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
+**     SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE            // internal allocator #1
+**     SQLITE_MMAP_HEAP_SIZE         // internal mmap() allocator
+**     SQLITE_POW2_MEMORY_SIZE       // internal power-of-two allocator
+**
+** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
+** the default.
+*/
+#if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC)+defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)+\
+defined(SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE)+defined(SQLITE_MMAP_HEAP_SIZE)+\
+defined(SQLITE_POW2_MEMORY_SIZE)>1
+# error "At most one of the following compile-time configuration options\
+is allows: SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG, SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE,\
+SQLITE_MMAP_HEAP_SIZE, SQLITE_POW2_MEMORY_SIZE"
+#endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC)+defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)+\
+defined(SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE)+defined(SQLITE_MMAP_HEAP_SIZE)+\
+defined(SQLITE_POW2_MEMORY_SIZE)==0
+# define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
+#endif
+/*
+** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is defined, then try to keep the
+** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
+*/
+#if defined(SQLITE_POW2_MEMORY_SIZE) && !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
+# define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
+#endif
+/*
+** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
+** recursive mutexes on most unix systems.  But Mac OS X is different.
+** The _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X we are told,
+** so it is omitted there.  See ticket #2673.
+**
+** Later we learn that _XOPEN_SOURCE is poorly or incorrectly
+** implemented on some systems.  So we avoid defining it at all
+** if it is already defined or if it is unneeded because we are
+** not doing a threadsafe build.  Ticket #2681.
+**
+** See also ticket #2741.
+*/
+#if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE
+#  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500  /* Needed to enable pthread recursive mutexes */
+#endif
+/*
+** The TCL headers are only needed when compiling the TCL bindings.
+*/
+#if defined(SQLITE_TCL) || defined(TCLSH)
+# include "tcl.h"
+#endif
+/*
+** Many people are failing to set -DNDEBUG=1 when compiling SQLite.
+** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and run faster.  So the following
+** lines are added to automatically set NDEBUG unless the -DSQLITE_DEBUG=1
+** option is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
+** feature.
+*/
+#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
+# define NDEBUG 1
+#endif
+#include "sqlite3.h"
+#include "hash.h"
+#include "parse.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+/*
+** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
+** substitute integer for floating-point
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
+# define double sqlite_int64
+# define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
+# ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
+#   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (0x7fffffffffffffff)
+# endif
+# define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
+# define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
+# undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
+# define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
+#endif
+/*
+** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
+** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
+** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
+#define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
+#else
+#define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
+#endif
+/*
+** If the following macro is set to 1, then NULL values are considered
+** distinct when determining whether or not two entries are the same
+** in a UNIQUE index.  This is the way PostgreSQL, Oracle, DB2, MySQL,
+** OCELOT, and Firebird all work.  The SQL92 spec explicitly says this
+** is the way things are suppose to work.
+**
+** If the following macro is set to 0, the NULLs are indistinct for
+** a UNIQUE index.  In this mode, you can only have a single NULL entry
+** for a column declared UNIQUE.  This is the way Informix and SQL Server
+** work.
+*/
+#define NULL_DISTINCT_FOR_UNIQUE 1
+/*
+** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
+** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
+** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
+** that the library can read.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
+#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
+# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 1
+#endif
+/*
+** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
+** on the command-line
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
+# define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
+#endif
+/*
+** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
+** ourselves.
+*/
+#ifndef offsetof
+#define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
+#endif
+/*
+** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
+** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
+*/
+#if 'A' == '\301'
+# define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
+#else
+# define SQLITE_ASCII 1
+#endif
+/*
+** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
+** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
+** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
+**
+**         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
+*/
+#ifndef UINT32_TYPE
+# ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
+#  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
+# else
+#  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT16_TYPE
+# ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
+#  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
+# else
+#  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifndef INT16_TYPE
+# ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
+#  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
+# else
+#  define INT16_TYPE short int
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT8_TYPE
+# ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
+#  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
+# else
+#  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifndef INT8_TYPE
+# ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
+#  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
+# else
+#  define INT8_TYPE signed char
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
+# define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
+#endif
+typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
+typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
+typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
+typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
+typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
+typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
+typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
+/*
+** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
+** evaluated at runtime.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
+const int sqlite3one;
+#else
+extern const int sqlite3one;
+#endif
+#if defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86)
+# define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
+# define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
+# define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
+#else
+# define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
+# define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
+# define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
+#endif
+/*
+** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
+** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
+** compilers.
+*/
+#define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
+#define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
+/*
+** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
+** callback for a given sqlite handle.
+**
+** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
+** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
+** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
+** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
+*/
+typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
+struct BusyHandler {
+int (*xFunc)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
+void *pArg;                /* First arg to busy callback */
+int nBusy;                 /* Incremented with each busy call */
+};
+/*
+** Name of the master database table.  The master database table
+** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
+** user tables and indices.
+*/
+#define MASTER_NAME       "sqlite_master"
+#define TEMP_MASTER_NAME  "sqlite_temp_master"
+/*
+** The root-page of the master database table.
+*/
+#define MASTER_ROOT       1
+/*
+** The name of the schema table.
+*/
+#define SCHEMA_TABLE(x)  ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
+/*
+** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
+** an array.
+*/
+#define ArraySize(X)    (sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0]))
+/*
+** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
+** This is an internal extension to SQLITE_STATIC and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3DbFree)
+/*
+** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
+** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
+** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
+** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
+** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
+** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
+** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
+** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
+** for the run-time allocated buffer.
+**
+** In the usually case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
+** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
+#define SQLITE_WSD const
+#define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
+#define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
+#else
+#define SQLITE_WSD
+#define GLOBAL(t,v) v
+#define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
+#endif
+/*
+** Forward references to structures
+*/
+typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
+typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
+typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
+typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
+typedef struct Column Column;
+typedef struct Db Db;
+typedef struct Schema Schema;
+typedef struct Expr Expr;
+typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
+typedef struct FKey FKey;
+typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
+typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
+typedef struct IdList IdList;
+typedef struct Index Index;
+typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
+typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
+typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
+typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
+typedef struct Module Module;
+typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
+typedef struct Parse Parse;
+typedef struct Select Select;
+typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
+typedef struct StrAccum StrAccum;
+typedef struct Table Table;
+typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
+typedef struct Token Token;
+typedef struct TriggerStack TriggerStack;
+typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
+typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
+typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
+typedef struct Walker Walker;
+typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
+typedef struct WhereLevel WhereLevel;
+/*
+** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
+** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
+** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
+*/
+#include "btree.h"
+#include "vdbe.h"
+#include "pager.h"
+#include "pcache.h"
+#include "os.h"
+#include "mutex.h"
+/*
+** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
+** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
+** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
+** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
+** databases may be attached.
+*/
+struct Db {
+char *zName;         /* Name of this database */
+Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
+u8 inTrans;          /* 0: not writable.  1: Transaction.  2: Checkpoint */
+u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at synching data to disk */
+void *pAux;               /* Auxiliary data.  Usually NULL */
+void (*xFreeAux)(void*);  /* Routine to free pAux */
+Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
+};
+/*
+** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
+**
+** If there are no virtual tables configured in this schema, the
+** Schema.db variable is set to NULL. After the first virtual table
+** has been added, it is set to point to the database connection
+** used to create the connection. Once a virtual table has been
+** added to the Schema structure and the Schema.db variable populated,
+** only that database connection may use the Schema to prepare
+** statements.
+*/
+struct Schema {
+int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
+Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
+Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
+Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
+Hash aFKey;          /* Foreign keys indexed by to-table */
+Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
+u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
+u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
+u16 flags;           /* Flags associated with this schema */
+int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+sqlite3 *db;         /* "Owner" connection. See comment above */
+#endif
+};
+/*
+** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
+** Db.flags field.
+*/
+#define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->flags&(P))==(P))
+#define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->flags&(P))!=0)
+#define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->flags|=(P)
+#define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->flags&=~(P)
+/*
+** Allowed values for the DB.flags field.
+**
+** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
+** read into internal hash tables.
+**
+** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
+** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
+** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
+*/
+#define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
+#define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
+#define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
+/*
+** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
+** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER+1)
+/*
+** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
+** to satisify small transient memory allocation requests for objects
+** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
+** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
+** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
+** SQL statements.
+**
+** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
+** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
+** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
+** objects.
+*/
+struct Lookaside {
+u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
+u8 bEnabled;            /* True if use lookaside.  False to ignore it */
+u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
+int nOut;               /* Number of buffers currently checked out */
+int mxOut;              /* Highwater mark for nOut */
+LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
+void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
+void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
+};
+struct LookasideSlot {
+LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
+};
+/*
+** A hash table for function definitions.
+**
+** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
+** Collisions are on the FuncDef.pHash chain.
+*/
+struct FuncDefHash {
+FuncDef *a[23];       /* Hash table for functions */
+};
+/*
+** Each database is an instance of the following structure.
+**
+** The sqlite.lastRowid records the last insert rowid generated by an
+** insert statement.  Inserts on views do not affect its value.  Each
+** trigger has its own context, so that lastRowid can be updated inside
+** triggers as usual.  The previous value will be restored once the trigger
+** exits.  Upon entering a before or instead of trigger, lastRowid is no
+** longer (since after version 2.8.12) reset to -1.
+**
+** The sqlite.nChange does not count changes within triggers and keeps no
+** context.  It is reset at start of sqlite3_exec.
+** The sqlite.lsChange represents the number of changes made by the last
+** insert, update, or delete statement.  It remains constant throughout the
+** length of a statement and is then updated by OP_SetCounts.  It keeps a
+** context stack just like lastRowid so that the count of changes
+** within a trigger is not seen outside the trigger.  Changes to views do not
+** affect the value of lsChange.
+** The sqlite.csChange keeps track of the number of current changes (since
+** the last statement) and is used to update sqlite_lsChange.
+**
+** The member variables sqlite.errCode, sqlite.zErrMsg and sqlite.zErrMsg16
+** store the most recent error code and, if applicable, string. The
+** internal function sqlite3Error() is used to set these variables
+** consistently.
+*/
+struct sqlite3 {
+sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
+int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
+Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
+int flags;                    /* Miscellanous flags. See below */
+int openFlags;                /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
+int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
+int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
+u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
+u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
+u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
+u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
+u8 dfltJournalMode;           /* Default journal mode for attached dbs */
+signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
+int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
+int nTable;                   /* Number of tables in the database */
+CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* The default collating sequence (BINARY) */
+i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
+i64 priorNewRowid;            /* Last randomly generated ROWID */
+int magic;                    /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
+int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
+int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
+sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
+int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
+struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
+int iDb;                    /* When back is being initialized */
+int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
+u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
+} init;
+int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
+void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared libraray handles */
+struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
+int activeVdbeCnt;            /* Number of vdbes currently executing */
+void (*xTrace)(void*,const char*);        /* Trace function */
+void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
+void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
+void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
+void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
+int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
+void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
+void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
+void *pUpdateArg;
+void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
+void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
+void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
+void *pCollNeededArg;
+sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
+char *zErrMsg;                /* Most recent error message (UTF-8 encoded) */
+char *zErrMsg16;              /* Most recent error message (UTF-16 encoded) */
+union {
+volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
+double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
+} u1;
+Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
+int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*);
+/* Access authorization function */
+void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
+int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
+void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
+int nProgressOps;             /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
+Table *pVTab;                 /* vtab with active Connect/Create method */
+sqlite3_vtab **aVTrans;       /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
+int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
+#endif
+FuncDefHash aFunc;            /* Hash table of connection functions */
+Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
+BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
+int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
+Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
+#ifdef SQLITE_SSE
+sqlite3_stmt *pFetch;         /* Used by SSE to fetch stored statements */
+#endif
+};
+/*
+** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
+*/
+#define ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
+/*
+** Possible values for the sqlite.flags and or Db.flags fields.
+**
+** On sqlite.flags, the SQLITE_InTrans value means that we have
+** executed a BEGIN.  On Db.flags, SQLITE_InTrans means a statement
+** transaction is active on that particular database file.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x00000001  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
+#define SQLITE_InTrans        0x00000008  /* True if in a transaction */
+#define SQLITE_InternChanges  0x00000010  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
+#define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000020  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
+#define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
+#define SQLITE_CountRows      0x00000080  /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
+/*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
+/*   the count using a callback. */
+#define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
+/*   result set is empty */
+#define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x00000200  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
+#define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x00000400  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
+#define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000800  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
+#define SQLITE_NoReadlock     0x00001000  /* Readlocks are omitted when
+** accessing read-only databases */
+#define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00002000  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
+#define SQLITE_ReadUncommitted 0x00004000 /* For shared-cache mode */
+#define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00008000  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
+#define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00010000  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
+#define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension */
+#define SQLITE_RecoveryMode   0x00040000  /* Ignore schema errors */
+#define SQLITE_SharedCache    0x00080000  /* Cache sharing is enabled */
+#define SQLITE_Vtab           0x00100000  /* There exists a virtual table */
+/*
+** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
+** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
+** than being distinct from one another.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
+#define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED   0x9f3c2d33  /* Database is closed */
+#define SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK     0x4b771290  /* Error and awaiting close */
+#define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY     0xf03b7906  /* Database currently in use */
+#define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR    0xb5357930  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
+/*
+** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
+** structure.  A pointer to this structure is stored in the sqlite.aFunc
+** hash table.  When multiple functions have the same name, the hash table
+** points to a linked list of these structures.
+*/
+struct FuncDef {
+i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
+u8 iPrefEnc;         /* Preferred text encoding (SQLITE_UTF8, 16LE, 16BE) */
+u8 needCollSeq;      /* True if sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called */
+u8 flags;            /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
+void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
+FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
+void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* Regular function */
+void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* Aggregate step */
+void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                /* Aggregate finializer */
+char *zName;         /* SQL name of the function. */
+FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
+};
+/*
+** Possible values for FuncDef.flags
+*/
+#define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x01  /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
+#define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x02  /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
+#define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x04  /* Ephermeral.  Delete with VDBE */
+/*
+** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
+** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
+**
+**   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
+**     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
+**     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
+**     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
+**     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
+**     argument bNC is true, then the FuncDef.needCollate flag is set.
+**
+**   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
+**     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
+**     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
+**     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
+**     FUNCTION().
+**
+**   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
+**     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
+**     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
+**     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
+**     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
+**     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
+**     parameter.
+*/
+#define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
+{nArg, SQLITE_UTF8, bNC, 0, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, #zName}
+#define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
+{nArg, SQLITE_UTF8, 0, flags, (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, #zName}
+#define AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal) \
+{nArg, SQLITE_UTF8, nc, 0, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, 0, xStep,xFinal, #zName}
+/*
+** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
+** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
+** hash table.
+*/
+struct Module {
+const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
+const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
+void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
+void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
+};
+/*
+** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
+** of this structure.
+*/
+struct Column {
+char *zName;     /* Name of this column */
+Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value of this column */
+char *zType;     /* Data type for this column */
+char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
+u8 notNull;      /* True if there is a NOT NULL constraint */
+u8 isPrimKey;    /* True if this column is part of the PRIMARY KEY */
+char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+u8 isHidden;     /* True if this column is 'hidden' */
+#endif
+};
+/*
+** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
+** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
+** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
+**
+** There may two seperate implementations of the collation function, one
+** that processes text in UTF-8 encoding (CollSeq.xCmp) and another that
+** processes text encoded in UTF-16 (CollSeq.xCmp16), using the machine
+** native byte order. When a collation sequence is invoked, SQLite selects
+** the version that will require the least expensive encoding
+** translations, if any.
+**
+** The CollSeq.pUser member variable is an extra parameter that passed in
+** as the first argument to the UTF-8 comparison function, xCmp.
+** CollSeq.pUser16 is the equivalent for the UTF-16 comparison function,
+** xCmp16.
+**
+** If both CollSeq.xCmp and CollSeq.xCmp16 are NULL, it means that the
+** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
+** collating sequence may not be read or written.
+*/
+struct CollSeq {
+char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
+u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
+u8 type;              /* One of the SQLITE_COLL_... values below */
+void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
+int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
+void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
+};
+/*
+** Allowed values of CollSeq.type:
+*/
+#define SQLITE_COLL_BINARY  1  /* The default memcmp() collating sequence */
+#define SQLITE_COLL_NOCASE  2  /* The built-in NOCASE collating sequence */
+#define SQLITE_COLL_REVERSE 3  /* The built-in REVERSE collating sequence */
+#define SQLITE_COLL_USER    0  /* Any other user-defined collating sequence */
+/*
+** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
+#define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
+/*
+** Column affinity types.
+**
+** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
+** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
+** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
+**
+** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'a'.  That way,
+** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
+** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
+**
+** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
+** for a numeric type is a single comparison.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     'a'
+#define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     'b'
+#define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  'c'
+#define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  'd'
+#define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     'e'
+#define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
+/*
+** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
+** affinity value.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x67
+/*
+** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
+** changing the affinity.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x08  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
+#define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x10  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
+/*
+** Each SQL table is represented in memory by an instance of the
+** following structure.
+**
+** Table.zName is the name of the table.  The case of the original
+** CREATE TABLE statement is stored, but case is not significant for
+** comparisons.
+**
+** Table.nCol is the number of columns in this table.  Table.aCol is a
+** pointer to an array of Column structures, one for each column.
+**
+** If the table has an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, then Table.iPKey is the index of
+** the column that is that key.   Otherwise Table.iPKey is negative.  Note
+** that the datatype of the PRIMARY KEY must be INTEGER for this field to
+** be set.  An INTEGER PRIMARY KEY is used as the rowid for each row of
+** the table.  If a table has no INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, then a random rowid
+** is generated for each row of the table.  TF_HasPrimaryKey is set if
+** the table has any PRIMARY KEY, INTEGER or otherwise.
+**
+** Table.tnum is the page number for the root BTree page of the table in the
+** database file.  If Table.iDb is the index of the database table backend
+** in sqlite.aDb[].  0 is for the main database and 1 is for the file that
+** holds temporary tables and indices.  If TF_Ephemeral is set
+** then the table is stored in a file that is automatically deleted
+** when the VDBE cursor to the table is closed.  In this case Table.tnum
+** refers VDBE cursor number that holds the table open, not to the root
+** page number.  Transient tables are used to hold the results of a
+** sub-query that appears instead of a real table name in the FROM clause
+** of a SELECT statement.
+*/
+struct Table {
+sqlite3 *db;         /* Associated database connection.  Might be NULL. */
+char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
+int iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the primary key */
+int nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
+Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
+Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
+int tnum;            /* Root BTree node for this table (see note above) */
+Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
+u16 nRef;            /* Number of pointers to this Table */
+u8 tabFlags;         /* Mask of TF_* values */
+u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
+Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of SQL triggers on this table */
+FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
+char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
+Expr *pCheck;        /* The AND of all CHECK constraints */
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
+int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+Module *pMod;        /* Pointer to the implementation of the module */
+sqlite3_vtab *pVtab; /* Pointer to the module instance */
+int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
+char **azModuleArg;  /* Text of all module args. [0] is module name */
+#endif
+Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
+Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
+};
+/*
+** Allowed values for Tabe.tabFlags.
+*/
+#define TF_Readonly        0x01    /* Read-only system table */
+#define TF_Ephemeral       0x02    /* An emphermal table */
+#define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x04    /* Table has a primary key */
+#define TF_Autoincrement   0x08    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
+#define TF_Virtual         0x10    /* Is a virtual table */
+#define TF_NeedMetadata    0x20    /* aCol[].zType and aCol[].pColl missing */
+/*
+** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
+** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
+** table support is omitted from the build.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+#  define IsVirtual(X)      (((X)->tabFlags & TF_Virtual)!=0)
+#  define IsHiddenColumn(X) ((X)->isHidden)
+#else
+#  define IsVirtual(X)      0
+#  define IsHiddenColumn(X) 0
+#endif
+/*
+** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
+**
+** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
+** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
+** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
+** Consider this example:
+**
+**     CREATE TABLE ex1(
+**       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+**       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
+**     );
+**
+** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
+**
+** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
+** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
+** the from-table is created.  The existance of the to-table is not checked
+** until an attempt is made to insert data into the from-table.
+**
+** The sqlite.aFKey hash table stores pointers to this structure
+** given the name of a to-table.  For each to-table, all foreign keys
+** associated with that table are on a linked list using the FKey.pNextTo
+** field.
+*/
+struct FKey {
+Table *pFrom;     /* The table that constains the REFERENCES clause */
+FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next foreign key in pFrom */
+char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to */
+FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next foreign key that points to zTo */
+int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
+struct sColMap {  /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
+int iFrom;         /* Index of column in pFrom */
+char *zCol;        /* Name of column in zTo.  If 0 use PRIMARY KEY */
+} *aCol;          /* One entry for each of nCol column s */
+u8 isDeferred;    /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
+u8 updateConf;    /* How to resolve conflicts that occur on UPDATE */
+u8 deleteConf;    /* How to resolve conflicts that occur on DELETE */
+u8 insertConf;    /* How to resolve conflicts that occur on INSERT */
+};
+/*
+** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
+** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
+** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
+** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
+** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
+** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
+** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
+** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
+** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
+** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
+** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
+** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
+** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
+**
+** RESTRICT, SETNULL, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
+** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
+** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
+** key is set to NULL.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
+** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
+** foreign key.
+**
+** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
+** of action to take.
+*/
+#define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
+#define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
+#define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
+#define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
+#define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
+#define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
+#define OE_Restrict 6   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
+#define OE_SetNull  7   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
+#define OE_SetDflt  8   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
+#define OE_Cascade  9   /* Cascade the changes */
+#define OE_Default  99  /* Do whatever the default action is */
+/*
+** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
+** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
+** comparison of the two index keys.
+*/
+struct KeyInfo {
+sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
+u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the TEXT_Utf* values */
+u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in aColl[] */
+u8 *aSortOrder;     /* If defined an aSortOrder[i] is true, sort DESC */
+CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
+};
+/*
+** An instance of the following structure holds information about a
+** single index record that has already been parsed out into individual
+** values.
+**
+** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
+** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
+** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
+** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassemblied by the
+** OP_Column opcode.
+**
+** This structure holds a record that has already been disassembled
+** into its constitutent fields.
+*/
+struct UnpackedRecord {
+KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
+u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
+u16 flags;          /* Boolean settings.  UNPACKED_... below */
+Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
+};
+/*
+** Allowed values of UnpackedRecord.flags
+*/
+#define UNPACKED_NEED_FREE     0x0001  /* Memory is from sqlite3Malloc() */
+#define UNPACKED_NEED_DESTROY  0x0002  /* apMem[]s should all be destroyed */
+#define UNPACKED_IGNORE_ROWID  0x0004  /* Ignore trailing rowid on key1 */
+#define UNPACKED_INCRKEY       0x0008  /* Make this key an epsilon larger */
+#define UNPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH  0x0010  /* A prefix match is considered OK */
+/*
+** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
+** instance of the following structure.
+**
+** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
+** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
+** we have the following table and index:
+**
+**     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
+**     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
+**
+** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
+** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
+** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
+** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
+** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
+** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
+** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
+**
+** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
+** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
+** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
+** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
+** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
+** element.
+*/
+struct Index {
+char *zName;     /* Name of this index */
+int nColumn;     /* Number of columns in the table used by this index */
+int *aiColumn;   /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
+unsigned *aiRowEst; /* Result of ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
+Table *pTable;   /* The SQL table being indexed */
+int tnum;        /* Page containing root of this index in database file */
+u8 onError;      /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
+u8 autoIndex;    /* True if is automatically created (ex: by UNIQUE) */
+char *zColAff;   /* String defining the affinity of each column */
+Index *pNext;    /* The next index associated with the same table */
+Schema *pSchema; /* Schema containing this index */
+u8 *aSortOrder;  /* Array of size Index.nColumn. True==DESC, False==ASC */
+char **azColl;   /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
+};
+/*
+** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
+** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
+**
+** Note if Token.z==0 then Token.dyn and Token.n are undefined and
+** may contain random values.  Do not make any assuptions about Token.dyn
+** and Token.n when Token.z==0.
+*/
+struct Token {
+const unsigned char *z; /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
+unsigned dyn  : 1;      /* True for malloced memory, false for static */
+unsigned n    : 31;     /* Number of characters in this token */
+};
+/*
+** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
+** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
+**
+** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
+** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iColumn field is the index in
+** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
+** code for that node.
+**
+** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
+** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
+** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
+*/
+struct AggInfo {
+u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
+** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
+u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
+** than the source table */
+int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
+ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
+int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
+struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
+Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
+int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
+int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
+int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
+int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
+Expr *pExpr;             /* The original expression */
+} *aCol;
+int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
+int nColumnAlloc;       /* Number of slots allocated for aCol[] */
+int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
+** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
+** aggregate functions */
+struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
+Expr *pExpr;             /* Expression encoding the function */
+FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
+int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
+int iDistinct;           /* Ephermeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
+} *aFunc;
+int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
+int nFuncAlloc;         /* Number of slots allocated for aFunc[] */
+};
+/*
+** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
+** of this structure.
+**
+** Expr.op is the opcode.  The integer parser token codes are reused
+** as opcodes here.  For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
+** code representing the ">=" operator.  This same integer code is reused
+** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
+** tree.
+**
+** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are subexpressions.  Expr.pList is a list
+** of argument if the expression is a function.
+**
+** Expr.token is the operator token for this node.  For some expressions
+** that have subexpressions, Expr.token can be the complete text that gave
+** rise to the Expr.  In the latter case, the token is marked as being
+** a compound token.
+**
+** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
+** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
+** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
+** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
+** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
+** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
+** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
+**
+** If the expression is a function, the Expr.iTable is an integer code
+** representing which function.  If the expression is an unbound variable
+** marker (a question mark character '?' in the original SQL) then the
+** Expr.iTable holds the index number for that variable.
+**
+** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
+** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
+** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
+** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
+** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
+**
+** The Expr.pSelect field points to a SELECT statement.  The SELECT might
+** be the right operand of an IN operator.  Or, if a scalar SELECT appears
+** in an expression the opcode is TK_SELECT and Expr.pSelect is the only
+** operand.
+**
+** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
+** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
+** corresponding table definition.
+*/
+struct Expr {
+u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
+char affinity;         /* The affinity of the column or 0 if not a column */
+u16 flags;             /* Various flags.  See below */
+CollSeq *pColl;        /* The collation type of the column or 0 */
+Expr *pLeft, *pRight;  /* Left and right subnodes */
+ExprList *pList;       /* A list of expressions used as function arguments
+** or in "<expr> IN (<expr-list)" */
+Token token;           /* An operand token */
+Token span;            /* Complete text of the expression */
+int iTable, iColumn;   /* When op==TK_COLUMN, then this expr node means the
+** iColumn-th field of the iTable-th table. */
+AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
+int iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
+int iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
+Select *pSelect;       /* When the expression is a sub-select.  Also the
+** right side of "<expr> IN (<select>)" */
+Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions. */
+#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
+int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
+#endif
+};
+/*
+** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
+*/
+#define EP_FromJoin   0x0001  /* Originated in ON or USING clause of a join */
+#define EP_Agg        0x0002  /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
+#define EP_Resolved   0x0004  /* IDs have been resolved to COLUMNs */
+#define EP_Error      0x0008  /* Expression contains one or more errors */
+#define EP_Distinct   0x0010  /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
+#define EP_VarSelect  0x0020  /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
+#define EP_Dequoted   0x0040  /* True if the string has been dequoted */
+#define EP_InfixFunc  0x0080  /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
+#define EP_ExpCollate 0x0100  /* Collating sequence specified explicitly */
+#define EP_AnyAff     0x0200  /* Can take a cached column of any affinity */
+#define EP_FixedDest  0x0400  /* Result needed in a specific register */
+#define EP_IntValue   0x0800  /* Integer value contained in iTable */
+/*
+** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
+** Expr.flags field.
+*/
+#define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
+#define ExprHasAnyProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
+#define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
+#define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
+/*
+** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
+** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
+** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
+** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
+** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
+** field is not used.
+*/
+struct ExprList {
+int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
+int nAlloc;            /* Number of entries allocated below */
+int iECursor;          /* VDBE Cursor associated with this ExprList */
+struct ExprList_item {
+Expr *pExpr;           /* The list of expressions */
+char *zName;           /* Token associated with this expression */
+u8 sortOrder;          /* 1 for DESC or 0 for ASC */
+u8 done;               /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
+u16 iCol;              /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
+u16 iAlias;            /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
+} *a;                  /* One entry for each expression */
+};
+/*
+** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
+** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
+**
+**      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
+**      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
+**      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
+**
+** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
+** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
+**
+**     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
+**
+** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
+*/
+struct IdList {
+struct IdList_item {
+char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
+int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
+} *a;
+int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
+int nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated for a[] below */
+};
+/*
+** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
+**
+** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
+** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
+** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
+*/
+typedef u64 Bitmask;
+/*
+** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
+** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
+** the SrcList.a[] array.
+**
+** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
+** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
+** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
+** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
+** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
+**
+** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
+** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
+** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
+** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
+*/
+struct SrcList {
+i16 nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
+i16 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
+struct SrcList_item {
+char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
+char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
+char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
+Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
+Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
+u8 isPopulated;   /* Temporary table associated with SELECT is populated */
+u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this able and the previous */
+int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
+Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
+IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
+Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N or pTab is used */
+} a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
+};
+/*
+** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
+*/
+#define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
+#define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
+#define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
+#define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
+#define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
+#define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
+#define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
+/*
+** For each nested loop in a WHERE clause implementation, the WhereInfo
+** structure contains a single instance of this structure.  This structure
+** is intended to be private the the where.c module and should not be
+** access or modified by other modules.
+**
+** The pIdxInfo and pBestIdx fields are used to help pick the best
+** index on a virtual table.  The pIdxInfo pointer contains indexing
+** information for the i-th table in the FROM clause before reordering.
+** All the pIdxInfo pointers are freed by whereInfoFree() in where.c.
+** The pBestIdx pointer is a copy of pIdxInfo for the i-th table after
+** FROM clause ordering.  This is a little confusing so I will repeat
+** it in different words.  WhereInfo.a[i].pIdxInfo is index information
+** for WhereInfo.pTabList.a[i].  WhereInfo.a[i].pBestInfo is the
+** index information for the i-th loop of the join.  pBestInfo is always
+** either NULL or a copy of some pIdxInfo.  So for cleanup it is
+** sufficient to free all of the pIdxInfo pointers.
+**
+*/
+struct WhereLevel {
+int iFrom;            /* Which entry in the FROM clause */
+int flags;            /* Flags associated with this level */
+int iMem;             /* First memory cell used by this level */
+int iLeftJoin;        /* Memory cell used to implement LEFT OUTER JOIN */
+Index *pIdx;          /* Index used.  NULL if no index */
+int iTabCur;          /* The VDBE cursor used to access the table */
+int iIdxCur;          /* The VDBE cursor used to acesss pIdx */
+int brk;              /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
+int nxt;              /* Jump here to start the next IN combination */
+int cont;             /* Jump here to continue with the next loop cycle */
+int top;              /* First instruction of interior of the loop */
+int op, p1, p2;       /* Opcode used to terminate the loop */
+int nEq;              /* Number of == or IN constraints on this loop */
+int nIn;              /* Number of IN operators constraining this loop */
+struct InLoop {
+int iCur;              /* The VDBE cursor used by this IN operator */
+int topAddr;           /* Top of the IN loop */
+} *aInLoop;           /* Information about each nested IN operator */
+sqlite3_index_info *pBestIdx;  /* Index information for this level */
+/* The following field is really not part of the current level.  But
+** we need a place to cache index information for each table in the
+** FROM clause and the WhereLevel structure is a convenient place.
+*/
+sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo;  /* Index info for n-th source table */
+};
+/*
+** Flags appropriate for the wflags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin().
+*/
+#define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL     0   /* No-op */
+#define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN        1   /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
+#define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX        2   /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
+#define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED    4   /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
+/*
+** The WHERE clause processing routine has two halves.  The
+** first part does the start of the WHERE loop and the second
+** half does the tail of the WHERE loop.  An instance of
+** this structure is returned by the first half and passed
+** into the second half to give some continuity.
+*/
+struct WhereInfo {
+Parse *pParse;       /* Parsing and code generating context */
+u8 okOnePass;        /* Ok to use one-pass algorithm for UPDATE or DELETE */
+SrcList *pTabList;   /* List of tables in the join */
+int iTop;            /* The very beginning of the WHERE loop */
+int iContinue;       /* Jump here to continue with next record */
+int iBreak;          /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
+int nLevel;          /* Number of nested loop */
+sqlite3_index_info **apInfo;  /* Array of pointers to index info structures */
+WhereLevel a[1];     /* Information about each nest loop in the WHERE */
+};
+/*
+** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
+** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
+** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
+** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
+** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
+** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
+** other statements.
+**
+** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
+** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
+** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
+** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
+** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
+** the context containing the match is incremented.
+**
+** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
+** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
+** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
+** subqueries looking for a match.
+*/
+struct NameContext {
+Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
+SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
+ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of named expressions */
+int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
+int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
+u8 allowAgg;         /* Aggregate functions allowed here */
+u8 hasAgg;           /* True if aggregates are seen */
+u8 isCheck;          /* True if resolving names in a CHECK constraint */
+int nDepth;          /* Depth of subquery recursion. 1 for no recursion */
+AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
+NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
+};
+/*
+** An instance of the following structure contains all information
+** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
+**
+** nLimit is set to -1 if there is no LIMIT clause.  nOffset is set to 0.
+** If there is a LIMIT clause, the parser sets nLimit to the value of the
+** limit and nOffset to the value of the offset (or 0 if there is not
+** offset).  But later on, nLimit and nOffset become the memory locations
+** in the VDBE that record the limit and offset counters.
+**
+** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
+** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
+** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
+** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
+** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
+** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
+** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
+** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[2] contains collating
+** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
+*/
+struct Select {
+ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
+u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
+char affinity;         /* MakeRecord with this affinity for SRT_Set */
+u16 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
+SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
+Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
+ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
+Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
+ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
+Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
+Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
+Select *pRightmost;    /* Right-most select in a compound select statement */
+Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
+Expr *pOffset;         /* OFFSET expression. NULL means not used. */
+int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
+int addrOpenEphm[3];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
+};
+/*
+** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
+** "Select Flag".
+*/
+#define SF_Distinct        0x0001  /* Output should be DISTINCT */
+#define SF_Resolved        0x0002  /* Identifiers have been resolved */
+#define SF_Aggregate       0x0004  /* Contains aggregate functions */
+#define SF_UsesEphemeral   0x0008  /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
+#define SF_Expanded        0x0010  /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
+#define SF_HasTypeInfo     0x0020  /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
+/*
+** The results of a select can be distributed in several ways.  The
+** "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result Type".
+*/
+#define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
+#define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
+#define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
+#define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
+/* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
+#define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_Discard)
+#define SRT_Output       5  /* Output each row of result */
+#define SRT_Mem          6  /* Store result in a memory cell */
+#define SRT_Set          7  /* Store results as keys in an index */
+#define SRT_Table        8  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
+#define SRT_EphemTab     9  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
+#define SRT_Coroutine   10  /* Generate a single row of result */
+/*
+** A structure used to customize the behaviour of sqlite3Select(). See
+** comments above sqlite3Select() for details.
+*/
+typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
+struct SelectDest {
+u8 eDest;         /* How to dispose of the results */
+u8 affinity;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
+int iParm;        /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
+int iMem;         /* Base register where results are written */
+int nMem;         /* Number of registers allocated */
+};
+/*
+** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
+** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
+** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
+**
+** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
+** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
+** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
+** each recursion.
+**
+** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
+** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
+** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
+** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
+** list.
+*/
+struct Parse {
+sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
+int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
+char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
+Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
+u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
+u8 nameClash;        /* A permanent table name clashes with temp table name */
+u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
+u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
+u8 parseError;       /* True after a parsing error.  Ticket #1794 */
+u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
+u8 nTempInUse;       /* Number of aTempReg[] currently checked out */
+int aTempReg[8];     /* Holding area for temporary registers */
+int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
+int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
+int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
+int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
+int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
+int nSet;            /* Number of sets used so far */
+int ckBase;          /* Base register of data during check constraints */
+int disableColCache; /* True to disable adding to column cache */
+int nColCache;       /* Number of entries in the column cache */
+int iColCache;       /* Next entry of the cache to replace */
+struct yColCache {
+int iTable;           /* Table cursor number */
+int iColumn;          /* Table column number */
+char affChange;       /* True if this register has had an affinity change */
+int iReg;             /* Register holding value of this column */
+} aColCache[10];     /* One for each valid column cache entry */
+u32 writeMask;       /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
+u32 cookieMask;      /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
+int cookieGoto;      /* Address of OP_Goto to cookie verifier subroutine */
+int cookieValue[SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2];  /* Values of cookies to verify */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
+int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
+TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
+#endif
+int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
+int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
+/* Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
+** each recursion */
+int nVar;            /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
+int nVarExpr;        /* Number of used slots in apVarExpr[] */
+int nVarExprAlloc;   /* Number of allocated slots in apVarExpr[] */
+Expr **apVarExpr;    /* Pointers to :aaa and $aaaa wildcard expressions */
+int nAlias;          /* Number of aliased result set columns */
+int *aAlias;         /* Register used to hold aliased result */
+u8 explain;          /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
+Token sErrToken;     /* The token at which the error occurred */
+Token sNameToken;    /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
+Token sLastToken;    /* The last token parsed */
+const char *zSql;    /* All SQL text */
+const char *zTail;   /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
+Table *pNewTable;    /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
+Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
+TriggerStack *trigStack;  /* Trigger actions being coded */
+const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+Token sArg;                /* Complete text of a module argument */
+u8 declareVtab;            /* True if inside sqlite3_declare_vtab() */
+int nVtabLock;             /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
+Table **apVtabLock;        /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
+#endif
+int nHeight;            /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
+Table *pZombieTab;      /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
+};
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+#define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
+#else
+#define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->declareVtab)
+#endif
+/*
+** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
+** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
+*/
+struct AuthContext {
+const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
+Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
+};
+/*
+** Bitfield flags for P2 value in OP_Insert and OP_Delete
+*/
+#define OPFLAG_NCHANGE   1    /* Set to update db->nChange */
+#define OPFLAG_LASTROWID 2    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
+#define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE  4    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
+#define OPFLAG_APPEND    8    /* This is likely to be an append */
+/*
+* Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
+* struct Trigger.
+*
+* Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
+* 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
+*    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
+* 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
+*    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
+*    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
+*    struct Table.
+*
+* The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
+* containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
+*/
+struct Trigger {
+char *name;             /* The name of the trigger                        */
+char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
+u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
+u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
+Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expresion (may be NULL) */
+IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
+the <column-list> is stored here */
+Token nameToken;        /* Token containing zName. Use during parsing only */
+Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
+Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
+TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
+Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
+};
+/*
+** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
+** determine which.
+**
+** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
+** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
+*/
+#define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
+#define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
+/*
+* An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
+* that is a part of a trigger-program.
+*
+* Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
+* using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
+* associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
+* the first step of the trigger-program.
+*
+* The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
+* "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
+* value of "op" as follows:
+*
+* (op == TK_INSERT)
+* orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
+* pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
+*              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
+* target    -> A token holding the name of the table to insert into.
+* pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
+*              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
+* pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
+*              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
+*              inserted into.
+*
+* (op == TK_DELETE)
+* target    -> A token holding the name of the table to delete from.
+* pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
+*              Otherwise NULL.
+*
+* (op == TK_UPDATE)
+* target    -> A token holding the name of the table to update rows of.
+* pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
+*              Otherwise NULL.
+* pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
+*              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
+*              argument.
+*
+*/
+struct TriggerStep {
+int op;              /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
+int orconf;          /* OE_Rollback etc. */
+Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
+Select *pSelect;     /* Valid for SELECT and sometimes
+INSERT steps (when pExprList == 0) */
+Token target;        /* Valid for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT steps */
+Expr *pWhere;        /* Valid for DELETE, UPDATE steps */
+ExprList *pExprList; /* Valid for UPDATE statements and sometimes
+INSERT steps (when pSelect == 0)         */
+IdList *pIdList;     /* Valid for INSERT statements only */
+TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
+TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
+};
+/*
+* An instance of struct TriggerStack stores information required during code
+* generation of a single trigger program. While the trigger program is being
+* coded, its associated TriggerStack instance is pointed to by the
+* "pTriggerStack" member of the Parse structure.
+*
+* The pTab member points to the table that triggers are being coded on. The
+* newIdx member contains the index of the vdbe cursor that points at the temp
+* table that stores the new.* references. If new.* references are not valid
+* for the trigger being coded (for example an ON DELETE trigger), then newIdx
+* is set to -1. The oldIdx member is analogous to newIdx, for old.* references.
+*
+* The ON CONFLICT policy to be used for the trigger program steps is stored
+* as the orconf member. If this is OE_Default, then the ON CONFLICT clause
+* specified for individual triggers steps is used.
+*
+* struct TriggerStack has a "pNext" member, to allow linked lists to be
+* constructed. When coding nested triggers (triggers fired by other triggers)
+* each nested trigger stores its parent trigger's TriggerStack as the "pNext"
+* pointer. Once the nested trigger has been coded, the pNext value is restored
+* to the pTriggerStack member of the Parse stucture and coding of the parent
+* trigger continues.
+*
+* Before a nested trigger is coded, the linked list pointed to by the
+* pTriggerStack is scanned to ensure that the trigger is not about to be coded
+* recursively. If this condition is detected, the nested trigger is not coded.
+*/
+struct TriggerStack {
+Table *pTab;         /* Table that triggers are currently being coded on */
+int newIdx;          /* Index of vdbe cursor to "new" temp table */
+int oldIdx;          /* Index of vdbe cursor to "old" temp table */
+u32 newColMask;
+u32 oldColMask;
+int orconf;          /* Current orconf policy */
+int ignoreJump;      /* where to jump to for a RAISE(IGNORE) */
+Trigger *pTrigger;   /* The trigger currently being coded */
+TriggerStack *pNext; /* Next trigger down on the trigger stack */
+};
+/*
+** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
+** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
+** explicit.
+*/
+typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
+struct DbFixer {
+Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
+const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
+const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
+const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
+};
+/*
+** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
+** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
+*/
+struct StrAccum {
+sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
+char *zBase;         /* A base allocation.  Not from malloc. */
+char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
+int  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
+int  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
+int  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed string length */
+u8   mallocFailed;   /* Becomes true if any memory allocation fails */
+u8   useMalloc;      /* True if zText is enlargable using realloc */
+u8   tooBig;         /* Becomes true if string size exceeds limits */
+};
+/*
+** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
+** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
+*/
+typedef struct {
+sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
+int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
+char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
+int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
+} InitData;
+/*
+** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
+**
+** This structure also contains some state information.
+*/
+struct Sqlite3Config {
+int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
+int bCoreMutex;                   /* True to enable core mutexing */
+int bFullMutex;                   /* True to enable full mutexing */
+int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
+int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
+int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
+sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
+sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
+void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
+int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
+int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
+void *pScratch;                   /* Scratch memory */
+int szScratch;                    /* Size of each scratch buffer */
+int nScratch;                     /* Number of scratch buffers */
+void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
+int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
+int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
+int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
+int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
+int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
+sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
+int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
+int nSmall;                       /* alloc size threshold used by mem6.c */
+int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
+int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
+};
+/*
+** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
+*/
+struct Walker {
+int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
+int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
+Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
+union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
+NameContext *pNC;                          /* Naming context */
+int i;                                     /* Integer value */
+} u;
+};
+/* Forward declarations */
+int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
+int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
+int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
+int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
+int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
+/*
+** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
+** callbacks.
+*/
+#define WRC_Continue    0
+#define WRC_Prune       1
+#define WRC_Abort       2
+/*
+** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
+** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
+if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
+while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
+}                                                    \
+}
+/*
+** The SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT macro can be either a constant (for production
+** builds) or a function call (for debugging).  If it is a function call,
+** it allows the operator to set a breakpoint at the spot where database
+** corruption is first detected.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+int sqlite3Corrupt(void);
+# define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3Corrupt()
+#else
+# define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT SQLITE_CORRUPT
+#endif
+/*
+** Internal function prototypes
+*/
+int sqlite3StrICmp(const char *, const char *);
+int sqlite3StrNICmp(const char *, const char *, int);
+int sqlite3IsNumber(const char*, int*, u8);
+int sqlite3Strlen(sqlite3*, const char*);
+int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
+void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
+void *sqlite3Malloc(int);
+void *sqlite3MallocZero(int);
+void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, int);
+void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, int);
+char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
+char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, int);
+void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, int);
+void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, int);
+void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, int);
+void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
+int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
+int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
+void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int);
+void sqlite3ScratchFree(void*);
+void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
+void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
+void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
+const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetDefault(void);
+const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
+const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
+const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys6(void);
+void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
+int sqlite3MemoryAlarm(void (*)(void*, sqlite3_int64, int), void*, sqlite3_int64);
+#ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
+sqlite3_mutex_methods *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
+sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
+int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
+int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
+#endif
+int sqlite3StatusValue(int);
+void sqlite3StatusAdd(int, int);
+void sqlite3StatusSet(int, int);
+int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
+void sqlite3VXPrintf(StrAccum*, int, const char*, va_list);
+char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
+char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
+char *sqlite3MAppendf(sqlite3*,char*,const char*,...);
+#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
+void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
+#endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
+void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
+#endif
+void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*, ...);
+void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
+void sqlite3ErrorClear(Parse*);
+void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
+void sqlite3DequoteExpr(sqlite3*, Expr*);
+int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
+int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
+void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
+int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
+void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
+int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
+void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
+Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*, int, Expr*, Expr*, const Token*);
+Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*, const Token*);
+Expr *sqlite3RegisterExpr(Parse*,Token*);
+Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3*,Expr*, Expr*);
+void sqlite3ExprSpan(Expr*,Token*,Token*);
+Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
+void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*);
+void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
+ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*,Token*);
+void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
+int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
+int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
+void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
+void sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(sqlite3*, int);
+void sqlite3BeginParse(Parse*,int);
+void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
+Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*);
+void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
+void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
+void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*);
+void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
+void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
+void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
+void sqlite3AddColumnType(Parse*,Token*);
+void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*);
+void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
+void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Select*);
+Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
+int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
+int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
+void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32);
+void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
+int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
+void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,Select*,int,int);
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
+int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
+#else
+# define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
+#endif
+void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
+void sqlite3DeleteTable(Table*);
+void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Select*, IdList*, int);
+void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int,int*,int*,int*);
+IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(sqlite3*, IdList*, Token*);
+int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
+SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(sqlite3*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
+SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*, Token*,
+Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
+void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
+void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
+void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
+void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
+void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
+Token*, int, int);
+void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
+int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
+Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
+Expr*,ExprList*,int,Expr*,Expr*);
+void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
+Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
+int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
+void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
+void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*);
+void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Expr*, int);
+WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList**, u8);
+void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
+int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, int);
+void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
+void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, int, int, int);
+void sqlite3ExprClearColumnCache(Parse*, int);
+void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
+int sqlite3ExprWritableRegister(Parse*,int,int);
+void sqlite3ExprHardCopy(Parse*,int,int);
+int sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
+int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
+int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
+int sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
+void sqlite3ExprCodeConstants(Parse*, Expr*);
+int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
+void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
+void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
+Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
+Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,int isView,const char*, const char*);
+Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
+void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
+void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
+void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*);
+int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*);
+char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
+int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr*, Expr*);
+void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
+void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
+Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
+Expr *sqlite3CreateIdExpr(Parse *, const char*);
+void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
+void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
+void sqlite3PrngResetState(void);
+void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*);
+void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
+void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
+void sqlite3CommitTransaction(Parse*);
+void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse*);
+int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
+int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
+int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*);
+int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
+int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
+void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int);
+void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int*);
+int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
+void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int,int,
+int*,int,int,int,int);
+void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*,int,int,int,int);
+int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
+void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
+Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*);
+void sqlite3TokenCopy(sqlite3*,Token*, Token*);
+ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*);
+SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*);
+IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
+Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*);
+void sqlite3FuncDefInsert(FuncDefHash*, FuncDef*);
+FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int,u8,int);
+void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
+void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
+void sqlite3RegisterGlobalFunctions(void);
+int sqlite3GetBuiltinFunction(const char *, int, FuncDef **);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+int sqlite3SafetyOn(sqlite3*);
+int sqlite3SafetyOff(sqlite3*);
+#else
+# define sqlite3SafetyOn(A) 0
+# define sqlite3SafetyOff(A) 0
+#endif
+int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
+int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
+void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
+void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int);
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
+void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
+Expr*,int, int);
+void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
+void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
+void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
+int sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse*, Table*, int, ExprList*);
+int sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, int, ExprList*, int, Table *, int, int,
+int, int, u32*, u32*);
+void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
+void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
+TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*);
+TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(sqlite3*,Token*, IdList*,
+ExprList*,Select*,int);
+TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, int);
+TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*);
+void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
+void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
+#else
+# define sqlite3TriggersExist(A,B,C,D,E,F) 0
+# define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
+# define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
+# define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
+# define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K) 0
+#endif
+int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
+void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
+void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
+void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
+int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
+void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
+void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
+#else
+# define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
+# define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
+# define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
+# define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
+#endif
+void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
+void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
+int sqlite3BtreeFactory(const sqlite3 *db, const char *zFilename,
+int omitJournal, int nCache, int flags, Btree **ppBtree);
+int sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
+int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
+int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
+int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
+int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
+int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
+int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*);
+int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
+int sqlite3FitsIn64Bits(const char *, int);
+int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
+int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
+int sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8*, const u8*, const u8**);
+/*
+** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
+** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
+** file.  Code should use the MACRO forms below, as the Varint32 versions
+** are coded to assume the single byte case is already handled (which
+** the MACRO form does).
+*/
+int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
+int sqlite3PutVarint32(unsigned char*, u32);
+int sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
+int sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
+int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
+/*
+** The header of a record consists of a sequence variable-length integers.
+** These integers are almost always small and are encoded as a single byte.
+** The following macros take advantage this fact to provide a fast encode
+** and decode of the integers in a record header.  It is faster for the common
+** case where the integer is a single byte.  It is a little slower when the
+** integer is two or more bytes.  But overall it is faster.
+**
+** The following expressions are equivalent:
+**
+**     x = sqlite3GetVarint32( A, &B );
+**     x = sqlite3PutVarint32( A, B );
+**
+**     x = getVarint32( A, B );
+**     x = putVarint32( A, B );
+**
+*/
+#define getVarint32(A,B)  ((*(A)<(unsigned char)0x80) ? ((B) = (u32)*(A)),1 : sqlite3GetVarint32((A), &(B)))
+#define putVarint32(A,B)  (((B)<(u32)0x80) ? (*(A) = (unsigned char)(B)),1 : sqlite3PutVarint32((A), (B)))
+#define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
+#define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
+void sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(Vdbe *, Index *);
+void sqlite3TableAffinityStr(Vdbe *, Table *);
+char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
+int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
+char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
+int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*);
+void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
+void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
+int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
+const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
+int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
+CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char *,int,int);
+CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char *zName, int nName);
+CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
+Expr *sqlite3ExprSetColl(Parse *pParse, Expr *, Token *);
+int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
+int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *, const char *);
+void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
+const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
+int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
+void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
+void(*)(void*));
+void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
+sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
+char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int);
+int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
+void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
+#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
+extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
+extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
+extern SQLITE_WSD FuncDefHash sqlite3GlobalFunctions;
+#endif
+void sqlite3RootPageMoved(Db*, int, int);
+void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
+void sqlite3AlterFunctions(sqlite3*);
+void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
+int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
+void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
+void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*);
+void sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse *, Expr *, int, int);
+void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
+int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
+void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
+int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
+void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int);
+void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
+void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
+CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(sqlite3*, CollSeq *, const char *, int);
+char sqlite3AffinityType(const Token*);
+void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
+int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
+int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
+int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
+void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
+void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
+int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
+void sqlite3AttachFunctions(sqlite3 *);
+void sqlite3MinimumFileFormat(Parse*, int, int);
+void sqlite3SchemaFree(void *);
+Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
+int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
+KeyInfo *sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(Parse *, Index *);
+int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
+void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
+void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **), void (*)(sqlite3_context*));
+int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
+int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
+void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, char*, int, int);
+void sqlite3StrAccumAppend(StrAccum*,const char*,int);
+char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
+void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum*);
+void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
+/*
+** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
+*/
+void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(size_t));
+void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
+void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token, Parse*);
+#ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
+int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
+#endif
+int sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
+void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
+#else
+# define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
+void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, int, u8, const char *);
+#else
+#define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+#  define sqlite3VtabClear(X)
+#  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
+#  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
+#  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
+#else
+void sqlite3VtabClear(Table*);
+int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, char **);
+int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
+int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
+#endif
+void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
+void sqlite3VtabLock(sqlite3_vtab*);
+void sqlite3VtabUnlock(sqlite3*, sqlite3_vtab*);
+void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
+void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
+void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
+void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
+int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
+int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
+int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
+int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, sqlite3_vtab *);
+FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
+void sqlite3InvalidFunction(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
+int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
+int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
+void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
+CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
+/*
+** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
+#define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
+/*
+** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
+** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
+** is not defined.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
+void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
+void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
+#else
+#define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
+#define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
+#endif
+#define IN_INDEX_ROWID           1
+#define IN_INDEX_EPH             2
+#define IN_INDEX_INDEX           3
+int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, int*);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
+int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
+int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
+int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
+#else
+#define sqlite3JournalSize(pVfs) ((pVfs)->szOsFile)
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
+void sqlite3ExprSetHeight(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
+int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
+int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
+#else
+#define sqlite3ExprSetHeight(x,y)
+#define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
+#define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
+#endif
+u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
+void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
+#ifdef SQLITE_SSE
+#include "sseInt.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
+#endif
+/*
+** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
+** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
+** print I/O tracing messages.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
+# define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
+void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
+SQLITE_EXTERN void (*sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
+#else
+# define IOTRACE(A)
+# define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
+#endif
+#endif