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<concept xml:lang="en" id="GUID-6D59E35B-6572-519A-8CFD-CB7781DDE631"><title>printf</title><prolog><metadata><keywords/></metadata></prolog><conbody><p><userinput>printf format [ arg ... ] </userinput> </p> <p>Print the arguments according to the format specification. Formatting rules are the same as used in C. The same escape sequences as for <xref href="GUID-728F278B-30C8-5FA8-AD03-4C759690416E.dita">echo</xref> are recognised in the format. All C conversion specifications ending in one of <codeph>csdiouxXeEfgGn</codeph> are handled. </p> <table id="GUID-94F8F71A-02B3-52C8-BC40-19F1F30CB303"><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colname="col0"/><colspec colname="col1"/><thead><row><entry>Option</entry> <entry>Description</entry> </row> </thead> <tbody><row><entry><p> <codeph>%b</codeph>  </p> </entry> <entry><p>Cause escape sequences in the argument to be recognised. </p> </entry> </row> <row><entry><p> <codeph>%q </codeph>  </p> </entry> <entry><p>Quote the argument in such a way that allows it to be reused as shell input. With the numeric format specifiers, if the corresponding argument starts with a quote character, the numeric value of the following character is used as the number to print otherwise the argument is evaluated as an arithmetic expression. </p> </entry> </row> <row><entry><p> <codeph>%n</codeph>  </p> </entry> <entry><p>The corresponding argument is taken as an identifier which is created as an integer parameter. </p> </entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <p>Normally, conversion specifications are applied to each argument in order but they can explicitly specify the n<sup>th</sup> argument is to be used by replacing <codeph>%</codeph> by <codeph>%n$</codeph> and <codeph>*</codeph> by <codeph>*n$</codeph>. It is recommended that you do not mix references of this explicit style with the normal style and the handling of such mixed styles may be subject to future change. </p> <p>If arguments remain unused after formatting, the format string is reused until all arguments have been consumed. With the print builtin, this can be suppressed by using the <codeph>-r </codeph> option. If more arguments are required by the format than have been specified, the behaviour is as if zero or an empty string had been specified as the argument. </p> </conbody></concept>