<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!-- Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies) All rights reserved. -->

<!-- This component and the accompanying materials are made available under the terms of the License 

"Eclipse Public License v1.0" which accompanies this distribution, 

and is available at the URL "http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html". -->

<!-- Initial Contributors:

    Nokia Corporation - initial contribution.

Contributors: 

-->

<!DOCTYPE reference

  PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Reference//EN" "reference.dtd">

<reference id="GUID-C1612638-4C5A-5C37-AF1A-16F9EBEF09FD" xml:lang="en"><title>transient:

transient server example</title><shortdesc>This example demonstrates the use of transient servers that are

started on demand when a client needs to use the server, and exit after the

last client has disconnected, sometimes after a short delay. It demonstrates

how to handle startup and shutdown situations correctly. </shortdesc><prolog><metadata><keywords/></metadata></prolog><refbody>

<section id="GUID-BF4C4CB4-D495-49D6-8035-F8BA724851B7"><title>Class summary</title><ul>

<li><p><xref href="GUID-6D8A458C-9A39-3000-A3BC-060A2A3663E6.dita"><apiname>RSessionBase</apiname></xref> - Client-side handle to a session with

a server.</p></li>

<li><p><xref href="GUID-5733DF34-5B54-3044-BBED-3BFECB7ACE7A.dita"><apiname>CTimer</apiname></xref> - Base class for a timer active object.</p></li>

<li><p><xref href="GUID-8E316AC4-4676-301A-9A23-659E83AA1D1C.dita"><apiname>CServer2</apiname></xref> - Abstract base class for servers (version

2).</p></li>

<li><p><xref href="GUID-D5A30C75-E22C-34E8-913B-7D2CA6AD5C51.dita"><apiname>CSession2</apiname></xref> - Represents a session (version 2) for

a client thread on the server-side.</p></li>

</ul></section>

<section id="GUID-E688F8C0-0A4A-4D25-B7B4-779CB6A08157"><title>Download</title> <p>Click

on the following link to download the example: <xref href="guid-6013a680-57f9-415b-8851-c4fa63356636/zips/guid-cbf7e18e-3788-4ec1-a225-268ce1a22c51.zip" scope="external">transient.zip</xref></p><p>click: <xref href="guid-6013a680-57f9-415b-8851-c4fa63356636/guid-cbf7e18e-3788-4ec1-a225-268ce1a22c51.html" scope="peer">browse</xref> to view the example code.</p> </section>

<section id="GUID-87B18963-ACE8-464B-9863-A37ADA57379C"><title>Background</title> <p>The

client-server framework is an important part of the Symbian platform. There

is a level of complexity in implementing a server for an application, but

this example provides client interface code and server code that can be re-used

in your own implementations. </p> <p>Symbian platform servers are of three

basic types: </p> <ul>

<li id="GUID-6D0F8C69-CFEA-5BB1-A0CB-C4D178DFAE25"><p> <b>Transient servers:</b> these

are started on demand when a client needs the server, and exit after the last

client has disconnected - sometimes after a short delay, for example, the

socket server. </p> </li>

<li id="GUID-5B824584-C8E6-57F7-A83C-564DA256F622"><p> <b>System servers:</b> these

are started as part of the system boot process, for example, the kernel, the

file server, the window server etc. </p> </li>

<li id="GUID-9BE0FD09-B112-5AF6-A5D1-FBDD6A4EC00B"><p> <b>Local servers:</b> these

are "local" to a process to provide multi-threaded access to thread-specific

resources, for example, the posix server (in the C Standard Library). </p> </li>

</ul> </section>

<section id="GUID-EEA0A38B-F8A6-4308-A50D-B3E74B12420A"><title>Description</title> <p>The

transient server supplied here runs in a thread in its own process. This gives

the server independence from its clients. This is important because if the

client were to create the server as a separate thread within its own process,

then the server would exit, i.e. terminate, if its owning process terminated.

This would be true even if clients in other processes were still connected

to it. </p> <p>Equally as important: </p> <ul>

<li id="GUID-432FCF7B-2393-5E59-BDE5-0A5B4BAFD155"><p>a client does not explicitly

need to start the server prior to connecting; this is done by the client interface. </p> </li>

<li id="GUID-D89C8F48-2CA2-5769-8DB9-42FD8FFA5879"><p>the server terminates

when not in use shortly after the last client disconnects. </p> </li>

<li id="GUID-968AB243-908B-5709-BB82-4213860CBC8A"><p>the code handles concurrency

issues, the most common of which is handling the case where the server is

closing down or exiting at the same time that another client is trying to

connect. </p> </li>

</ul> <p>The example consists of four main parts: </p> <ul>

<li id="GUID-BC6A15E0-07CB-562C-99E8-0AAF39B0ED26"><p>Client interface: this

is a DLL (<filepath>t-client.dll</filepath>) that is used by clients. </p> <p>The

client interface effectively forms the gateway to the server. All requests

to the server, including requests to connect to it are routed through this. </p> <p>The

client interface defines just one class: <codeph>RMySession</codeph>, derived

from <xref href="GUID-6D8A458C-9A39-3000-A3BC-060A2A3663E6.dita"><apiname>RSessionBase</apiname></xref>. An <codeph>RSessionBase</codeph> (derived)

object represents the client side session and forms a channel of communication

between the client and the server. Requests to the server, and information

received from the server are channelled through this object. Note that the

client side session object is mirrored by a server side session object; an

instance of a class derived from <xref href="GUID-D5A30C75-E22C-34E8-913B-7D2CA6AD5C51.dita"><apiname>CSession2</apiname></xref>, which in this

server is called <codeph>CMySession</codeph>. </p> <p>The client calls <codeph>Connect()</codeph> to

set up a connection to the server. This function attempts to start the server

if necessary and then issues a request to create a session with the server.

If the server fails to start, or a session cannot be created then this is

reported back.Simultaneous launching of two server processes is also detected,

with the second attempt failing with <xref href="GUID-D1D25122-F2B8-3C78-8599-84905BFD47B8.dita"><apiname>KErrAlreadyExists</apiname></xref>.

On successful completion the connection is established, and a session is created

with the server. </p> <p>The client uses the <codeph>Send()</codeph> method

to send messages to the server and the <codeph>Receive()</codeph> method to

request information from the server. <codeph>Send()</codeph> is implemented

by calling down to the synchronous variant of <xref href="GUID-6D8A458C-9A39-3000-A3BC-060A2A3663E6.dita#GUID-6D8A458C-9A39-3000-A3BC-060A2A3663E6/GUID-479FE087-DD9F-31D7-98F7-9F96535F0584"><apiname>RSessionBase::SendReceive()</apiname></xref> in

the base class. Synchronous means that it does not return until the server

has dealt with the request. </p> <p> <codeph>Send()</codeph> passes an operation

code (or function number) identifying the request and a descriptor containing

information to the server. The descriptor is wrapped into a <xref href="GUID-4AD02F14-1142-372F-9D11-224595932034.dita"><apiname>TIpcArgs</apiname></xref> object.

In practice, your client interface would probably be richer, having variants

of the <codeph>Send()</codeph> function that take more than one parameter.

You might also choose to have asynchronous variants of <codeph>Send()</codeph>;

your client code (not the client interface) would then need to use active

objects to deal with this. </p> <p> <codeph>Receive()</codeph> is implemented

by calling down to the asynchronous variant of <xref href="GUID-6D8A458C-9A39-3000-A3BC-060A2A3663E6.dita#GUID-6D8A458C-9A39-3000-A3BC-060A2A3663E6/GUID-479FE087-DD9F-31D7-98F7-9F96535F0584"><apiname>RSessionBase::SendReceive()</apiname></xref> in

the base class. Asynchronous means that the call returns immediately, but

the request itself may not complete until some time later. </p> <p> <codeph>Receive()</codeph> passes

an operation code (or function number) identifying the request, a descriptor

into which the server will place the information, and a <xref href="GUID-E0B34F3E-D4C4-3232-B8B1-7DB35B454646.dita"><apiname>TRequestStatus</apiname></xref> object,

which the server will use to report how the request completes. The descriptor

is wrapped into a <xref href="GUID-4AD02F14-1142-372F-9D11-224595932034.dita"><apiname>TIpcArgs</apiname></xref> object. Again, you might want

a richer client interface; perhaps different function names to represent different

request types. </p> <p> <codeph>CancelReceive()</codeph> allows the client

to cancel a pending <codeph>Receive()</codeph> request. It is usual to provide

some mechanism to cancel asynchronous requests. This is implemented by calling

down into the asynchronous variant of <xref href="GUID-6D8A458C-9A39-3000-A3BC-060A2A3663E6.dita#GUID-6D8A458C-9A39-3000-A3BC-060A2A3663E6/GUID-479FE087-DD9F-31D7-98F7-9F96535F0584"><apiname>RSessionBase::SendReceive()</apiname></xref> in

the base class. Note: the <codeph>Receive()</codeph> method simply passes

an operation code (or function number) and no data. </p> <p>The operation

codes (or function numbers) are defined by an enum in the header file <filepath>clientserver.h</filepath>.

This file is included in both the client interface code and server code as

both need access to these common symbols. </p> </li>

<li id="GUID-A76A5A09-CB86-5D58-8771-3DE4131E51B9"><p>Server: this is an EXE

(<filepath>t-server.exe</filepath>) that runs in its own process, and E32Main()

is the entry point. After setting up heap checking (in debug builds only)

the implementation creates a cleanup stack and then executes the main body

of the code inside a trap harness. </p> <p>The server code implements several

classes: </p> <p> <codeph>CMyServer</codeph>: this class derives from the

class <xref href="GUID-8E316AC4-4676-301A-9A23-659E83AA1D1C.dita"><apiname>CServer2</apiname></xref>. The main role of this class is to handle

messages sent by client threads; this includes requests from clients for connection

to the server. The connection is established by starting a session with the

server. The session is represented by a session object, in this case the <xref href="GUID-8B50E9C7-CA33-3E11-A881-16E230A082CB.dita"><apiname>CMySession</apiname></xref> object. </p> <p>Once

the <codeph>CMyServer</codeph> object has been created, the active scheduler

can be started by the call to <xref href="GUID-B4C76104-EA1B-3FC3-A31E-86A976598171.dita#GUID-B4C76104-EA1B-3FC3-A31E-86A976598171/GUID-3281C85C-1A45-3049-B711-64CA8BFBC452"><apiname>CActiveScheduler::Start()</apiname></xref>.

This call will not return until the active scheduler is stopped by the <codeph>CShutdown</codeph> timer,

which is primed after the last client has disconnected. In simple terms, the

active scheduler is a wait loop. It sits inactive until it receives a message

from (potential) clients (or until the timer completes and stops the active

scheduler). Messages that represent requests for connection result in the

creation of a session. Other messages are passed to the relevant <codeph>CMySession</codeph> active

object. </p> <p> <codeph> CMySession</codeph>: one of these objects is created

for each session, i.e. as a result of a request by a client for connection

to the server. Once sessions have been created, requests received by <codeph>CMyServer</codeph> are

then forwarded to the corresponding session, and specifically to the virtual

function <codeph>ServiceL()</codeph>, which handles <codeph>Send()</codeph>, <codeph>Receive()</codeph> and <codeph>CancelReceive()</codeph> requests. </p> <p> <codeph>CShutdown</codeph>: this class represents a timer that is started

before the first client has connected, and after the last client has disconnected.

The timer is stopped once the server has at least one client attached to it.

If the server has no clients, then there is 2 second interval before the server

terminates. This is implemented as an active object. </p> </li>

<li id="GUID-07B2ACEC-C457-547D-B1FE-78FCF980AEEF"><p>Test code:this corresponds

to the client, and uses the client interface to communicate with the server

- application developers should make use of the principles applied here and

include them into their own client code. </p> </li>

<li id="GUID-91B89143-B380-524D-89CF-918FAE5CE055"><p>bld.inf: which is a

component description file. </p> </li>

</ul><p><b>Related APIs</b></p><ul>

<li><p><xref href="GUID-B4C76104-EA1B-3FC3-A31E-86A976598171.dita#GUID-B4C76104-EA1B-3FC3-A31E-86A976598171/GUID-3281C85C-1A45-3049-B711-64CA8BFBC452"><apiname>CActiveScheduler::Start()</apiname></xref></p></li>

<li><p><xref href="GUID-8B50E9C7-CA33-3E11-A881-16E230A082CB.dita"><apiname>CMySession</apiname></xref></p></li>

<li><p><xref href="GUID-8E316AC4-4676-301A-9A23-659E83AA1D1C.dita"><apiname>CServer2</apiname></xref> - Abstract base class for servers (version

2).</p></li>

<li><p><xref href="GUID-D5A30C75-E22C-34E8-913B-7D2CA6AD5C51.dita"><apiname>CSession2</apiname></xref> - Represents a session (version 2) for

a client thread on the server-side.</p></li>

<li><p><xref href="GUID-D1D25122-F2B8-3C78-8599-84905BFD47B8.dita"><apiname>KErrAlreadyExists</apiname></xref> - System wide error code -11 :

an object already exists.</p></li>

<li><p><xref href="GUID-6D8A458C-9A39-3000-A3BC-060A2A3663E6.dita"><apiname>RSessionBase</apiname></xref> - Client-side handle to a session with

a server.</p></li>

<li><p><xref href="GUID-6D8A458C-9A39-3000-A3BC-060A2A3663E6.dita#GUID-6D8A458C-9A39-3000-A3BC-060A2A3663E6/GUID-479FE087-DD9F-31D7-98F7-9F96535F0584"><apiname>RSessionBase::SendReceive()</apiname></xref></p></li>

<li><p><xref href="GUID-4AD02F14-1142-372F-9D11-224595932034.dita"><apiname>TIpcArgs</apiname></xref> - A Version 2 client/server class that

clients use to package the arguments to be sent to a server.</p></li>

<li><p><xref href="GUID-E0B34F3E-D4C4-3232-B8B1-7DB35B454646.dita"><apiname>TRequestStatus</apiname></xref> - Indicates the completion status

of a request made to a service provider.</p></li>

</ul> </section>

<section id="GUID-86D3479E-216B-4D5D-AF57-C4C9963CD9F0"><title>Building and

configuring</title> <p>To build the example: </p> <ul>

<li id="GUID-FDC690A6-D68B-58E5-A10D-89220DB9B89E"><p>You can build the example

from your IDE or the command line. </p> <p>If you use an IDE, import the <filepath>bld.inf</filepath> file

of the example into your IDE, and use the build command of the IDE. </p> <p>If

you use the command line, open a command prompt, and set the current directory

to the source code directory of the example. You can then build the example

with the SBSv1 build tools with the following commands: </p> <p><userinput>bldmake

bldfiles</userinput> </p> <p><userinput>abld build</userinput> </p> <p><xref href="GUID-793A5EF9-CC16-5EEB-9011-6431EA76EB15.dita">How to use bldmake</xref> and <xref href="GUID-B6B54E07-3B34-5D5C-8815-93383FA8FB4B.dita">How to use abld</xref> describe

how to use the SBSv1 build tools. </p> </li>

<li id="GUID-DD18F4AF-6AB1-5E0F-95C3-9EB899BA99C9"><p>For the emulator, the

example builds the following executables : </p> <p> <filepath>t-client.dll</filepath> </p> <p> <filepath>t-server.exe</filepath>  </p> <p> <filepath>t-test.exe</filepath> (test executable) </p> <p> <filepath>t-testc.dll</filepath> (test

client) </p> <p>in the <filepath>epoc32\release\winscw\&lt;udeb or urel&gt;\</filepath> folder. </p> </li>

</ul> </section>

</refbody><related-links>

<link href="GUID-4BFEDD79-9502-526A-BA7B-97550A6F0601.dita"><linktext>Platform

security</linktext></link>

<link href="GUID-B21141D4-3BFE-59C9-8D5F-147A93BE1C95.dita"><linktext>Build tools

guide</linktext></link>

<link href="GUID-594488FF-02C9-5066-85DB-5F88A754AE18.dita"><linktext>How     

           to build DLLs</linktext></link>

<link href="GUID-BBBB5000-90A2-503A-9521-2FC6DEC69DC8.dita"><linktext>MMP file

syntax</linktext></link>