<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!-- Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies) All rights reserved. -->

<!-- This component and the accompanying materials are made available under the terms of the License 

"Eclipse Public License v1.0" which accompanies this distribution, 

and is available at the URL "http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html". -->

<!-- Initial Contributors:

    Nokia Corporation - initial contribution.

Contributors: 

-->

<!DOCTYPE concept

  PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Concept//EN" "concept.dtd">

<concept id="GUID-EC2D5CA5-538C-5375-B00D-3107CD87CFFC" xml:lang="en"><title>Remapping

Cache Attributes and Access Permissions on ARMv6K and ARMv7 Platforms</title><shortdesc>Describes the behavior change brought about by remapping the cache

attributes and the access permissions on the ARMv6K (ARM1176 & ARM11MPCore),

ARMv7 (Cortex-8N), and future platforms.</shortdesc><prolog><metadata><keywords/></metadata></prolog><conbody>

<ul>

<li id="GUID-50632F8E-91A0-597C-8176-9FE352A8B9ED"><p> <xref href="GUID-EC2D5CA5-538C-5375-B00D-3107CD87CFFC.dita#GUID-EC2D5CA5-538C-5375-B00D-3107CD87CFFC/GUID-B8EA1997-C922-5E98-A32E-A77D641D11BC">Reduced set access permissions</xref>  </p> <ul>

<li id="GUID-9225B023-192F-5D04-92BA-0278768872FF"><p> <xref href="GUID-EC2D5CA5-538C-5375-B00D-3107CD87CFFC.dita#GUID-EC2D5CA5-538C-5375-B00D-3107CD87CFFC/GUID-ABBF3854-B8B8-52A0-B3F6-1DF44A37194A">Affected kernel interface</xref>  </p> </li>

</ul> </li>

<li id="GUID-9851FDDF-8F0E-5AF1-AF7F-9C6273E9B0A8"><p> <xref href="GUID-EC2D5CA5-538C-5375-B00D-3107CD87CFFC.dita#GUID-EC2D5CA5-538C-5375-B00D-3107CD87CFFC/GUID-E137E4E9-AADA-5BCE-8FC8-504ACD486394">Remapping cache attributes</xref>  </p> <ul>

<li id="GUID-6B59981E-754F-5E9B-80F1-99D53D464B70"><p> <xref href="GUID-EC2D5CA5-538C-5375-B00D-3107CD87CFFC.dita#GUID-EC2D5CA5-538C-5375-B00D-3107CD87CFFC/GUID-EDFD1FE0-ACD7-54B4-9633-0149E3FDF551">Types of memory supported</xref>  </p> </li>

<li id="GUID-057483C0-F40F-503D-82D7-B2CC199AC9F9"><p> <xref href="GUID-EC2D5CA5-538C-5375-B00D-3107CD87CFFC.dita#GUID-EC2D5CA5-538C-5375-B00D-3107CD87CFFC/GUID-548E9689-F7AB-5F61-A8AE-EA2043E70D34">Mapping existing memory types</xref>  </p> </li>

<li id="GUID-4D7899BC-B6AD-5C9F-9135-7E37F2CFC21E"><p> <xref href="GUID-EC2D5CA5-538C-5375-B00D-3107CD87CFFC.dita#GUID-EC2D5CA5-538C-5375-B00D-3107CD87CFFC/GUID-F90E6B00-6492-5471-975F-3C078046627A">Mapping ARMv6K or ARMv7 onto TMappingAttributes</xref>. </p> </li>

</ul> </li>

</ul>

<section id="GUID-B8EA1997-C922-5E98-A32E-A77D641D11BC"><title>Reduced set

access permissions</title> <p>The ARMv6-style page table reserves three bits

in the page/directory table for access permission, so eight possible values

are available. The use of four possible access permissions is sufficient.

Therefore, removing the surplus access permissions frees up one page table

bit that is used by Symbian platform internally. </p> <p id="GUID-ABBF3854-B8B8-52A0-B3F6-1DF44A37194A"><b>Affected kernel interface</b> </p> <p>The

shadow pages kernel interface is valid on all platforms except for the emulator.

On ARMv6 and previous platforms, shadow pages are created using access permission <codeph>PrivilegedRW/UserRO</codeph>,

this is not supported by the limited set of encoding. Shadow pages are now

mapped as <codeph>PrivilegedRO/UserRO</codeph>, instead. </p> <codeblock id="GUID-9197EF7D-F549-5144-A322-4C04CD80CFCC" xml:space="preserve">class Epoc

    {

public:

    ...

    IMPORT_C static TInt AllocShadowPage(TLinAddr aRomAddr);

    IMPORT_C static TInt FreeShadowPage(TLinAddr aRomAddr);

    IMPORT_C static TInt FreezeShadowPage(TLinAddr aRomAddr);

    ...

    };</codeblock> <p>This represents a serious behaviour break in the kernel

interface. A device driver (running on ARMv7) that creates a shadow page and

then attempts to alter the content of the page now panics. </p> <p>This is

a common use case for run-mode debuggers. However, a debugging interface is

already provided, see <xref href="GUID-E91A8060-77E3-35F0-A945-7081406C79CE.dita"><apiname>DebugSupport</apiname></xref> in <filepath>...\memmodel\epoc\platform.h</filepath>,

where breakpoints are managed internally by the kernel. Therefore, it is believed

that a run-time debugger that uses the <codeph>CodeModifier</codeph> implementation

in the kernel should not be affected by this change. </p> <p>After a shadow

page is created using <xref href="GUID-3DC7B5F2-512E-3FF3-BC08-945DDE2AE680.dita#GUID-3DC7B5F2-512E-3FF3-BC08-945DDE2AE680/GUID-4FA10D18-3BA2-3307-B2E1-77C9CD8D2B6B"><apiname>Epoc::AllocShadowPage()</apiname></xref>, the kernel

allows the device driver to alter its content using <xref href="GUID-3DC7B5F2-512E-3FF3-BC08-945DDE2AE680.dita#GUID-3DC7B5F2-512E-3FF3-BC08-945DDE2AE680/GUID-5B889008-BC18-3127-89EF-B8EAB0834190"><apiname>Epoc::CopyToShadowMemory()</apiname></xref>. </p> <p><note> <xref href="GUID-3DC7B5F2-512E-3FF3-BC08-945DDE2AE680.dita#GUID-3DC7B5F2-512E-3FF3-BC08-945DDE2AE680/GUID-EF014DA2-EE35-3DBD-A325-C5648AD27C36"><apiname>Epoc::FreezeShadowPage()</apiname></xref> is obsolete for platforms that use the reduced set of access permissions,

as the shadow memory is always in a “frozen” state, because it can only be

changed through the kernel interface.</note> </p> </section>

<section id="GUID-E137E4E9-AADA-5BCE-8FC8-504ACD486394"><title>Remapping cache

attributes </title> <p>ARMv6 architecture uses a large number of bits in the

page table to describe all of the options for inner and outer cachability.

No applications use all of these options simultaneously so a smaller number

of configurable options has been implemented to meet the needs of the system. </p> <p>This

alternative cache mapping allows up to eight different mappings in page tables.

The Symbian OS kernel and device drivers do not need more than four or five

different cache mappings. </p> <p>Cache mapping cannot be altered during run-time.

It must be configured before the MMU is initialised. </p> <p>See the Bootstrap <xref href="GUID-5EB03086-A87D-5588-8927-7A7F8DB38366.dita">Port Implementation Tutorial</xref>. </p> <p id="GUID-EDFD1FE0-ACD7-54B4-9633-0149E3FDF551"><b>Types of memory supported</b> </p> <p>The

kernel supports the following types of memory: </p> <table id="GUID-23FAD8A6-579B-5E3D-A705-A53BA304D529">

<tgroup cols="2"><colspec colname="col0"/><colspec colname="col1"/>

<tbody>

<row>

<entry><p> <b>Memory type</b>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p> <b>Description</b>  </p> </entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry><p> <codeph>EMemAttStronglyOrdered</codeph>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p>Writes are not combined. The order of memory accesses is preserved.

Serves as a memory barrier, which means: </p> <ul>

<li id="GUID-800FC168-69E5-5A89-B5A4-F34AF25E7F9E"><p>previous accesses to

any type of memory must complete before accesses to strongly ordered memory

start </p> </li>

<li id="GUID-75C9FA7F-3BCC-50FE-B053-A48DEF46A2D2"><p>accesses to strongly

ordered memory must complete before any further access to any type of memory

takes place. </p> </li>

</ul> <p>This type is used for hardware mapping. </p> </entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry><p> <codeph>EMemAttDevice</codeph>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p>Writes are not combined. The order of memory accesses is preserved.

This type is used for hardware mapping. </p> </entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry><p> <codeph>EMemAttNormalUncached</codeph>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p>Non cacheable memory: The order of accesses is not preserved. Writes

may be combined. For example, this is used for video memory. </p> </entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry><p> <codeph>EMemAttNormalCached</codeph>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p>Write-back read/write allocate cached memory, inner and outer. Used

for “ordinary” memory. </p> </entry>

</row>

</tbody>

</tgroup>

</table> <p> <note> Device memory and normal memory can be set as shared or

non-shared, strongly ordered accesses are assumed to be shared. </note></p> <p>The

complete set of memory types supported by Symbian platform are represented

by the values of the <xref href="GUID-7CB34E6F-CBF7-3F04-8CB1-2D6C29C73992.dita"><apiname>TMemoryType</apiname></xref> enum. </p> <p id="GUID-548E9689-F7AB-5F61-A8AE-EA2043E70D34"><b>Mapping existing memory

types</b> </p> <p>The <xref href="GUID-1CE7A793-6313-372C-AC1A-6D3F6C6F5042.dita"><apiname>TMappingAttributes</apiname></xref> constants allow

the cache attributes to be manipulated. On remapped platforms, these map into <xref href="GUID-7CB34E6F-CBF7-3F04-8CB1-2D6C29C73992.dita"><apiname>TMemoryType</apiname></xref> as

follows: </p> <table id="GUID-24B0E1CD-67D9-5FAD-8984-9E202975F7EA">

<tgroup cols="2"><colspec colname="col0"/><colspec colname="col1"/>

<tbody>

<row>

<entry><p> <b> Memory type described by TMappingAttributes</b>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p> <b>Memory type</b>  </p> </entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry><p> <xref href="GUID-27DA5FEE-8F76-3D9E-8726-FA5CB808680A.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrFullyBlocking</apiname></xref>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p> <xref href="GUID-F6F245E9-9DB7-3BEF-8F58-9A7F8E0F5D59.dita"><apiname>EMemAttStronglyOrdered</apiname></xref>  </p> </entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry><p> <xref href="GUID-B8ACFB0F-B457-358F-96EF-94BFBA6FE4A5.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrBufferedNC</apiname></xref>  </p> <p> <xref href="GUID-468C3800-7AEE-3219-9EBB-9C52971B3E0E.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrBufferedC</apiname></xref>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p> <xref href="GUID-922F4FB9-57C0-31BF-ADFB-CC6B8376A39B.dita"><apiname>EMemAttDevice</apiname></xref>  </p> </entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry><p> <xref href="GUID-AE44E6A7-5CD2-31D9-A701-188B26CDEBB0.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrL1Uncached</apiname></xref>  </p> <p> <xref href="GUID-5ADA8BB4-A7B9-3347-B9A8-B50BE92F66BC.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrCachedWTRA</apiname></xref>  </p> <p> <xref href="GUID-54A8E3DA-996D-3317-A129-9AD12201E3C1.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrCachedWTWA</apiname></xref>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p> <xref href="GUID-FD4404AF-192C-3D20-A4BC-AE1181A14E43.dita"><apiname> EMemAttNormalUncached</apiname></xref>  </p> </entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry><p> <xref href="GUID-FA3DD609-9C88-38C9-8719-4AB28B8E84EA.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrCachedWBRA</apiname></xref>  </p> <p> <xref href="GUID-9B211A60-6B45-31D5-A096-2B7944E651A0.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrCachedWBWA</apiname></xref>  </p> <p> <xref href="GUID-BB620F1F-FD18-3FCB-B1FC-7C3555F471B6.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrL1CachedMax</apiname></xref>  </p> <p> <xref href="GUID-72222BDB-E369-3D03-B3EE-A04B125EB2A3.dita"><apiname>EmapAttrCachedMax</apiname></xref>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p> <xref href="GUID-2191E3C7-5F22-38D1-BB16-BD78B44AE7AA.dita"><apiname>EMemAttNormalCached</apiname></xref>  </p> </entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry><p> <xref href="GUID-A647726F-5569-3EAA-9E24-70FBEAF6F94B.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrAltCacheWTRA</apiname></xref>  </p> <p> <xref href="GUID-23C6459E-65F4-317E-B22D-6AB91A2F3462.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrAltCacheWTWA</apiname></xref>  </p> <p> <xref href="GUID-4F97DE5E-3031-3AB5-9646-996DD1EB9C15.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrAltCacheWBRA</apiname></xref>  </p> <p> <xref href="GUID-D34AE0F7-21A3-3B8C-B768-1A7840257780.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrAltCacheWBWA</apiname></xref>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p>Return error </p> </entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry><p> <xref href="GUID-1E6DD28F-F53C-34F0-B5A1-88263389ACF7.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrL2CachedWTRA</apiname></xref>  </p> <p> <xref href="GUID-1695C568-36F8-3860-8253-D25CC6F2100E.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrL2CachedWTWA</apiname></xref>  </p> <p> <xref href="GUID-E82A15FB-6A92-388F-A6F2-AA0DBAC720E8.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrL2CachedWBRA</apiname></xref>  </p> <p> <xref href="GUID-CAD3DE19-9508-319E-9C61-1E7910D30AC9.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrL2CachedWBWA</apiname></xref>  </p> <p> <xref href="GUID-CE3B3839-E9B5-3B8F-AB41-3F589CD3347C.dita"><apiname>EMapAttrL2CachedMax</apiname></xref>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p>Takes no effect. Only the inner cache description matters. </p> <p>This

policy is already in place on ARMv5 platforms with L210, where the page table

does not support a separate description of the inner and outer cache attributes. </p> </entry>

</row>

</tbody>

</tgroup>

</table> <p id="GUID-F90E6B00-6492-5471-975F-3C078046627A"><b> Mapping ARMv6K or ARMv7

onto TMappingAttributes</b> </p> <p>To describe memory on ARMv6K or ARMv7

using the original <xref href="GUID-1CE7A793-6313-372C-AC1A-6D3F6C6F5042.dita"><apiname>TMappingAttributes</apiname></xref> bit mask, the device

driver should use the following values: </p> <table id="GUID-C5D9F8B3-670A-5595-BE7A-288E34E077ED">

<tgroup cols="2"><colspec colname="col0"/><colspec colname="col1"/>

<tbody>

<row>

<entry><p> <b>ARMv6K/v7 memory type TMemoryType</b>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p> <b>TMappingAttributes mask to use</b>  </p> </entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry><p> <codeph>EMemAttStronglyOrdered</codeph>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p> <codeph>EMapAttrFullyBlocking</codeph>  </p> </entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry><p> <codeph>EMemAttDevice</codeph>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p> <codeph>EMapAttrBufferedNC</codeph>  </p> </entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry><p> <codeph>EMemAttNormalUncached</codeph>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p> <codeph>EMapAttrL1Uncached</codeph>  </p> </entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry><p> <codeph>EMemAttNormalCached</codeph>  </p> </entry>

<entry><p> <codeph>EmapAttrCachedMax</codeph>  </p> </entry>

</row>

</tbody>

</tgroup>

</table> </section>