diff -r 675a964f4eb5 -r 35751d3474b7 cryptoservices/certificateandkeymgmt/tder/dergen.pl
--- a/cryptoservices/certificateandkeymgmt/tder/dergen.pl	Tue Jul 21 01:04:32 2009 +0100
+++ b/cryptoservices/certificateandkeymgmt/tder/dergen.pl	Thu Sep 10 14:01:51 2009 +0300
@@ -1,1560 +1,1560 @@
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2009 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
-# All rights reserved.
-# This component and the accompanying materials are made available
-# under the terms of the License "Eclipse Public License v1.0"
-# which accompanies this distribution, and is available
-# at the URL "http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html".
-#
-# Initial Contributors:
-# Nokia Corporation - initial contribution.
-#
-# Contributors:
-#
-# Description: 
-#
-#!/bin/perl -w
-
-# Copyright (c) 2005-2009 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
-# All rights reserved.
-# This component and the accompanying materials are made available
-# under the terms of the License "Symbian Foundation License v1.0"
-# which accompanies this distribution, and is available
-# at the URL "http://www.symbianfoundation.org/legal/sfl-v10.html".
-#
-# Initial Contributors:
-# Nokia Corporation - initial contribution.
-#
-# Contributors:
-#
-# Description:
-# Basic ASN.1 encoding library
-# Some parts of this program requrie OpenSSL which may be freely downloaded
-# from www.openssl.org
-# 
-#
-
-use strict;
-use Digest::HMAC_MD5;
-use Digest::HMAC_SHA1;
-use Getopt::Long;
-
-# 0 = off
-# 1 = log parsing
-# 2 = log parsing + encoding
-# 3 = really verbose stuff
-my $DEBUG=0;
-
-# Turn on validation checks that attempt to only generate
-# valid DER encodings.
-my $VALIDATE=0;
-
-my $OID_PKCS = "1.2.840.113549.1";
-my $OID_PKCS7 ="${OID_PKCS}.7";
-my $OID_PKCS9 = "${OID_PKCS}.9";
-my $OID_PKCS9_CERTTYPES = "${OID_PKCS9}.22"; 
-my $OID_PKCS12 = "${OID_PKCS}.12";
-my $OID_PKCS12_BAGTYPES = "${OID_PKCS12}.10.1";
-my $OID_PKCS12_PBEIDS = "${OID_PKCS12}.1";
-
-my %OIDS = 
-	(
-	 "MD5"  => "1.2.840.113549.2.5",
-	 "SHA1" => "1.3.14.3.2.26",
-	 "X509CRL" => "1.3.6.1.4.1.3627.4",
-
-	 "PKCS7_DATA" => "${OID_PKCS7}.1",
-	 "PKCS7_SIGNEDDATA" => "${OID_PKCS7}.2",
-	 "PKCS7_ENVELOPEDDATA" => "${OID_PKCS7}.3",
-	 "PKCS7_SIGNEDANDENVELOPEDDATA" => "${OID_PKCS7}.4",
-	 "PKCS7_DIGESTEDDATA" => "${OID_PKCS7}.5",
-	 "PKCS7_ENCRYPTEDDATA" => "${OID_PKCS7}.6",	
-	 
-	 "PKCS9_CERTTYPES_PKCS12_X509" => "${OID_PKCS9_CERTTYPES}.1",
-	 "PKCS9_FRIENDLY_NAME" => "${OID_PKCS9}.20",
-	 "PKCS9_LOCAL_KEYID" => "${OID_PKCS9}.21",
-	 
-	 "PKCS12_BAGTYPES_KEYBAG" => "${OID_PKCS12_BAGTYPES}.1",
-	 "PKCS12_BAGTYPES_PKCS8SHROUDEDKEYBAG" => "${OID_PKCS12_BAGTYPES}.2",
-	 "PKCS12_BAGTYPES_CERTBAG" => "${OID_PKCS12_BAGTYPES}.3",
-	 "PKCS12_BAGTYPES_CRLBAG" => "${OID_PKCS12_BAGTYPES}.4",
-	 "PKCS12_BAGTYPES_SECRETBAG" => "${OID_PKCS12_BAGTYPES}.5",
-	 "PKCS12_BAGTYPES_SAFECONTENTSBAG" => "${OID_PKCS12_BAGTYPES}.6",
-
-	 "PKCS12_PBEIDS_SHAAND128BITRC4" => "${OID_PKCS12_PBEIDS}.1",
-	 "PKCS12_PBEIDS_SHAAND40BITRC4" => "${OID_PKCS12_PBEIDS}.2",
-	 "PKCS12_PBEIDS_SHAAND3KEYTRIPLEDESCBC" => "${OID_PKCS12_PBEIDS}.3",
-	 "PKCS12_PBEIDS_SHAAND2KEYTRIPLEDESCBC" => "${OID_PKCS12_PBEIDS}.4",
-	 "PKCS12_PBEIDS_SHAAND128BITRC2CBC" => "${OID_PKCS12_PBEIDS}.5", 
-	 "PKCS12_PBEIDS_SHAAND40BITRC2CBC" => "${OID_PKCS12_PBEIDS}.6",
-
-	 # Symbian dev cert extensions
-	 "SYMBIAN_DEVICE_ID_LIST" => "1.2.826.0.1.1796587.1.1.1.1",
-	 "SYMBIAN_SID_LIST" => "1.2.826.0.1.1796587.1.1.1.4",
-	 "SYMBIAN_VID_LIST" => "1.2.826.0.1.1796587.1.1.1.5",
-	 "SYMBIAN_CAPABILITIES" => "1.2.826.0.1.1796587.1.1.1.6"
-
-);
-
-my $DER_BOOLEAN_TAG="01";
-my $DER_INTEGER_TAG="02";
-my $DER_BITSTRING_TAG="03";
-my $DER_OCTETSTRING_TAG="04";
-my $DER_NULL_TAG="05";
-my $DER_OID_TAG="06";
-my $DER_ENUMERATED_TAG="0A";
-my $DER_SEQUENCE_TAG="10";
-my $DER_SET_TAG="11";
-my $DER_UTF8STRING_TAG="0C";
-my $DER_PRINTABLESTRING_TAG="13";
-my $DER_IA5STRING_TAG="16";
-my $DER_UTCTIME_TAG="17";
-my $DER_BMPSTRING_TAG="1E";
-
-my $UNIVERSAL_CLASS="UNIVERSAL";
-my $APPLICATION_CLASS="APPLICATION";
-my $CONTEXT_SPECIFIC_CLASS="CONTEXT-SPECIFIC";
-my $PRIVATE_CLASS="PRIVATE";
-
-my %PARSE = 
-	(
-	 "BOOL" => \&parseBoolean,
-	 "BOOLEAN" => \&parseBoolean,
-	 "BIGINTEGER" => \&parseBigInteger,
-	 "BITSTRING" => \&parseBitString,
-	 "BITSTRING_WRAPPER" => \&parseBitStringWrapper,
-	 "BMPSTRING" => \&parseBmpString,
-	 "BMPSTRING_FILE" => \&parseBmpStringFile,
-	 "ENUMERATED" => \&parseEnumerated,
-	 "IA5STRING" => \&parseIA5String,
-	 "IA5STRING_FILE" => \&parseIA5StringFile,
-	 "INCLUDE" => \&parseInclude,
-	 "INCLUDE_BINARY_FILE" => \&parseIncludeBinaryFile,
-	 "INTEGER" => \&parseInteger,
-	 "INT" => \&parseInteger,
-	 "IMPLICIT" => \&parseImplicit,
-	 "ENCRYPT" => \&parseEncrypt,
-	 "EXPLICIT" => \&parseExplicit,
-	 "HASH" => \&parseHash,
-	 "HMAC" => \&parseHmac,
-	 "NULL" => \&parseNull,
-	 "OCTETSTRING" => \&parseOctetString,
-	 "OUTPUT_BINARY_FILE" => \&parseOutputFile,
-	 "OID" => \&parseOid,
-	 "PRINTABLESTRING" => \&parsePrintableString,
-	 "PRINTABLESTRING_FILE" => \&parsePrintableStringFile,
-	 "RAW" => \&parseRaw,
-	 "SEQUENCE" => \&parseSequence,
-	 "SEQ" => \&parseSequence,
-	 "SET" => \&parseSet,
-	 "SHELL" => \&parseShell,
-	 "SIGN" => \&parseSign,
-	 "UTCTIME" => \&parseUtcTime,
-	 "UTF8STRING" => \&parseUtf8String,
-	 "UTF8STRING_FILE" => \&parseUtf8StringFile,
-	 );
-
-my $TABS = "";
-
-&main;
-exit(0);
-
-sub main() {
-	my $hex;
-	my $out;
-	my $in;	
-	my @lines;
-
-	GetOptions('debug=i' => \$DEBUG,
-			   'hex' => \$hex, 
-			   'in=s' => \$in,
-			   'out=s' => \$out);
-
-	if (! defined $in) {
-		$in = $ARGV[0];
-	}
-
-	if (! defined $out) {
-		$out = $ARGV[1];
-	}
-
-	if (defined $in) {
-		@lines = readFile($in);
-	}
-	else {
-		die "No input file specified.\n";
-	}
-
-	if (defined $out) {
-		open OUT, ">$out" || die "Cannot open output file $out";
-	}
-	else {
-		*OUT = *STDOUT;
-	}
-
-	my $oc = 0;
-	my $asnHex = parseScript(\@lines, \$oc);
-	$asnHex = tidyHex($asnHex);
-
-	if ((!defined $hex) && (defined $out)) {
-		binmode(OUT);
-		print OUT toBin($asnHex);
-	}
-	elsif (defined $out) {
-		print OUT $asnHex;
-	}
-	else {
-		print $asnHex;
-	}
-
-	close OUT;
-}
-
-sub tidyHex($) {
-	my ($input) = @_;	
-	$input =~ s/:+/:/g;
-	$input =~ s/(^:|:$)//g;
-	return uc($input);
-}
-
-sub toBin($) {
-	my ($asnHex) = @_;
-
-	$asnHex =~ s/[\s:]//g;
-	$asnHex = uc($asnHex);
-	
-	my $len = length($asnHex);
-	if ($len % 2 != 0) {
-		die "toBin: hex string contains an odd number ($len) of octets.\n$asnHex\n";
-	}
-
-	my $binary;
-	$binary .= pack("H${len}", $asnHex);
-#	for (my $i = 0; $i < length($asnHex); $i+=2) {
-#		$binary .= pack('C', substr($asnHex, $i, 2));
-#	}
-	return $binary;
-}
-
-sub parseScript($$;$) {
-	my ($lines, $oc, $params) = @_;
-	my $derHex = "";
-
-	nest();
-	substVars($lines, $params);
-
-	while (my $line = shift @$lines) {
-		chomp($line);
-
-		# Remove leading spaces
-		$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
-  
-		# skip comments 
-		next if ($line =~ /^\/\//);
-
-		if ($DEBUG == 3) {
-			print "${TABS}:PARSE parseScript: $line\n";
-		}
-
-		my $argString;
-		my $cmd;
-		if ($line =~ /(\w+)\s*\{/ ) {
-			# parse block commands e.g. large integer
-			$cmd = uc($1);
-			
-			$line =~ s/.*\{//g;
-			while (defined $line && !($line =~ /(^|[^\\]+)\}/) ) {
-				$argString .= $line;
-				$line = shift(@$lines);				
-			}
-			if (defined $line) {
-				# append everything up to the closing curly bracket
-				$line =~ s/(^|[^\\])\}.*/$1/g;
-				$argString .= $line;
-			}
-		}	
-		elsif ($line =~ /(\w+)\s*=*(.*)/) {
-			# parse commands of the form key = value
-			$cmd = uc($1);
-			$argString = defined $2 ? $2 : "";			
-		}
-
-		if (defined $cmd) {
-			if ($cmd =~ /^END/) {
-				leaveNest();
-				if ($DEBUG) {
-					print "${TABS}:PARSE END\n";
-				}
-				return $derHex;
-			}
-			elsif (! defined $PARSE{$cmd}) {
-				die "parseScript: Unknown command: $cmd\n";
-			}
-			else {
-				if ($DEBUG) {
-					print "${TABS}:PARSE CMD=$cmd";					
-					if ($argString ne "") {print " ARG: $argString";}
-					print "\n";
-				}
-				
-				# Substitue variables in argString
-				$derHex .= ":" . &{$PARSE{$cmd}}($argString, $oc, $lines);
-			}
-		}
-
-	}
-	leaveNest();
-	return $derHex;
-}
-
-sub substVars($$) {
-	my ($lines, $params) = @_;
-
-	if (! defined $params) {
-		@$params = ();
-	}
-
-	for (my $i = 0; $i < scalar(@$lines); $i++) {
-		my $line = @$lines[$i];
-		my $paramIndex = 1;
-
-		# For each parameter search for the a use of $N where
-		# N is the index of the parameter and replace $N with the
-		# value of the parameter
-		foreach (@$params) {
-			$line =~ s/\$${paramIndex}(\D|$)/$_$1/g;	
-			++$paramIndex;
-		}
-		
-		# Remove any unused parameters
-		$line =~ s/\$\d+//g;
-		@$lines[$i] = $line;
-	}
-}
-
-sub readFile($) {
-	my ($fileName) = @_;
-	my $inFile;
-
-	if ($DEBUG) {
-		print "readFile, $fileName\n";
-	}
-
-	open($inFile, $fileName) || die "readFile: cannot open $fileName\n";	
-	my @lines = <$inFile>;
-	close $inFile;
-
-	return @lines;
-}
-
-sub parseBitString($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
-	return encodeBitString($argString, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseBitStringWrapper($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
-
-	my $contents_oc = 0;
-	my $contents = parseScript($lines, \$contents_oc);
-
-	my $binary = toBin($contents);
-	my $bitCount = $contents_oc * 8;
-	my $bitStr = unpack("B${bitCount}", $binary);
-
-	# remove trailing zeros - breaks signatures so disable for the moment
-	# $bitStr =~ s/0*$//g;
-	
-	return encodeBitString($bitStr, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseBmpString($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
-	
-	my $bmpString_oc = 0;
-	my $bmpString = asciiToBmpString($argString, \$bmpString_oc);
-	return encodeBmpString($bmpString, $bmpString_oc, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseBmpStringFile($$;$) {
-	my ($binFName, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	$binFName =~ s/\s*//g;
-	
-	my $bmpString_oc = 0;
-	my $bmpString = encodeBinaryFile($binFName, \$bmpString_oc);	
-	
-	return encodeBmpString($bmpString, $bmpString_oc, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseBoolean($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	
-	$argString =~ s/\s//g;
-	$argString = lc($argString);
-
-	my $bool;
-	if ($argString eq "t" || $argString eq "true" || $argString eq "1") {
-		$bool = 1;
-	}
-	elsif ($argString eq "f" || $argString eq "false" || $argString eq "0") {
-		$bool = 0;
-	}
-	else {
-		die "parseBoolean: Invalid boolean value \'$argString\'";
-	}
-	
-	return encodeBoolean($bool, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseHash($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	my ($algorithm) = getArgs($argString);
-
-	if (! defined $algorithm) {
-		die "parseHash: missing algortithm";
-	}
-
-	my $hashIn_oc = 0;
-	my $hashIn = parseScript($lines, \$hashIn_oc);
-
-	my $hashInFName = '_hashin.tmp';
-	my $hashOutFName = '_hashout.tmp';
-
-	# Create binary hash file
-	my $hashInFh;
-	open($hashInFh, ">$hashInFName") or die "Cannot create $hashInFName";
-	binmode($hashInFh);
-	print $hashInFh toBin($hashIn);
-	close $hashInFh;
-
-	my @command = ("cmd",
-				   "/C \"openssl dgst -${algorithm} -binary $hashInFName > $hashOutFName\"");	
-	if ($DEBUG == 1) {
-		print "${TABS}:parseHash:" . join(" ", @command) . "\n";
-	}
-
-	if ((my $err = system(@command)) != 0) {
-		die "parseHash: " . join(" ", @command) . "\nreturned error $err";
-	}
-
-	my $derHex = parseIncludeBinaryFile($hashOutFName, $oc);
-	
-	if (! $DEBUG) {
-		unlink($hashInFName);
-		unlink($hashOutFName);
-	}
-	return $derHex;
-}
-
-sub parseHmac($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	my ($algorithm, $key) = getArgs($argString);
-
-	if (! defined $algorithm) {
-		die "parseHmac: missing algortithm";
-	}
-	$algorithm = uc($algorithm);
-	if (! $algorithm =~ /MD5|SHA1/) {
-		die "parseHmac: invalid algorithm $algorithm";
-	}
-
-	if (! defined $key) {
-		die "parseHmac: missing key";
-	}
-
-	my $hmacIn_oc = 0;
-	my $hmacIn = toBin(parseScript($lines, \$hmacIn_oc));
-	my $hmac;
-	my $binKey = toBin($key);
-
-	if ($algorithm eq "SHA1") {
-
-		$hmac = Digest::HMAC_SHA1->new($binKey);
-	}
-	else {
-		$hmac = Digest::HMAC_MD5->new($binKey);
-	}
-	$hmac->add($hmacIn);
-	my $digest = $hmac->digest;
-	$$oc += length($digest);
-
-	return toHex($digest);
-}
-
-sub parseIA5String($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
-	
-	my $ia5String_oc = 0;
-	my $ia5String = asciiToIA5String($argString, \$ia5String_oc);
-	return encodeIA5String($ia5String, $ia5String_oc, $oc);
-}
-
-
-sub parseIA5StringFile($$;$) {
-	my ($binFName, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	$binFName =~ s/\s*//g;
-	
-	my $ia5String_oc = 0;
-	my $ia5String = encodeBinaryFile($binFName, \$ia5String_oc);	
-	
-	return encodeIA5String($ia5String, $ia5String_oc, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseIncludeBinaryFile($$;$) {
-	my ($binFName, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	$binFName =~ s/\s*//g;
-	
-	return encodeBinaryFile($binFName, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseInclude($$$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;   
-	my @args = getArgs($argString);
-
-   	my $fileName = shift(@args);
-	if (! (defined $fileName && $fileName ne "")) {
-		die "parseInclude: Filename not specified\n";
-	}
-
-	my $derHex = "";
-	my @lines = readFile($fileName);	
-	$derHex = parseScript(\@lines, $oc, \@args);
-	return $derHex;
-}
-
-sub parseInteger($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	
-	$argString =~ s/\s//g;
-	return encodeInteger($argString, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseBigInteger($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	
-	$argString =~ s/\s//g;
-	return encodeBigInteger($argString, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseEncrypt($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;		
-	my ($cipher, $key, $iv) = getArgs($argString);
-
-	if (! defined $cipher) {
-		die "parseEncrypt: missing cipher\n";
-	}
-
-	if (! defined $key) {
-		die "parseEncrypt: missing key\n";
-	}
-
-	my $plainText_oc = 0;
-	my $plainText = parseScript($lines, \$plainText_oc);
-
-	my $plainTextFName = '_plaintext.tmp';
-	my $cipherTextFName = '_ciphertext.tmp';
-
-	# Create binary plaintext file
-	my $plainTextFh;
-	open($plainTextFh, ">$plainTextFName") or die "Cannot create $plainTextFName";
-	binmode($plainTextFh);
-	print $plainTextFh toBin($plainText);
-	close $plainTextFh;
-
-	my @command = ('openssl', 
-				   'enc', 
-				   "-${cipher}", 
-				   '-e',
-				   '-K', $key,
-				   '-in', $plainTextFName, 
-				   '-out', $cipherTextFName);
-
-	if (defined $iv) {
-		push @command, '-iv', $iv;
-	}
-	
-	if ($DEBUG == 1) {
-		print "${TABS}:parseEncrypt:" . join(" ", @command) . "\n";
-	}
-
-	if ((my $err = system(@command)) != 0) {
-		die "parseEncrypt: " . join(" ", @command) . "\nreturned error $err";
-	}
-
-	my $derHex = parseIncludeBinaryFile($cipherTextFName, $oc);
-	
-	if (! $DEBUG) {
-		unlink($plainTextFName);
-		unlink($cipherTextFName);
-	}
-	return $derHex;
-}
-
-sub parseEnumerated($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	
-	$argString =~ s/\s//g;
-	return encodeEnumerated($argString, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseExplicit($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
-	my ($tagNumber, $class) = getArgs($argString);
-
-	if (! defined $tagNumber || $tagNumber =~ /^\s*$/) {
-		$tagNumber = "0";
-	}
-	elsif (!($tagNumber =~ /^[0-9A-Fa-f]+$/)) {
-		die "parseExplicit: invalid tag number: \'$tagNumber\'";
-	}
-	$tagNumber = hex($tagNumber);
-
-	if (!defined $class || $class =~ /^\s*$/) {
-		$class = $CONTEXT_SPECIFIC_CLASS;
-	}
-	else {
-		$class =~ s/\s*//g;
-		$class = uc($class);
-	}
-
-	if (! isValidClass($class)) {
-		die "parseExplicit: invalid class \'$class\'";
-	}
-	
-	my $nested_oc = 0;
-	my $nested = parseScript($lines, \$nested_oc);
-
-	return encodeExplicit($class, $tagNumber, $nested, $nested_oc, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseImplicit($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
-	my ($tagNumber, $class) = getArgs($argString);
-
-	if (! defined $tagNumber || $tagNumber =~ /^\s*$/) {
-		$tagNumber = "0";
-	}
-	elsif (!($tagNumber =~ /^[0-9A-Fa-f]+$/)) {
-		die "parseImplicit: invalid tag number: \'$tagNumber\'";
-	}
-	$tagNumber = hex($tagNumber);
-
-	if (!defined $class || $class =~ /^\s*$/) {
-		$class = $CONTEXT_SPECIFIC_CLASS;
-	}
-	else {
-		$class =~ s/\s*//g;
-		$class = uc($class);
-	}
-
-	if (! isValidClass($class)) {
-		die "parseImplicit: invalid class \'$class\'";
-	}
-	
-	my $nested_oc = 0;
-	my $nested = tidyHex(parseScript($lines, \$nested_oc));
-
-	# De-construct the nested data to allow the underlying type tag to be
-	# changed. The output of parseScript had better be valid DER or this 
-	# will go horribly wrong !
-	my $uClass = "";
-	my $uConstructed = 0;
-	my $uTag = 0;
-	my $uLength = 0;
-	my $uValue = "";
-	getTlv($nested, \$uClass, \$uConstructed, \$uTag, \$uLength, \$uValue);
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}parseImplicit: underlyingType \'$uTag\'\n";
-	}
-	
-	# This only works for low tag numbers because we are assuming that the type
-	# tag is a single octet
-	return encodeImplicit($class, $uConstructed, $tagNumber, $uValue, $uLength, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseNull($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	
-	return encodeNull($oc);
-}
-
-sub parseOctetString($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
-	
-	my $octetString_oc = 0;
-	my $octetString = parseScript($lines, \$octetString_oc);
-
-	return encodeOctetString($octetString, $octetString_oc, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseOid($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	$argString =~ s/\s//g;
-	$argString = uc($argString);
-
-	if (! defined $argString) {
-		die "parseOid: Missing OID value.";
-	}
-
-	foreach (keys %OIDS) {
-		if ($argString =~ /$_/) {
-			$argString =~ s/\Q$_\E/$OIDS{$_}/g;
-		}
-	}
-	return encodeOid($argString, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseOutputFile($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
-	my ($outputFile,$echo) = split(/,/, $argString);
-	
-	if (! defined $outputFile) {
-		die "parseOutputFile: Missing file-name.\n";
-	}
-	
-	my $content_oc = 0;
-	my $content = parseScript($lines, \$content_oc);
-
-	my $outFh;
-	if (! open($outFh, ">${outputFile}")) {
-		die "parseOutputFile: Cannot create $outputFile\n";
-	}
-	binmode($outFh);
-	print $outFh toBin($content);
-	close $outFh;
-	
-	# If echo is specified then include then contents of the output 
-	# file at this point in the stream.
-	if (defined $echo && $echo =~ /(1|t|true)/i) {
-		$$oc += $content_oc;
-		return $content;		
-	}
-	else {
-		return "";
-	}
-}
-
-sub parsePrintableString($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
-	
-	my $printableString_oc = 0;
-	my $printableString = asciiToPrintableString($argString, \$printableString_oc);
-	return encodePrintableString($printableString, $printableString_oc, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parsePrintableStringFile($$;$) {
-	my ($binFName, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	$binFName =~ s/\s*//g;
-	
-	my $printableString_oc = 0;
-	my $printableString = encodeBinaryFile($binFName, \$printableString_oc);	
-	
-	return encodePrintableString($printableString, $printableString_oc, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseRaw($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	$argString =~ s/\s//g;
-	$argString = uc($argString);
-	
-	my $asnHex = "";
-	if (! ($argString =~ /(([A-Fa-f\d][A-Fa-f\d])[ :]*)+/)) {
-		die "parseRaw: Invalid hex string: $argString\n";
-	}
-	my $binary = toBin($argString);
-	$$oc += length($binary);
-	return tidyHex(toHex($binary));
-}
-
-sub parseSequence($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
-	
-	my $sequence_oc = 0;
-	my $sequence = parseScript($lines, \$sequence_oc);
-
-	return encodeSequence($sequence, $sequence_oc, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseSet($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
-	
-	my $set_oc = 0;
-	my $set = parseScript($lines, \$set_oc);
-
-	return encodeSet($set, $set_oc, $oc);
-}
-
-# Create a PKCS#7 signed data object for a chunk of data using 
-# OpenSSL's SMIME command
-sub parseSign($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	my ($signerCert, $signerKey) = getArgs($argString);
-
-	if (! defined $signerCert) {
-		die "parseSign: missing signing certificate";
-	}
-	elsif (! -f $signerCert) {
-		die "parseSign: signing certificate \'$signerCert\' does not exist.";
-	}
-
-	if (! defined $signerKey) {
-		die "parseSign: missing signing certificate";
-	}
-	elsif (! -f $signerKey) {
-		die "parseSign: signing key \'$signerKey\' does not exist.";
-	}
-
-	my $unsigned_oc = 0;
-	my $unsigned = parseScript($lines, \$unsigned_oc);
-
-	my $unsignedFName = '_unsigned.tmp';
-	my $signedFName = '_signed.tmp';
-
-	# Create binary unsigned data file
-	my $unsignedFh;
-	open($unsignedFh, ">$unsignedFName") or die "Cannot create $unsignedFName";
-	binmode($unsignedFh);
-	print $unsignedFh toBin($unsigned);
-	close $unsignedFh;
-
-	my @command = ('openssl', 
-				   'smime', 
-				   '-pk7out', 
-				   '-nodetach',
-				   '-outform',
-				   'der',
-				   '-sign',
-				   '-signer',
-				   $signerCert,
-				   '-inkey',
-				   $signerKey,
-				   '-in', $unsignedFName, 
-				   '-out', $signedFName);
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 1) {
-		print "${TABS}:parseSign:" . join(" ", @command) . "\n";
-	}
-
-	if ((my $err = system(@command)) != 0) {
-		die "parseSign: " . join(" ", @command) . "\nreturned error $err";
-	}
-
-	my $derHex = parseIncludeBinaryFile($signedFName, $oc);
-	
-	if (! $DEBUG) {
-		unlink($unsignedFName);
-		unlink($signedFName);
-	}
-	return $derHex;
-}
-
-sub parseShell($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	my @command = getArgs($argString);
-
-	if (scalar(@command) < 1) {
-		die "parseShell: no arguments";
-	}
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 1) {
-		print "${TABS}:parseShell:" . join(" ", @command) . "\n";
-	}
-
-	if ((my $err = system(@command)) != 0) {
-		die "parseShell: " . join(" ", @command) . "\nreturned error $err";
-	}
-	return "";
-}
-
-sub parseUtcTime($$;$) {
-	my ($time, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
-	$time =~ s/\s//g;
-
-	my $time_oc = length($time);
-	return encodeUtcTime(toHex($time), $time_oc, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseUtf8String($$;$) {
-	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
-	
-	my $utf8String_oc = 0;
-	my $utf8String = asciiToUtf8String($argString, \$utf8String_oc);
-	return encodeUtf8String($utf8String, $utf8String_oc, $oc);
-}
-
-sub parseUtf8StringFile($$;$) {
-	my ($binFName, $oc, $lines) = @_;
-	$binFName =~ s/\s*//g;
-	
-	my $utf8String_oc = 0;
-	my $utf8String = encodeBinaryFile($binFName, \$utf8String_oc);	
-	
-	return encodeUtf8String($utf8String, $utf8String_oc, $oc);
-}
-
-sub toHex($) {
-	my ($bin) = @_;
-	my $hex = unpack("H" . (length($bin) * 2), $bin);
-	$hex =~ s/(..)/$1:/g;
-	return $hex;
-}
-
-sub encodeBinaryFile($$) {
-	my ($binFName, $oc) = @_;
-
-	my $binFH;
-	open($binFH, "$binFName") || die "encodeBinaryFile: Cannot open $binFName\n";
-	binmode($binFH);
-
-	my $binBuf;
-	my $readBuf;
-	my $derHex = "";
-	while (my $len = sysread($binFH, $readBuf, 1024)) {
-		$binBuf .= $readBuf;
-		$$oc += $len;
-	}
-	close $binFH;	
-
-	return toHex($binBuf);;
-}
-
-# Creates a hex representation of the DER encoding of an arbitrary length bit string
-sub encodeBitString($$) {
-	my ($text, $oc) = @_;
-
-	# Bit string in hex including padding length octet
-	my $bit_str = "";
-	my $bit_str_oc = 1; # one octet for padding
-
-	# Current byte
-	my $byte = 0;	
-	my $len = length($text);
-
-	if ($len == 0) {
-		$$oc+=2;
-		return "03:00";
-	}
-
-	my $i = 0;
-	while ($i < $len) {		
-
-		# Read the ith character and insert it in the correct place in the byte
-		# (fill from the left)
-		my $c = substr($text, $i, 1);		
-		if ($c eq "1") {
-			$byte |= (1 << (7 - ($i % 8)));
-		}
-		elsif ($c ne "0") {
-			die "Invalid character $c in bit string $text";
-		}
-
-		if (++$i % 8 == 0) {
-			# Received 8 bits so output byte in hex
-			if ($bit_str ne "") {
-				$bit_str .= ":";
-			}
-			$bit_str .= sprintf("%2.2x", $byte);
-			$bit_str_oc++;
-			$byte = 0;
-		}
-	}
-	# Pad any remaining bits / make sure 0 is output for empty string
-	if ($byte != 0 || $bit_str_oc == 1) {
-		if ($bit_str ne "") {
-			$bit_str .= ":";
-		}
-		$bit_str .= sprintf("%2.2x", $byte);
-		$bit_str_oc++;
-	}
-
-	my $pad_length = "00";
-	if ($len % 8 > 0) {
-		# If this isn't a multiple of 8 bits then calculated
-		# the number of padding bits added.
-		$pad_length = sprintf("%2.2x", 8 - ($len % 8));
-	}
-	
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC:encodeBitString, $bit_str_oc\n";
-	}
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_BITSTRING_TAG, $bit_str_oc, "$pad_length:$bit_str");
-}
-
-# Creates a hex represenation of the DER encoding of a BMPSTRING
-sub encodeBmpString($$$) {
-	my ($bmpString, $bmpString_oc, $oc) = @_;
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC:encodeBmpString, $bmpString_oc\n";
-	}
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_BMPSTRING_TAG, $bmpString_oc, $bmpString);
-}
-
-sub encodeBoolean($$) {
-	my ($value, $oc) = @_;
-
-	my $boolean = "00";
-	if ($value) {
-		$boolean = "FF";
-	}
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC:encodeBoolean, 1\n";
-	}
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_BOOLEAN_TAG, 1, $boolean);
-}
-
-sub encodeEnumerated($$) {
-	my ($int, $oc) = @_;
-
-	$int =~ s/\s//g;
-
-	if (! ($int =~ /^-??\d+$/ || $int =~ /0x[0-9A-Fa-f]+/)) {
-		die "encodeEnumerated: Invalid argument: $int\n";
-	}
-	
-	if ($int =~ s/^0x//) {
-		$int = hex;
-	}
-	
-	# Convert the enumerated to base 256 hex and find out how
-	# many octets were required
-	my $hex_enumerated_oc = 0;
-	my $hex_enumerated = "";
-	
-	if ($int ne "") {
-		$hex_enumerated = encodeBase256($int, \$hex_enumerated_oc);
-	}
-		
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC: , $hex_enumerated_oc\n";
-	}	
-
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_ENUMERATED_TAG, $hex_enumerated_oc, $hex_enumerated);
-}
-
-# explicit tags are always constructed
-sub encodeExplicit($$$$) {
-	my ($class, $tagNumber, $explicit, $explicit_oc, $oc) = @_;
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC: explicit, $explicit_oc\n";
-	}
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $tagNumber, $explicit_oc, $explicit, 1, $class);
-}
-
-# Creates a hex represenation of the DER encoding of an IA5 string
-sub encodeIA5String($$) {
-	my ($ia5String, $ia5String_oc, $oc) = @_;
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC:encodeIA5String, $ia5String_oc\n";
-	}
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_IA5STRING_TAG, $ia5String_oc, $ia5String);
-}
-
-sub encodeImplicit($$$$$) {
-	my ($class, $constructed, $tagNumber, $implicit, $implicit_oc, $oc) = @_;
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC: implicit, $implicit_oc\n";
-	}
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $tagNumber, $implicit_oc, $implicit, $constructed, $class);
-}
-
-sub encodeBigInteger($$) {
-	my ($hexString, $oc) = @_;
-
-	my $bin = toBin($hexString);
-	my $int = toHex($bin);
-	my $int_oc = length($bin);
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC: bigInteger, $int_oc\n";
-	}
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_INTEGER_TAG, $int_oc, $int)
-}
-
-sub encodeInteger($$) {
-	my ($int, $oc) = @_;
-
-	$int =~ s/\s//g;
-
-	if (! ($int =~ /^-??\d+$/ || $int =~ /0x[0-9A-Fa-f]+/)) {
-		die "encodeInteger: Invalid argument: $int\n";
-	}
-	
-	if ($int =~ s/^0x//) {
-		$int = hex;
-	}
-	
-	# Convert the integer to base 256 hex and find out how
-	# many octets were required
-	my $hex_integer_oc = 0;
-	my $hex_integer = "";
-	
-	if ($int ne "") {
-		$hex_integer = encodeBase256($int, \$hex_integer_oc);
-	}
-		
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC: integer, $hex_integer_oc\n";
-	}	
-
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_INTEGER_TAG, $hex_integer_oc, $hex_integer);
-}
-
-sub encodeNull($) {
-	my ($oc) = @_;	
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_NULL_TAG, 0, "");
-}
-
-sub encodeOctetString($$$) {
-	my ($octetString, $octetString_oc, $oc) = @_;
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC: octetString, $octetString_oc\n";
-	}
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_OCTETSTRING_TAG, $octetString_oc, $octetString);
-}
-
-sub encodeOid($$) {
-	my ($text, $oc) = @_;
-
-	my @fields = split /\./, $text;
-	
-	if (! ($fields[0] >= 0 && $fields[0] <=2) ) { 
-		die "Invalid OID: $text\n";
-	}
-	if (! ($fields[1] >= 0 && $fields[1] <= 39) ) {
-		die "Invalid OID: $text";
-	}
-		
-	my $oid = sprintf("%2.2x", (40 * $fields[0]) + $fields[1]);
-	my $oid_oc = 1;
-	shift @fields;
-	shift @fields;
-
-	foreach (@fields) {		
-		$oid .= ":" . encodeBase128($_, \$oid_oc);
-	}
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC:encodeOid, $oid_oc\n";
-	}
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_OID_TAG, $oid_oc, $oid);
-}
-
-# Creates a hex represenation of the DER encoding of a PRINTABLE string
-sub encodePrintableString($$$) {
-	my ($printableString, $printableString_oc, $oc) = @_;
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC:encodePrintableString, $printableString_oc\n";
-	}
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_PRINTABLESTRING_TAG, $printableString_oc, $printableString);
-}
-
-sub encodeSet($$$) {
-	my ($set, $set_oc, $oc) = @_;
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC: set, $set_oc\n";
-	}
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_SET_TAG, $set_oc, $set, 1);
-}
-
-sub encodeSequence($$$) {
-	my ($sequence, $sequence_oc, $oc) = @_;
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC: sequence, $sequence_oc\n";
-	}
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_SEQUENCE_TAG, $sequence_oc, $sequence, 1);
-}
-
-sub encodeUtcTime($$$) {
-	my ($utcTime, $utcTime_oc, $oc) = @_;
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC: UTCTime, $utcTime_oc\n";
-	}
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_UTCTIME_TAG, $utcTime_oc, $utcTime);
-}
-
-# Creates a hex represenation of the DER encoding of a UTF-8 string.
-sub encodeUtf8String($$) {
-	my ($utf8String, $utf8String_oc, $oc) = @_;
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC:encodeUTF8String, $utf8String_oc\n";
-	}
-	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_UTF8STRING_TAG, $utf8String_oc, $utf8String);
-}
-
-sub asciiToBmpString($$) {
-	my ($input, $oc) = @_;
-
-	my $bmpString = "";
-	my $input_len = length($input);
-	$$oc += $input_len * 2;
-
-	for (my $i = 0; $i < $input_len; ++$i) {
-		my $hex_val = ord(substr($input, $i, 1));
-		if ($bmpString ne "") {
-			$bmpString .= ":";
-		}
-		$bmpString .= sprintf(":00:%2.2x", $hex_val);
-	}	
-	return $bmpString;
-}
-
-sub asciiToIA5String($$) {
-	my ($input, $oc) = @_;
-
-	my $printableString = "";
-	my $input_len = length($input);
-	$$oc += $input_len;
-
-	for (my $i = 0; $i < $input_len; ++$i) {
-		my $hex_val = ord(substr($input, $i, 1));
-		if ($printableString ne "") {
-			$printableString .= ":";
-		}
-		$printableString .= sprintf(":%2.2x", $hex_val);
-	}	
-	return $printableString;
-}
-
-sub asciiToPrintableString($$) {
-	my ($input, $oc) = @_;
-
-	my $ia5String = "";
-	my $input_len = length($input);
-	$$oc += $input_len;
-
-	for (my $i = 0; $i < $input_len; ++$i) {
-		my $hex_val = ord(substr($input, $i, 1));
-		if ($ia5String ne "") {
-			$ia5String .= ":";
-		}
-		$ia5String .= sprintf(":%2.2x", $hex_val);
-	}	
-	return $ia5String;
-}
-
-sub asciiToUtf8String($$) {
-	my ($input, $oc) = @_;
-
-	my $utf8String = "";
-	my $input_len = length($input);
-	$$oc += $input_len;
-
-	for (my $i = 0; $i < $input_len; ++$i) {
-		my $hex_val = ord(substr($input, $i, 1));
-		if ($utf8String ne "") {
-			$utf8String .= ":";
-		}
-		$utf8String .= sprintf(":%2.2x", $hex_val);
-	}	
-	return $utf8String;
-}
-
-sub encodeBase128($$$) {
-	my ($num, $oc) = @_;
-
-	my $base128 = "";
-	$num = int($num);
-	my $base128_length = 0;
-
-	while ($num > 0) {
-		my $hexoctet;
-
-		if ($base128 eq "") {
-			$hexoctet = sprintf("%2.2x", $num & 0x7f);
-		}
-		else {
-			$hexoctet = sprintf("%2.2x", ($num & 0x7f) | 0x80);
-		}
-		
-		if ($base128 eq "") {			
-			$base128 = $hexoctet;	   
-		}
-		else {
-			$base128 = "$hexoctet:$base128";
-		}		
-
-		$num >>= 7;
-		$base128_length++;
-	}
-	if ($base128 eq "") {
-		$base128 = "00";
-		$base128_length++;
-	}
-
-	$$oc += $base128_length;
-	
-	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
-		print "${TABS}:ENC: base128, $base128_length, $$oc\n";
-	}
-
-	return $base128;
-}
-
-# Return a hex represenation of the length using DER primitive (definate length encoding)
-sub encodeLength($$) {
-	my ($num, $oc) = @_;
-
-	if ($num < 128) {
-		# Number is < 128 so encode in short form
-		$$oc++;
-		return sprintf("%2.2x", $num);
-	}
-	else {
-		# Number >= 128 so encode in long form
-		my $length_oc = 0;
-		my $base256 = &encodeBase256($num, \$length_oc, 1);
-		if ($length_oc > 127) {die "Encoding overflow.";}
-		
-		$$oc += 1 + $length_oc;
-		
-		# Set the top bit of the length octet to indicate long form		
-		return "" . sprintf("%2.2x", ($length_oc | 0x80)) . ":$base256";
-	}
-}
-
-# Convert an integer into an ascii hex representation in base 256
-# $num    - the number to encode
-# $octets - refernce to the octet count to increment
-# $unsigned - assume unsigned
-sub encodeBase256($$) {
-	my ($numIn, $oc, $unsigned) = @_;
-
-	my $base256 = "";
-	my $num = int($numIn);	
-
-	while ($num != 0) {
-		my $hexoctet = sprintf("%2.2x", $num & 0xFF);
-		if ($base256 ne "") {
-			$base256 = "$hexoctet:$base256";
-		}
-		else {
-			$base256 = $hexoctet;
-		}		
-		$num >>= 8;
-		$$oc++;
-	}
-	if ($base256 eq "") {
-		$base256 = "00";
-		$$oc++;
-	}
-
-	# If the integer is +ve and the MSB is 1 then padd with a leading zero 
-	# octet otherwise it will look -ve
-	if ((! $unsigned) && $numIn > 0 && $base256 =~ /^:*[8ABCDEF]/i) {
-		$base256 = "00:$base256";
-		$$oc++;
-	}
-
-	# If the first octet is all ones and the msb of the next bit
-	# is also one then drop the first octet because negative
-	# numbers should not be padded
-	while ($base256 =~ s/^(FF:)([8ABCDEF][0-9A-F].*)/$2/i) {
-		$$oc--;
-	}
-
-	return $base256;
-}
-
-# Encode the Type
-# Only low tag form is supported at the moment
-sub encodeType($$;$$) {
-	my ($oc, $tagNumber, $constructed, $class) = @_;
-
-	$tagNumber = hex($tagNumber);
-
-	if ($tagNumber < 0 || $tagNumber > 30) {
-		die "encodeType: Currently, only low tag numbers (0 - 30) are supported.";
-	}
-
-	if (! defined $class) {
-		$class = "UNIVERSAL";
-	}
-	
-	$class = uc($class);	
-	if (! isValidClass($class)) {
-		die "encodeType: invalid class \'$class\'";
-	}   
-
-	# If the type is constructed then set bit 6
-	if (defined $constructed && $constructed == 1) {
-		$tagNumber |= 0x20;
-	}
-
-	if ($class eq $UNIVERSAL_CLASS) {
-	   # do nothing, bits 7 and 8 are zero
-	}
-	elsif ($class eq $APPLICATION_CLASS) {
-		# set bit 7
-		$tagNumber |= 0x40;
-	}
-	elsif ($class eq $CONTEXT_SPECIFIC_CLASS) {
-		# set bit 8
-		$tagNumber |= 0x80;
-	}
-	elsif ($class eq $PRIVATE_CLASS) {
-		# set bits 7 and 8
-		$tagNumber |= 0xC0;
-	}
-	$$oc++;
-	return sprintf("%2.2x", $tagNumber);
-}
-
-sub encodeTlv($$$$;$$) {
-	my ($oc, $tag, $length, $value, $constructed, $class) = @_;
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 3) {
-		print "${TABS}encodeTlv\n";
-		print "${TABS}oc=$$oc\n";
-		print "${TABS}tag=$tag\n";
-		print "${TABS}length=$length\n";
-		print "${TABS}value=$value\n";
-		if (defined $constructed) {
-			print "${TABS}constructed=$constructed\n";
-		}
-		if (defined $class) {
-			print "${TABS}class=$class\n";
-		}
-	}
-
-	my $hex;
-	$hex = encodeType($oc, $tag, $constructed, $class);
-	$hex .= ":" . encodeLength($length, $oc);
-	$$oc += $length;
-	$hex .= ":" . $value;
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 3) {
-		print "${TABS}oc=$$oc\n";
-		print "${TABS}encoding=$hex\n";
-		print "${TABS}end\n";
-
-		toBin($hex);
-	}
-	return $hex;
-}
-
-# increment debug tabbing level
-sub nest() {
-	$TABS .= "   ";
-}
-
-# decrement debug tabbing level
-sub leaveNest() {
-	$TABS =~ s/^...//;
-}
-
-sub isValidClass($) {
-	my ($class) = @_;
-
-	if (defined $class &&
-		$class =~ /^(UNIVERSAL|APPLICATION|CONTEXT-SPECIFIC|PRIVATE)$/) {
-		return 1;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-# Parse a DER field
-sub getTlv($$$$$$) {
-	my ($input, $class, $constructed, $tag, $length, $value) = @_;
-	
-	my @hexOctets = split(/:+/,tidyHex($input));
-	
-	if (scalar(@hexOctets) < 2) {
-		die "getTlv: too short";
-	}
-
-	my $type = hex(shift @hexOctets);
-	if (($type & 0xC0) == 0x00) {
-		# universal: bit 8 = 0, bit 7 = 0
-		$$class = $UNIVERSAL_CLASS;
-	}
-	elsif (($type & 0xC0) == 0x40) {
-		# application: bit 8 = 0, bit 7 = 1
-		$$class = $APPLICATION_CLASS;
-	}
-	elsif (($type & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
-		# application: bit 8 = 1, bit 7 = 0
-		$$class = $CONTEXT_SPECIFIC_CLASS;
-	}
-	elsif (($type & 0xC0) == 0xC0) {
-		# application: bit 8 = 1, bit 7 = 1
-		$$class = $PRIVATE_CLASS;
-	}
-	else {
-		die "getTlv: assert";
-	}
-
-	if ($type & 0x20) {
-		# constructed if bit 6 = 1
-		$$constructed = 1;
-	}
-	else {
-		$$constructed = 0;
-	}
-	
-	# We assumme the tag number is in low form
-	# and just look at the bottom 5 hits
-	$$tag = $type & 0x1F;
-
-	$$length = hex(shift @hexOctets);
-	if ($$length & 0x80) {
-		# long form
-		my $length_oc = $$length & 0x7F;
-		$$length = 0;
-		for (my $i = 0; $i < $length_oc; $i++) {
-			# length is encoded base 256
-			$$length *= 256;
-			$$length += hex(shift @hexOctets);
-		}
-	}
-	else {
-		# short form
-		# don't do anything here, length is just bits 7 - 1 and 
-		# we already know bit 8 is zero.
-	}
-
-	$$value = "";
-	foreach (@hexOctets) {
-		$$value .= ":$_";
-	}
-
-	if ($DEBUG == 3) {
-		print "${TABS} class=$$class\n";
-		print "${TABS} constructed=$$constructed\n";
-		print "${TABS} tag=$$tag\n";
-		print "${TABS} length=$$length\n";
-	}
-}
-
-# parse an escaped (\) comma seperated argument string
-# into an array
-sub getArgs($) {
-	my ($argString) = @_;
-	my @args = ();
-	
-	while ($argString =~ /(^|.*?[^\\]),(.*)/ ) {
-		my $match = $1;
-		$argString = $2;
-		if ($match ne "") {
-			
-			# unescape
-			$match =~ s/(\\)([^\\])/$2/g;
-			push @args, $match;
-		}
-	}
-	if ($argString ne "") {
-		push @args, $argString;
-	}
-    return @args;
-}
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
+# All rights reserved.
+# This component and the accompanying materials are made available
+# under the terms of the License "Eclipse Public License v1.0"
+# which accompanies this distribution, and is available
+# at the URL "http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html".
+#
+# Initial Contributors:
+# Nokia Corporation - initial contribution.
+#
+# Contributors:
+#
+# Description: 
+#
+#!/bin/perl -w
+
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2009 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
+# All rights reserved.
+# This component and the accompanying materials are made available
+# under the terms of the License "Symbian Foundation License v1.0"
+# which accompanies this distribution, and is available
+# at the URL "http://www.symbianfoundation.org/legal/sfl-v10.html".
+#
+# Initial Contributors:
+# Nokia Corporation - initial contribution.
+#
+# Contributors:
+#
+# Description:
+# Basic ASN.1 encoding library
+# Some parts of this program requrie OpenSSL which may be freely downloaded
+# from www.openssl.org
+# 
+#
+
+use strict;
+use Digest::HMAC_MD5;
+use Digest::HMAC_SHA1;
+use Getopt::Long;
+
+# 0 = off
+# 1 = log parsing
+# 2 = log parsing + encoding
+# 3 = really verbose stuff
+my $DEBUG=0;
+
+# Turn on validation checks that attempt to only generate
+# valid DER encodings.
+my $VALIDATE=0;
+
+my $OID_PKCS = "1.2.840.113549.1";
+my $OID_PKCS7 ="${OID_PKCS}.7";
+my $OID_PKCS9 = "${OID_PKCS}.9";
+my $OID_PKCS9_CERTTYPES = "${OID_PKCS9}.22"; 
+my $OID_PKCS12 = "${OID_PKCS}.12";
+my $OID_PKCS12_BAGTYPES = "${OID_PKCS12}.10.1";
+my $OID_PKCS12_PBEIDS = "${OID_PKCS12}.1";
+
+my %OIDS = 
+	(
+	 "MD5"  => "1.2.840.113549.2.5",
+	 "SHA1" => "1.3.14.3.2.26",
+	 "X509CRL" => "1.3.6.1.4.1.3627.4",
+
+	 "PKCS7_DATA" => "${OID_PKCS7}.1",
+	 "PKCS7_SIGNEDDATA" => "${OID_PKCS7}.2",
+	 "PKCS7_ENVELOPEDDATA" => "${OID_PKCS7}.3",
+	 "PKCS7_SIGNEDANDENVELOPEDDATA" => "${OID_PKCS7}.4",
+	 "PKCS7_DIGESTEDDATA" => "${OID_PKCS7}.5",
+	 "PKCS7_ENCRYPTEDDATA" => "${OID_PKCS7}.6",	
+	 
+	 "PKCS9_CERTTYPES_PKCS12_X509" => "${OID_PKCS9_CERTTYPES}.1",
+	 "PKCS9_FRIENDLY_NAME" => "${OID_PKCS9}.20",
+	 "PKCS9_LOCAL_KEYID" => "${OID_PKCS9}.21",
+	 
+	 "PKCS12_BAGTYPES_KEYBAG" => "${OID_PKCS12_BAGTYPES}.1",
+	 "PKCS12_BAGTYPES_PKCS8SHROUDEDKEYBAG" => "${OID_PKCS12_BAGTYPES}.2",
+	 "PKCS12_BAGTYPES_CERTBAG" => "${OID_PKCS12_BAGTYPES}.3",
+	 "PKCS12_BAGTYPES_CRLBAG" => "${OID_PKCS12_BAGTYPES}.4",
+	 "PKCS12_BAGTYPES_SECRETBAG" => "${OID_PKCS12_BAGTYPES}.5",
+	 "PKCS12_BAGTYPES_SAFECONTENTSBAG" => "${OID_PKCS12_BAGTYPES}.6",
+
+	 "PKCS12_PBEIDS_SHAAND128BITRC4" => "${OID_PKCS12_PBEIDS}.1",
+	 "PKCS12_PBEIDS_SHAAND40BITRC4" => "${OID_PKCS12_PBEIDS}.2",
+	 "PKCS12_PBEIDS_SHAAND3KEYTRIPLEDESCBC" => "${OID_PKCS12_PBEIDS}.3",
+	 "PKCS12_PBEIDS_SHAAND2KEYTRIPLEDESCBC" => "${OID_PKCS12_PBEIDS}.4",
+	 "PKCS12_PBEIDS_SHAAND128BITRC2CBC" => "${OID_PKCS12_PBEIDS}.5", 
+	 "PKCS12_PBEIDS_SHAAND40BITRC2CBC" => "${OID_PKCS12_PBEIDS}.6",
+
+	 # Symbian dev cert extensions
+	 "SYMBIAN_DEVICE_ID_LIST" => "1.2.826.0.1.1796587.1.1.1.1",
+	 "SYMBIAN_SID_LIST" => "1.2.826.0.1.1796587.1.1.1.4",
+	 "SYMBIAN_VID_LIST" => "1.2.826.0.1.1796587.1.1.1.5",
+	 "SYMBIAN_CAPABILITIES" => "1.2.826.0.1.1796587.1.1.1.6"
+
+);
+
+my $DER_BOOLEAN_TAG="01";
+my $DER_INTEGER_TAG="02";
+my $DER_BITSTRING_TAG="03";
+my $DER_OCTETSTRING_TAG="04";
+my $DER_NULL_TAG="05";
+my $DER_OID_TAG="06";
+my $DER_ENUMERATED_TAG="0A";
+my $DER_SEQUENCE_TAG="10";
+my $DER_SET_TAG="11";
+my $DER_UTF8STRING_TAG="0C";
+my $DER_PRINTABLESTRING_TAG="13";
+my $DER_IA5STRING_TAG="16";
+my $DER_UTCTIME_TAG="17";
+my $DER_BMPSTRING_TAG="1E";
+
+my $UNIVERSAL_CLASS="UNIVERSAL";
+my $APPLICATION_CLASS="APPLICATION";
+my $CONTEXT_SPECIFIC_CLASS="CONTEXT-SPECIFIC";
+my $PRIVATE_CLASS="PRIVATE";
+
+my %PARSE = 
+	(
+	 "BOOL" => \&parseBoolean,
+	 "BOOLEAN" => \&parseBoolean,
+	 "BIGINTEGER" => \&parseBigInteger,
+	 "BITSTRING" => \&parseBitString,
+	 "BITSTRING_WRAPPER" => \&parseBitStringWrapper,
+	 "BMPSTRING" => \&parseBmpString,
+	 "BMPSTRING_FILE" => \&parseBmpStringFile,
+	 "ENUMERATED" => \&parseEnumerated,
+	 "IA5STRING" => \&parseIA5String,
+	 "IA5STRING_FILE" => \&parseIA5StringFile,
+	 "INCLUDE" => \&parseInclude,
+	 "INCLUDE_BINARY_FILE" => \&parseIncludeBinaryFile,
+	 "INTEGER" => \&parseInteger,
+	 "INT" => \&parseInteger,
+	 "IMPLICIT" => \&parseImplicit,
+	 "ENCRYPT" => \&parseEncrypt,
+	 "EXPLICIT" => \&parseExplicit,
+	 "HASH" => \&parseHash,
+	 "HMAC" => \&parseHmac,
+	 "NULL" => \&parseNull,
+	 "OCTETSTRING" => \&parseOctetString,
+	 "OUTPUT_BINARY_FILE" => \&parseOutputFile,
+	 "OID" => \&parseOid,
+	 "PRINTABLESTRING" => \&parsePrintableString,
+	 "PRINTABLESTRING_FILE" => \&parsePrintableStringFile,
+	 "RAW" => \&parseRaw,
+	 "SEQUENCE" => \&parseSequence,
+	 "SEQ" => \&parseSequence,
+	 "SET" => \&parseSet,
+	 "SHELL" => \&parseShell,
+	 "SIGN" => \&parseSign,
+	 "UTCTIME" => \&parseUtcTime,
+	 "UTF8STRING" => \&parseUtf8String,
+	 "UTF8STRING_FILE" => \&parseUtf8StringFile,
+	 );
+
+my $TABS = "";
+
+&main;
+exit(0);
+
+sub main() {
+	my $hex;
+	my $out;
+	my $in;	
+	my @lines;
+
+	GetOptions('debug=i' => \$DEBUG,
+			   'hex' => \$hex, 
+			   'in=s' => \$in,
+			   'out=s' => \$out);
+
+	if (! defined $in) {
+		$in = $ARGV[0];
+	}
+
+	if (! defined $out) {
+		$out = $ARGV[1];
+	}
+
+	if (defined $in) {
+		@lines = readFile($in);
+	}
+	else {
+		die "No input file specified.\n";
+	}
+
+	if (defined $out) {
+		open OUT, ">$out" || die "Cannot open output file $out";
+	}
+	else {
+		*OUT = *STDOUT;
+	}
+
+	my $oc = 0;
+	my $asnHex = parseScript(\@lines, \$oc);
+	$asnHex = tidyHex($asnHex);
+
+	if ((!defined $hex) && (defined $out)) {
+		binmode(OUT);
+		print OUT toBin($asnHex);
+	}
+	elsif (defined $out) {
+		print OUT $asnHex;
+	}
+	else {
+		print $asnHex;
+	}
+
+	close OUT;
+}
+
+sub tidyHex($) {
+	my ($input) = @_;	
+	$input =~ s/:+/:/g;
+	$input =~ s/(^:|:$)//g;
+	return uc($input);
+}
+
+sub toBin($) {
+	my ($asnHex) = @_;
+
+	$asnHex =~ s/[\s:]//g;
+	$asnHex = uc($asnHex);
+	
+	my $len = length($asnHex);
+	if ($len % 2 != 0) {
+		die "toBin: hex string contains an odd number ($len) of octets.\n$asnHex\n";
+	}
+
+	my $binary;
+	$binary .= pack("H${len}", $asnHex);
+#	for (my $i = 0; $i < length($asnHex); $i+=2) {
+#		$binary .= pack('C', substr($asnHex, $i, 2));
+#	}
+	return $binary;
+}
+
+sub parseScript($$;$) {
+	my ($lines, $oc, $params) = @_;
+	my $derHex = "";
+
+	nest();
+	substVars($lines, $params);
+
+	while (my $line = shift @$lines) {
+		chomp($line);
+
+		# Remove leading spaces
+		$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
+  
+		# skip comments 
+		next if ($line =~ /^\/\//);
+
+		if ($DEBUG == 3) {
+			print "${TABS}:PARSE parseScript: $line\n";
+		}
+
+		my $argString;
+		my $cmd;
+		if ($line =~ /(\w+)\s*\{/ ) {
+			# parse block commands e.g. large integer
+			$cmd = uc($1);
+			
+			$line =~ s/.*\{//g;
+			while (defined $line && !($line =~ /(^|[^\\]+)\}/) ) {
+				$argString .= $line;
+				$line = shift(@$lines);				
+			}
+			if (defined $line) {
+				# append everything up to the closing curly bracket
+				$line =~ s/(^|[^\\])\}.*/$1/g;
+				$argString .= $line;
+			}
+		}	
+		elsif ($line =~ /(\w+)\s*=*(.*)/) {
+			# parse commands of the form key = value
+			$cmd = uc($1);
+			$argString = defined $2 ? $2 : "";			
+		}
+
+		if (defined $cmd) {
+			if ($cmd =~ /^END/) {
+				leaveNest();
+				if ($DEBUG) {
+					print "${TABS}:PARSE END\n";
+				}
+				return $derHex;
+			}
+			elsif (! defined $PARSE{$cmd}) {
+				die "parseScript: Unknown command: $cmd\n";
+			}
+			else {
+				if ($DEBUG) {
+					print "${TABS}:PARSE CMD=$cmd";					
+					if ($argString ne "") {print " ARG: $argString";}
+					print "\n";
+				}
+				
+				# Substitue variables in argString
+				$derHex .= ":" . &{$PARSE{$cmd}}($argString, $oc, $lines);
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+	leaveNest();
+	return $derHex;
+}
+
+sub substVars($$) {
+	my ($lines, $params) = @_;
+
+	if (! defined $params) {
+		@$params = ();
+	}
+
+	for (my $i = 0; $i < scalar(@$lines); $i++) {
+		my $line = @$lines[$i];
+		my $paramIndex = 1;
+
+		# For each parameter search for the a use of $N where
+		# N is the index of the parameter and replace $N with the
+		# value of the parameter
+		foreach (@$params) {
+			$line =~ s/\$${paramIndex}(\D|$)/$_$1/g;	
+			++$paramIndex;
+		}
+		
+		# Remove any unused parameters
+		$line =~ s/\$\d+//g;
+		@$lines[$i] = $line;
+	}
+}
+
+sub readFile($) {
+	my ($fileName) = @_;
+	my $inFile;
+
+	if ($DEBUG) {
+		print "readFile, $fileName\n";
+	}
+
+	open($inFile, $fileName) || die "readFile: cannot open $fileName\n";	
+	my @lines = <$inFile>;
+	close $inFile;
+
+	return @lines;
+}
+
+sub parseBitString($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
+	return encodeBitString($argString, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseBitStringWrapper($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
+
+	my $contents_oc = 0;
+	my $contents = parseScript($lines, \$contents_oc);
+
+	my $binary = toBin($contents);
+	my $bitCount = $contents_oc * 8;
+	my $bitStr = unpack("B${bitCount}", $binary);
+
+	# remove trailing zeros - breaks signatures so disable for the moment
+	# $bitStr =~ s/0*$//g;
+	
+	return encodeBitString($bitStr, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseBmpString($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
+	
+	my $bmpString_oc = 0;
+	my $bmpString = asciiToBmpString($argString, \$bmpString_oc);
+	return encodeBmpString($bmpString, $bmpString_oc, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseBmpStringFile($$;$) {
+	my ($binFName, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	$binFName =~ s/\s*//g;
+	
+	my $bmpString_oc = 0;
+	my $bmpString = encodeBinaryFile($binFName, \$bmpString_oc);	
+	
+	return encodeBmpString($bmpString, $bmpString_oc, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseBoolean($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	
+	$argString =~ s/\s//g;
+	$argString = lc($argString);
+
+	my $bool;
+	if ($argString eq "t" || $argString eq "true" || $argString eq "1") {
+		$bool = 1;
+	}
+	elsif ($argString eq "f" || $argString eq "false" || $argString eq "0") {
+		$bool = 0;
+	}
+	else {
+		die "parseBoolean: Invalid boolean value \'$argString\'";
+	}
+	
+	return encodeBoolean($bool, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseHash($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	my ($algorithm) = getArgs($argString);
+
+	if (! defined $algorithm) {
+		die "parseHash: missing algortithm";
+	}
+
+	my $hashIn_oc = 0;
+	my $hashIn = parseScript($lines, \$hashIn_oc);
+
+	my $hashInFName = '_hashin.tmp';
+	my $hashOutFName = '_hashout.tmp';
+
+	# Create binary hash file
+	my $hashInFh;
+	open($hashInFh, ">$hashInFName") or die "Cannot create $hashInFName";
+	binmode($hashInFh);
+	print $hashInFh toBin($hashIn);
+	close $hashInFh;
+
+	my @command = ("cmd",
+				   "/C \"openssl dgst -${algorithm} -binary $hashInFName > $hashOutFName\"");	
+	if ($DEBUG == 1) {
+		print "${TABS}:parseHash:" . join(" ", @command) . "\n";
+	}
+
+	if ((my $err = system(@command)) != 0) {
+		die "parseHash: " . join(" ", @command) . "\nreturned error $err";
+	}
+
+	my $derHex = parseIncludeBinaryFile($hashOutFName, $oc);
+	
+	if (! $DEBUG) {
+		unlink($hashInFName);
+		unlink($hashOutFName);
+	}
+	return $derHex;
+}
+
+sub parseHmac($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	my ($algorithm, $key) = getArgs($argString);
+
+	if (! defined $algorithm) {
+		die "parseHmac: missing algortithm";
+	}
+	$algorithm = uc($algorithm);
+	if (! $algorithm =~ /MD5|SHA1/) {
+		die "parseHmac: invalid algorithm $algorithm";
+	}
+
+	if (! defined $key) {
+		die "parseHmac: missing key";
+	}
+
+	my $hmacIn_oc = 0;
+	my $hmacIn = toBin(parseScript($lines, \$hmacIn_oc));
+	my $hmac;
+	my $binKey = toBin($key);
+
+	if ($algorithm eq "SHA1") {
+
+		$hmac = Digest::HMAC_SHA1->new($binKey);
+	}
+	else {
+		$hmac = Digest::HMAC_MD5->new($binKey);
+	}
+	$hmac->add($hmacIn);
+	my $digest = $hmac->digest;
+	$$oc += length($digest);
+
+	return toHex($digest);
+}
+
+sub parseIA5String($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
+	
+	my $ia5String_oc = 0;
+	my $ia5String = asciiToIA5String($argString, \$ia5String_oc);
+	return encodeIA5String($ia5String, $ia5String_oc, $oc);
+}
+
+
+sub parseIA5StringFile($$;$) {
+	my ($binFName, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	$binFName =~ s/\s*//g;
+	
+	my $ia5String_oc = 0;
+	my $ia5String = encodeBinaryFile($binFName, \$ia5String_oc);	
+	
+	return encodeIA5String($ia5String, $ia5String_oc, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseIncludeBinaryFile($$;$) {
+	my ($binFName, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	$binFName =~ s/\s*//g;
+	
+	return encodeBinaryFile($binFName, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseInclude($$$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;   
+	my @args = getArgs($argString);
+
+   	my $fileName = shift(@args);
+	if (! (defined $fileName && $fileName ne "")) {
+		die "parseInclude: Filename not specified\n";
+	}
+
+	my $derHex = "";
+	my @lines = readFile($fileName);	
+	$derHex = parseScript(\@lines, $oc, \@args);
+	return $derHex;
+}
+
+sub parseInteger($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	
+	$argString =~ s/\s//g;
+	return encodeInteger($argString, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseBigInteger($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	
+	$argString =~ s/\s//g;
+	return encodeBigInteger($argString, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseEncrypt($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;		
+	my ($cipher, $key, $iv) = getArgs($argString);
+
+	if (! defined $cipher) {
+		die "parseEncrypt: missing cipher\n";
+	}
+
+	if (! defined $key) {
+		die "parseEncrypt: missing key\n";
+	}
+
+	my $plainText_oc = 0;
+	my $plainText = parseScript($lines, \$plainText_oc);
+
+	my $plainTextFName = '_plaintext.tmp';
+	my $cipherTextFName = '_ciphertext.tmp';
+
+	# Create binary plaintext file
+	my $plainTextFh;
+	open($plainTextFh, ">$plainTextFName") or die "Cannot create $plainTextFName";
+	binmode($plainTextFh);
+	print $plainTextFh toBin($plainText);
+	close $plainTextFh;
+
+	my @command = ('openssl', 
+				   'enc', 
+				   "-${cipher}", 
+				   '-e',
+				   '-K', $key,
+				   '-in', $plainTextFName, 
+				   '-out', $cipherTextFName);
+
+	if (defined $iv) {
+		push @command, '-iv', $iv;
+	}
+	
+	if ($DEBUG == 1) {
+		print "${TABS}:parseEncrypt:" . join(" ", @command) . "\n";
+	}
+
+	if ((my $err = system(@command)) != 0) {
+		die "parseEncrypt: " . join(" ", @command) . "\nreturned error $err";
+	}
+
+	my $derHex = parseIncludeBinaryFile($cipherTextFName, $oc);
+	
+	if (! $DEBUG) {
+		unlink($plainTextFName);
+		unlink($cipherTextFName);
+	}
+	return $derHex;
+}
+
+sub parseEnumerated($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	
+	$argString =~ s/\s//g;
+	return encodeEnumerated($argString, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseExplicit($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
+	my ($tagNumber, $class) = getArgs($argString);
+
+	if (! defined $tagNumber || $tagNumber =~ /^\s*$/) {
+		$tagNumber = "0";
+	}
+	elsif (!($tagNumber =~ /^[0-9A-Fa-f]+$/)) {
+		die "parseExplicit: invalid tag number: \'$tagNumber\'";
+	}
+	$tagNumber = hex($tagNumber);
+
+	if (!defined $class || $class =~ /^\s*$/) {
+		$class = $CONTEXT_SPECIFIC_CLASS;
+	}
+	else {
+		$class =~ s/\s*//g;
+		$class = uc($class);
+	}
+
+	if (! isValidClass($class)) {
+		die "parseExplicit: invalid class \'$class\'";
+	}
+	
+	my $nested_oc = 0;
+	my $nested = parseScript($lines, \$nested_oc);
+
+	return encodeExplicit($class, $tagNumber, $nested, $nested_oc, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseImplicit($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
+	my ($tagNumber, $class) = getArgs($argString);
+
+	if (! defined $tagNumber || $tagNumber =~ /^\s*$/) {
+		$tagNumber = "0";
+	}
+	elsif (!($tagNumber =~ /^[0-9A-Fa-f]+$/)) {
+		die "parseImplicit: invalid tag number: \'$tagNumber\'";
+	}
+	$tagNumber = hex($tagNumber);
+
+	if (!defined $class || $class =~ /^\s*$/) {
+		$class = $CONTEXT_SPECIFIC_CLASS;
+	}
+	else {
+		$class =~ s/\s*//g;
+		$class = uc($class);
+	}
+
+	if (! isValidClass($class)) {
+		die "parseImplicit: invalid class \'$class\'";
+	}
+	
+	my $nested_oc = 0;
+	my $nested = tidyHex(parseScript($lines, \$nested_oc));
+
+	# De-construct the nested data to allow the underlying type tag to be
+	# changed. The output of parseScript had better be valid DER or this 
+	# will go horribly wrong !
+	my $uClass = "";
+	my $uConstructed = 0;
+	my $uTag = 0;
+	my $uLength = 0;
+	my $uValue = "";
+	getTlv($nested, \$uClass, \$uConstructed, \$uTag, \$uLength, \$uValue);
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}parseImplicit: underlyingType \'$uTag\'\n";
+	}
+	
+	# This only works for low tag numbers because we are assuming that the type
+	# tag is a single octet
+	return encodeImplicit($class, $uConstructed, $tagNumber, $uValue, $uLength, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseNull($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	
+	return encodeNull($oc);
+}
+
+sub parseOctetString($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
+	
+	my $octetString_oc = 0;
+	my $octetString = parseScript($lines, \$octetString_oc);
+
+	return encodeOctetString($octetString, $octetString_oc, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseOid($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	$argString =~ s/\s//g;
+	$argString = uc($argString);
+
+	if (! defined $argString) {
+		die "parseOid: Missing OID value.";
+	}
+
+	foreach (keys %OIDS) {
+		if ($argString =~ /$_/) {
+			$argString =~ s/\Q$_\E/$OIDS{$_}/g;
+		}
+	}
+	return encodeOid($argString, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseOutputFile($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
+	my ($outputFile,$echo) = split(/,/, $argString);
+	
+	if (! defined $outputFile) {
+		die "parseOutputFile: Missing file-name.\n";
+	}
+	
+	my $content_oc = 0;
+	my $content = parseScript($lines, \$content_oc);
+
+	my $outFh;
+	if (! open($outFh, ">${outputFile}")) {
+		die "parseOutputFile: Cannot create $outputFile\n";
+	}
+	binmode($outFh);
+	print $outFh toBin($content);
+	close $outFh;
+	
+	# If echo is specified then include then contents of the output 
+	# file at this point in the stream.
+	if (defined $echo && $echo =~ /(1|t|true)/i) {
+		$$oc += $content_oc;
+		return $content;		
+	}
+	else {
+		return "";
+	}
+}
+
+sub parsePrintableString($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
+	
+	my $printableString_oc = 0;
+	my $printableString = asciiToPrintableString($argString, \$printableString_oc);
+	return encodePrintableString($printableString, $printableString_oc, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parsePrintableStringFile($$;$) {
+	my ($binFName, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	$binFName =~ s/\s*//g;
+	
+	my $printableString_oc = 0;
+	my $printableString = encodeBinaryFile($binFName, \$printableString_oc);	
+	
+	return encodePrintableString($printableString, $printableString_oc, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseRaw($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	$argString =~ s/\s//g;
+	$argString = uc($argString);
+	
+	my $asnHex = "";
+	if (! ($argString =~ /(([A-Fa-f\d][A-Fa-f\d])[ :]*)+/)) {
+		die "parseRaw: Invalid hex string: $argString\n";
+	}
+	my $binary = toBin($argString);
+	$$oc += length($binary);
+	return tidyHex(toHex($binary));
+}
+
+sub parseSequence($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
+	
+	my $sequence_oc = 0;
+	my $sequence = parseScript($lines, \$sequence_oc);
+
+	return encodeSequence($sequence, $sequence_oc, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseSet($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
+	
+	my $set_oc = 0;
+	my $set = parseScript($lines, \$set_oc);
+
+	return encodeSet($set, $set_oc, $oc);
+}
+
+# Create a PKCS#7 signed data object for a chunk of data using 
+# OpenSSL's SMIME command
+sub parseSign($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	my ($signerCert, $signerKey) = getArgs($argString);
+
+	if (! defined $signerCert) {
+		die "parseSign: missing signing certificate";
+	}
+	elsif (! -f $signerCert) {
+		die "parseSign: signing certificate \'$signerCert\' does not exist.";
+	}
+
+	if (! defined $signerKey) {
+		die "parseSign: missing signing certificate";
+	}
+	elsif (! -f $signerKey) {
+		die "parseSign: signing key \'$signerKey\' does not exist.";
+	}
+
+	my $unsigned_oc = 0;
+	my $unsigned = parseScript($lines, \$unsigned_oc);
+
+	my $unsignedFName = '_unsigned.tmp';
+	my $signedFName = '_signed.tmp';
+
+	# Create binary unsigned data file
+	my $unsignedFh;
+	open($unsignedFh, ">$unsignedFName") or die "Cannot create $unsignedFName";
+	binmode($unsignedFh);
+	print $unsignedFh toBin($unsigned);
+	close $unsignedFh;
+
+	my @command = ('openssl', 
+				   'smime', 
+				   '-pk7out', 
+				   '-nodetach',
+				   '-outform',
+				   'der',
+				   '-sign',
+				   '-signer',
+				   $signerCert,
+				   '-inkey',
+				   $signerKey,
+				   '-in', $unsignedFName, 
+				   '-out', $signedFName);
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 1) {
+		print "${TABS}:parseSign:" . join(" ", @command) . "\n";
+	}
+
+	if ((my $err = system(@command)) != 0) {
+		die "parseSign: " . join(" ", @command) . "\nreturned error $err";
+	}
+
+	my $derHex = parseIncludeBinaryFile($signedFName, $oc);
+	
+	if (! $DEBUG) {
+		unlink($unsignedFName);
+		unlink($signedFName);
+	}
+	return $derHex;
+}
+
+sub parseShell($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	my @command = getArgs($argString);
+
+	if (scalar(@command) < 1) {
+		die "parseShell: no arguments";
+	}
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 1) {
+		print "${TABS}:parseShell:" . join(" ", @command) . "\n";
+	}
+
+	if ((my $err = system(@command)) != 0) {
+		die "parseShell: " . join(" ", @command) . "\nreturned error $err";
+	}
+	return "";
+}
+
+sub parseUtcTime($$;$) {
+	my ($time, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
+	$time =~ s/\s//g;
+
+	my $time_oc = length($time);
+	return encodeUtcTime(toHex($time), $time_oc, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseUtf8String($$;$) {
+	my ($argString, $oc, $lines) = @_;	
+	
+	my $utf8String_oc = 0;
+	my $utf8String = asciiToUtf8String($argString, \$utf8String_oc);
+	return encodeUtf8String($utf8String, $utf8String_oc, $oc);
+}
+
+sub parseUtf8StringFile($$;$) {
+	my ($binFName, $oc, $lines) = @_;
+	$binFName =~ s/\s*//g;
+	
+	my $utf8String_oc = 0;
+	my $utf8String = encodeBinaryFile($binFName, \$utf8String_oc);	
+	
+	return encodeUtf8String($utf8String, $utf8String_oc, $oc);
+}
+
+sub toHex($) {
+	my ($bin) = @_;
+	my $hex = unpack("H" . (length($bin) * 2), $bin);
+	$hex =~ s/(..)/$1:/g;
+	return $hex;
+}
+
+sub encodeBinaryFile($$) {
+	my ($binFName, $oc) = @_;
+
+	my $binFH;
+	open($binFH, "$binFName") || die "encodeBinaryFile: Cannot open $binFName\n";
+	binmode($binFH);
+
+	my $binBuf;
+	my $readBuf;
+	my $derHex = "";
+	while (my $len = sysread($binFH, $readBuf, 1024)) {
+		$binBuf .= $readBuf;
+		$$oc += $len;
+	}
+	close $binFH;	
+
+	return toHex($binBuf);;
+}
+
+# Creates a hex representation of the DER encoding of an arbitrary length bit string
+sub encodeBitString($$) {
+	my ($text, $oc) = @_;
+
+	# Bit string in hex including padding length octet
+	my $bit_str = "";
+	my $bit_str_oc = 1; # one octet for padding
+
+	# Current byte
+	my $byte = 0;	
+	my $len = length($text);
+
+	if ($len == 0) {
+		$$oc+=2;
+		return "03:00";
+	}
+
+	my $i = 0;
+	while ($i < $len) {		
+
+		# Read the ith character and insert it in the correct place in the byte
+		# (fill from the left)
+		my $c = substr($text, $i, 1);		
+		if ($c eq "1") {
+			$byte |= (1 << (7 - ($i % 8)));
+		}
+		elsif ($c ne "0") {
+			die "Invalid character $c in bit string $text";
+		}
+
+		if (++$i % 8 == 0) {
+			# Received 8 bits so output byte in hex
+			if ($bit_str ne "") {
+				$bit_str .= ":";
+			}
+			$bit_str .= sprintf("%2.2x", $byte);
+			$bit_str_oc++;
+			$byte = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	# Pad any remaining bits / make sure 0 is output for empty string
+	if ($byte != 0 || $bit_str_oc == 1) {
+		if ($bit_str ne "") {
+			$bit_str .= ":";
+		}
+		$bit_str .= sprintf("%2.2x", $byte);
+		$bit_str_oc++;
+	}
+
+	my $pad_length = "00";
+	if ($len % 8 > 0) {
+		# If this isn't a multiple of 8 bits then calculated
+		# the number of padding bits added.
+		$pad_length = sprintf("%2.2x", 8 - ($len % 8));
+	}
+	
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC:encodeBitString, $bit_str_oc\n";
+	}
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_BITSTRING_TAG, $bit_str_oc, "$pad_length:$bit_str");
+}
+
+# Creates a hex represenation of the DER encoding of a BMPSTRING
+sub encodeBmpString($$$) {
+	my ($bmpString, $bmpString_oc, $oc) = @_;
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC:encodeBmpString, $bmpString_oc\n";
+	}
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_BMPSTRING_TAG, $bmpString_oc, $bmpString);
+}
+
+sub encodeBoolean($$) {
+	my ($value, $oc) = @_;
+
+	my $boolean = "00";
+	if ($value) {
+		$boolean = "FF";
+	}
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC:encodeBoolean, 1\n";
+	}
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_BOOLEAN_TAG, 1, $boolean);
+}
+
+sub encodeEnumerated($$) {
+	my ($int, $oc) = @_;
+
+	$int =~ s/\s//g;
+
+	if (! ($int =~ /^-??\d+$/ || $int =~ /0x[0-9A-Fa-f]+/)) {
+		die "encodeEnumerated: Invalid argument: $int\n";
+	}
+	
+	if ($int =~ s/^0x//) {
+		$int = hex;
+	}
+	
+	# Convert the enumerated to base 256 hex and find out how
+	# many octets were required
+	my $hex_enumerated_oc = 0;
+	my $hex_enumerated = "";
+	
+	if ($int ne "") {
+		$hex_enumerated = encodeBase256($int, \$hex_enumerated_oc);
+	}
+		
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC: , $hex_enumerated_oc\n";
+	}	
+
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_ENUMERATED_TAG, $hex_enumerated_oc, $hex_enumerated);
+}
+
+# explicit tags are always constructed
+sub encodeExplicit($$$$) {
+	my ($class, $tagNumber, $explicit, $explicit_oc, $oc) = @_;
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC: explicit, $explicit_oc\n";
+	}
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $tagNumber, $explicit_oc, $explicit, 1, $class);
+}
+
+# Creates a hex represenation of the DER encoding of an IA5 string
+sub encodeIA5String($$) {
+	my ($ia5String, $ia5String_oc, $oc) = @_;
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC:encodeIA5String, $ia5String_oc\n";
+	}
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_IA5STRING_TAG, $ia5String_oc, $ia5String);
+}
+
+sub encodeImplicit($$$$$) {
+	my ($class, $constructed, $tagNumber, $implicit, $implicit_oc, $oc) = @_;
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC: implicit, $implicit_oc\n";
+	}
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $tagNumber, $implicit_oc, $implicit, $constructed, $class);
+}
+
+sub encodeBigInteger($$) {
+	my ($hexString, $oc) = @_;
+
+	my $bin = toBin($hexString);
+	my $int = toHex($bin);
+	my $int_oc = length($bin);
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC: bigInteger, $int_oc\n";
+	}
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_INTEGER_TAG, $int_oc, $int)
+}
+
+sub encodeInteger($$) {
+	my ($int, $oc) = @_;
+
+	$int =~ s/\s//g;
+
+	if (! ($int =~ /^-??\d+$/ || $int =~ /0x[0-9A-Fa-f]+/)) {
+		die "encodeInteger: Invalid argument: $int\n";
+	}
+	
+	if ($int =~ s/^0x//) {
+		$int = hex;
+	}
+	
+	# Convert the integer to base 256 hex and find out how
+	# many octets were required
+	my $hex_integer_oc = 0;
+	my $hex_integer = "";
+	
+	if ($int ne "") {
+		$hex_integer = encodeBase256($int, \$hex_integer_oc);
+	}
+		
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC: integer, $hex_integer_oc\n";
+	}	
+
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_INTEGER_TAG, $hex_integer_oc, $hex_integer);
+}
+
+sub encodeNull($) {
+	my ($oc) = @_;	
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_NULL_TAG, 0, "");
+}
+
+sub encodeOctetString($$$) {
+	my ($octetString, $octetString_oc, $oc) = @_;
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC: octetString, $octetString_oc\n";
+	}
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_OCTETSTRING_TAG, $octetString_oc, $octetString);
+}
+
+sub encodeOid($$) {
+	my ($text, $oc) = @_;
+
+	my @fields = split /\./, $text;
+	
+	if (! ($fields[0] >= 0 && $fields[0] <=2) ) { 
+		die "Invalid OID: $text\n";
+	}
+	if (! ($fields[1] >= 0 && $fields[1] <= 39) ) {
+		die "Invalid OID: $text";
+	}
+		
+	my $oid = sprintf("%2.2x", (40 * $fields[0]) + $fields[1]);
+	my $oid_oc = 1;
+	shift @fields;
+	shift @fields;
+
+	foreach (@fields) {		
+		$oid .= ":" . encodeBase128($_, \$oid_oc);
+	}
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC:encodeOid, $oid_oc\n";
+	}
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_OID_TAG, $oid_oc, $oid);
+}
+
+# Creates a hex represenation of the DER encoding of a PRINTABLE string
+sub encodePrintableString($$$) {
+	my ($printableString, $printableString_oc, $oc) = @_;
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC:encodePrintableString, $printableString_oc\n";
+	}
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_PRINTABLESTRING_TAG, $printableString_oc, $printableString);
+}
+
+sub encodeSet($$$) {
+	my ($set, $set_oc, $oc) = @_;
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC: set, $set_oc\n";
+	}
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_SET_TAG, $set_oc, $set, 1);
+}
+
+sub encodeSequence($$$) {
+	my ($sequence, $sequence_oc, $oc) = @_;
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC: sequence, $sequence_oc\n";
+	}
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_SEQUENCE_TAG, $sequence_oc, $sequence, 1);
+}
+
+sub encodeUtcTime($$$) {
+	my ($utcTime, $utcTime_oc, $oc) = @_;
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC: UTCTime, $utcTime_oc\n";
+	}
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_UTCTIME_TAG, $utcTime_oc, $utcTime);
+}
+
+# Creates a hex represenation of the DER encoding of a UTF-8 string.
+sub encodeUtf8String($$) {
+	my ($utf8String, $utf8String_oc, $oc) = @_;
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC:encodeUTF8String, $utf8String_oc\n";
+	}
+	return encodeTlv($oc, $DER_UTF8STRING_TAG, $utf8String_oc, $utf8String);
+}
+
+sub asciiToBmpString($$) {
+	my ($input, $oc) = @_;
+
+	my $bmpString = "";
+	my $input_len = length($input);
+	$$oc += $input_len * 2;
+
+	for (my $i = 0; $i < $input_len; ++$i) {
+		my $hex_val = ord(substr($input, $i, 1));
+		if ($bmpString ne "") {
+			$bmpString .= ":";
+		}
+		$bmpString .= sprintf(":00:%2.2x", $hex_val);
+	}	
+	return $bmpString;
+}
+
+sub asciiToIA5String($$) {
+	my ($input, $oc) = @_;
+
+	my $printableString = "";
+	my $input_len = length($input);
+	$$oc += $input_len;
+
+	for (my $i = 0; $i < $input_len; ++$i) {
+		my $hex_val = ord(substr($input, $i, 1));
+		if ($printableString ne "") {
+			$printableString .= ":";
+		}
+		$printableString .= sprintf(":%2.2x", $hex_val);
+	}	
+	return $printableString;
+}
+
+sub asciiToPrintableString($$) {
+	my ($input, $oc) = @_;
+
+	my $ia5String = "";
+	my $input_len = length($input);
+	$$oc += $input_len;
+
+	for (my $i = 0; $i < $input_len; ++$i) {
+		my $hex_val = ord(substr($input, $i, 1));
+		if ($ia5String ne "") {
+			$ia5String .= ":";
+		}
+		$ia5String .= sprintf(":%2.2x", $hex_val);
+	}	
+	return $ia5String;
+}
+
+sub asciiToUtf8String($$) {
+	my ($input, $oc) = @_;
+
+	my $utf8String = "";
+	my $input_len = length($input);
+	$$oc += $input_len;
+
+	for (my $i = 0; $i < $input_len; ++$i) {
+		my $hex_val = ord(substr($input, $i, 1));
+		if ($utf8String ne "") {
+			$utf8String .= ":";
+		}
+		$utf8String .= sprintf(":%2.2x", $hex_val);
+	}	
+	return $utf8String;
+}
+
+sub encodeBase128($$$) {
+	my ($num, $oc) = @_;
+
+	my $base128 = "";
+	$num = int($num);
+	my $base128_length = 0;
+
+	while ($num > 0) {
+		my $hexoctet;
+
+		if ($base128 eq "") {
+			$hexoctet = sprintf("%2.2x", $num & 0x7f);
+		}
+		else {
+			$hexoctet = sprintf("%2.2x", ($num & 0x7f) | 0x80);
+		}
+		
+		if ($base128 eq "") {			
+			$base128 = $hexoctet;	   
+		}
+		else {
+			$base128 = "$hexoctet:$base128";
+		}		
+
+		$num >>= 7;
+		$base128_length++;
+	}
+	if ($base128 eq "") {
+		$base128 = "00";
+		$base128_length++;
+	}
+
+	$$oc += $base128_length;
+	
+	if ($DEBUG == 2) {
+		print "${TABS}:ENC: base128, $base128_length, $$oc\n";
+	}
+
+	return $base128;
+}
+
+# Return a hex represenation of the length using DER primitive (definate length encoding)
+sub encodeLength($$) {
+	my ($num, $oc) = @_;
+
+	if ($num < 128) {
+		# Number is < 128 so encode in short form
+		$$oc++;
+		return sprintf("%2.2x", $num);
+	}
+	else {
+		# Number >= 128 so encode in long form
+		my $length_oc = 0;
+		my $base256 = &encodeBase256($num, \$length_oc, 1);
+		if ($length_oc > 127) {die "Encoding overflow.";}
+		
+		$$oc += 1 + $length_oc;
+		
+		# Set the top bit of the length octet to indicate long form		
+		return "" . sprintf("%2.2x", ($length_oc | 0x80)) . ":$base256";
+	}
+}
+
+# Convert an integer into an ascii hex representation in base 256
+# $num    - the number to encode
+# $octets - refernce to the octet count to increment
+# $unsigned - assume unsigned
+sub encodeBase256($$) {
+	my ($numIn, $oc, $unsigned) = @_;
+
+	my $base256 = "";
+	my $num = int($numIn);	
+
+	while ($num != 0) {
+		my $hexoctet = sprintf("%2.2x", $num & 0xFF);
+		if ($base256 ne "") {
+			$base256 = "$hexoctet:$base256";
+		}
+		else {
+			$base256 = $hexoctet;
+		}		
+		$num >>= 8;
+		$$oc++;
+	}
+	if ($base256 eq "") {
+		$base256 = "00";
+		$$oc++;
+	}
+
+	# If the integer is +ve and the MSB is 1 then padd with a leading zero 
+	# octet otherwise it will look -ve
+	if ((! $unsigned) && $numIn > 0 && $base256 =~ /^:*[8ABCDEF]/i) {
+		$base256 = "00:$base256";
+		$$oc++;
+	}
+
+	# If the first octet is all ones and the msb of the next bit
+	# is also one then drop the first octet because negative
+	# numbers should not be padded
+	while ($base256 =~ s/^(FF:)([8ABCDEF][0-9A-F].*)/$2/i) {
+		$$oc--;
+	}
+
+	return $base256;
+}
+
+# Encode the Type
+# Only low tag form is supported at the moment
+sub encodeType($$;$$) {
+	my ($oc, $tagNumber, $constructed, $class) = @_;
+
+	$tagNumber = hex($tagNumber);
+
+	if ($tagNumber < 0 || $tagNumber > 30) {
+		die "encodeType: Currently, only low tag numbers (0 - 30) are supported.";
+	}
+
+	if (! defined $class) {
+		$class = "UNIVERSAL";
+	}
+	
+	$class = uc($class);	
+	if (! isValidClass($class)) {
+		die "encodeType: invalid class \'$class\'";
+	}   
+
+	# If the type is constructed then set bit 6
+	if (defined $constructed && $constructed == 1) {
+		$tagNumber |= 0x20;
+	}
+
+	if ($class eq $UNIVERSAL_CLASS) {
+	   # do nothing, bits 7 and 8 are zero
+	}
+	elsif ($class eq $APPLICATION_CLASS) {
+		# set bit 7
+		$tagNumber |= 0x40;
+	}
+	elsif ($class eq $CONTEXT_SPECIFIC_CLASS) {
+		# set bit 8
+		$tagNumber |= 0x80;
+	}
+	elsif ($class eq $PRIVATE_CLASS) {
+		# set bits 7 and 8
+		$tagNumber |= 0xC0;
+	}
+	$$oc++;
+	return sprintf("%2.2x", $tagNumber);
+}
+
+sub encodeTlv($$$$;$$) {
+	my ($oc, $tag, $length, $value, $constructed, $class) = @_;
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 3) {
+		print "${TABS}encodeTlv\n";
+		print "${TABS}oc=$$oc\n";
+		print "${TABS}tag=$tag\n";
+		print "${TABS}length=$length\n";
+		print "${TABS}value=$value\n";
+		if (defined $constructed) {
+			print "${TABS}constructed=$constructed\n";
+		}
+		if (defined $class) {
+			print "${TABS}class=$class\n";
+		}
+	}
+
+	my $hex;
+	$hex = encodeType($oc, $tag, $constructed, $class);
+	$hex .= ":" . encodeLength($length, $oc);
+	$$oc += $length;
+	$hex .= ":" . $value;
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 3) {
+		print "${TABS}oc=$$oc\n";
+		print "${TABS}encoding=$hex\n";
+		print "${TABS}end\n";
+
+		toBin($hex);
+	}
+	return $hex;
+}
+
+# increment debug tabbing level
+sub nest() {
+	$TABS .= "   ";
+}
+
+# decrement debug tabbing level
+sub leaveNest() {
+	$TABS =~ s/^...//;
+}
+
+sub isValidClass($) {
+	my ($class) = @_;
+
+	if (defined $class &&
+		$class =~ /^(UNIVERSAL|APPLICATION|CONTEXT-SPECIFIC|PRIVATE)$/) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+# Parse a DER field
+sub getTlv($$$$$$) {
+	my ($input, $class, $constructed, $tag, $length, $value) = @_;
+	
+	my @hexOctets = split(/:+/,tidyHex($input));
+	
+	if (scalar(@hexOctets) < 2) {
+		die "getTlv: too short";
+	}
+
+	my $type = hex(shift @hexOctets);
+	if (($type & 0xC0) == 0x00) {
+		# universal: bit 8 = 0, bit 7 = 0
+		$$class = $UNIVERSAL_CLASS;
+	}
+	elsif (($type & 0xC0) == 0x40) {
+		# application: bit 8 = 0, bit 7 = 1
+		$$class = $APPLICATION_CLASS;
+	}
+	elsif (($type & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+		# application: bit 8 = 1, bit 7 = 0
+		$$class = $CONTEXT_SPECIFIC_CLASS;
+	}
+	elsif (($type & 0xC0) == 0xC0) {
+		# application: bit 8 = 1, bit 7 = 1
+		$$class = $PRIVATE_CLASS;
+	}
+	else {
+		die "getTlv: assert";
+	}
+
+	if ($type & 0x20) {
+		# constructed if bit 6 = 1
+		$$constructed = 1;
+	}
+	else {
+		$$constructed = 0;
+	}
+	
+	# We assumme the tag number is in low form
+	# and just look at the bottom 5 hits
+	$$tag = $type & 0x1F;
+
+	$$length = hex(shift @hexOctets);
+	if ($$length & 0x80) {
+		# long form
+		my $length_oc = $$length & 0x7F;
+		$$length = 0;
+		for (my $i = 0; $i < $length_oc; $i++) {
+			# length is encoded base 256
+			$$length *= 256;
+			$$length += hex(shift @hexOctets);
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		# short form
+		# don't do anything here, length is just bits 7 - 1 and 
+		# we already know bit 8 is zero.
+	}
+
+	$$value = "";
+	foreach (@hexOctets) {
+		$$value .= ":$_";
+	}
+
+	if ($DEBUG == 3) {
+		print "${TABS} class=$$class\n";
+		print "${TABS} constructed=$$constructed\n";
+		print "${TABS} tag=$$tag\n";
+		print "${TABS} length=$$length\n";
+	}
+}
+
+# parse an escaped (\) comma seperated argument string
+# into an array
+sub getArgs($) {
+	my ($argString) = @_;
+	my @args = ();
+	
+	while ($argString =~ /(^|.*?[^\\]),(.*)/ ) {
+		my $match = $1;
+		$argString = $2;
+		if ($match ne "") {
+			
+			# unescape
+			$match =~ s/(\\)([^\\])/$2/g;
+			push @args, $match;
+		}
+	}
+	if ($argString ne "") {
+		push @args, $argString;
+	}
+    return @args;
+}