releasing/cbrtools/perl/MLDBM/Sync.pm
changeset 602 3145852acc89
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600:6d08f4a05d93 602:3145852acc89
       
     1 # Copyright (c) 2001-2002 Joshua Chamas, Chamas Enterprises Inc.  All rights reserved.
       
     2 # Sponsored by development on NodeWorks http://www.nodeworks.com and Apache::ASP
       
     3 # http://www.apache-asp.org
       
     4 #
       
     5 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it
       
     6 # and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
       
     7 
       
     8 
       
     9 package MLDBM::Sync;
       
    10 $VERSION = '0.30';
       
    11 
       
    12 use MLDBM;
       
    13 use MLDBM::Sync::SDBM_File;
       
    14 use Data::Dumper;
       
    15 use Fcntl qw(:flock);
       
    16 use Digest::MD5 qw(md5_hex);
       
    17 use strict;
       
    18 use Carp qw(confess);
       
    19 no strict qw(refs);
       
    20 use vars qw($AUTOLOAD @EXT $CACHE_ERR $LOCK_SH $LOCK_EX $LOCK_UN);
       
    21 
       
    22 eval "use Tie::Cache;";
       
    23 if (($@)) {
       
    24     $CACHE_ERR = $@;
       
    25 }
       
    26 
       
    27 $LOCK_SH = LOCK_SH;
       
    28 $LOCK_UN = LOCK_UN;
       
    29 $LOCK_EX = LOCK_EX;
       
    30 
       
    31 @EXT = ('.pag', '.dir', '');
       
    32 
       
    33 sub TIEHASH {
       
    34     my($class, $file, @args) = @_;
       
    35 
       
    36     $file =~ /^(.*)$/s;
       
    37     $file = $1;
       
    38     my $fh = $file.".lock";
       
    39 
       
    40     my $self = bless {
       
    41 		      'file' => $file,
       
    42 		      'args' => [ $file, @args ],
       
    43 		      'lock_fh' => $fh,
       
    44 		      'lock_file' => $fh,
       
    45 		      'lock_num' => 0,
       
    46 		      'md5_keys' => 0,
       
    47 		      'pid' => $$,
       
    48 		      'keys' => [],
       
    49 		      'db_type' => $MLDBM::UseDB,
       
    50 		      'serializer' => $MLDBM::Serializer,
       
    51 		      'remove_taint' => $MLDBM::RemoveTaint,
       
    52 		     };
       
    53 
       
    54     $self;
       
    55 }
       
    56 
       
    57 sub DESTROY { 
       
    58     my $self = shift;
       
    59     if($self->{lock_num}) {
       
    60 	$self->{lock_num} = 1;
       
    61 	$self->UnLock;
       
    62     }
       
    63 }
       
    64 
       
    65 sub AUTOLOAD {
       
    66     my($self, $key, $value) = @_;
       
    67     $AUTOLOAD =~ /::([^:]+)$/;
       
    68     my $func = $1;
       
    69     grep($func eq $_, ('FETCH', 'STORE', 'EXISTS', 'DELETE'))
       
    70       || die("$func not handled by object $self");
       
    71 
       
    72     ## CHECKSUM KEYS
       
    73     if(defined $key && $self->{md5_keys}) {
       
    74 	$key = $self->SyncChecksum($key);
       
    75     }
       
    76 
       
    77     # CACHE, short circuit if found in cache on FETCH/EXISTS
       
    78     # after checksum, since that's what we store
       
    79     my $cache = (defined $key) ? $self->{cache} : undef;
       
    80     if($cache && ($func eq 'FETCH' or $func eq 'EXISTS')) {
       
    81 	my $rv = $cache->$func($key);
       
    82 	defined($rv) && return($rv);
       
    83     }
       
    84 
       
    85     my $rv;
       
    86     if ($func eq 'FETCH' or $func eq 'EXISTS') {
       
    87 	$self->read_lock;
       
    88     } else {
       
    89 	$self->lock;
       
    90     }
       
    91 
       
    92     {
       
    93 	local $MLDBM::RemoveTaint = $self->{remove_taint};
       
    94 	if (defined $value) {
       
    95 	    $rv = $self->{dbm}->$func($key, $value);
       
    96 	} else {
       
    97 	    $rv = $self->{dbm}->$func($key);
       
    98 	}
       
    99     }
       
   100 
       
   101     $self->unlock;
       
   102 
       
   103     # do after lock critical section, no point taking 
       
   104     # any extra time there
       
   105     $cache && $cache->$func($key, $value);
       
   106 
       
   107     $rv;
       
   108 }
       
   109 
       
   110 sub CLEAR { 
       
   111     my $self = shift;
       
   112     
       
   113     $self->lock;
       
   114     $self->{dbm}->CLEAR;
       
   115     $self->{dbm} = undef;
       
   116     # delete the files to free disk space
       
   117     my $unlinked = 0;
       
   118     for (@EXT) {
       
   119 	my $file = $self->{file}.$_;	
       
   120 	next if(! -e $file);
       
   121 	if(-d $file) {
       
   122 	    rmdir($file) || warn("can't unlink dir $file: $!");
       
   123 	} else {
       
   124 	    unlink($file) || die("can't unlink file $file: $!");
       
   125 	}
       
   126 
       
   127 	$unlinked++;
       
   128     }
       
   129     if($self->{lock_num} > 1) {
       
   130 	$self->SyncTie; # recreate, not done with it yet
       
   131     }
       
   132 
       
   133     $self->unlock;
       
   134     if($self->{lock_num} == 0) {
       
   135 	# only unlink if we are clear of all the locks
       
   136 	unlink($self->{lock_file});
       
   137     }
       
   138     
       
   139     $self->{cache} && $self->{cache}->CLEAR;
       
   140 
       
   141     1;
       
   142 };
       
   143 
       
   144 # don't bother with cache for first/next key since it'll kill
       
   145 # the cache anyway likely
       
   146 sub FIRSTKEY {
       
   147     my $self = shift;
       
   148 
       
   149     if($self->{md5_keys}) {
       
   150 	confess("can't get keys() or each() on MLDBM::Sync database ".
       
   151 		"with SyncKeysChecksum(1) set");
       
   152     }
       
   153     
       
   154     $self->read_lock;
       
   155     my $key = $self->{dbm}->FIRSTKEY();
       
   156     my @keys;
       
   157     while(1) {
       
   158 	last if ! defined($key);
       
   159 	push(@keys, $key);
       
   160 	$key = $self->{dbm}->NEXTKEY($key);
       
   161     }
       
   162     $self->unlock;
       
   163     $self->{'keys'} = \@keys;
       
   164 
       
   165     $self->NEXTKEY;
       
   166 }
       
   167 
       
   168 sub NEXTKEY {
       
   169     my $self = shift;
       
   170 
       
   171     if($self->{md5_keys}) {
       
   172 	confess("can't get keys() or each() on MLDBM::Sync database ".
       
   173 		"with SyncKeysChecksum(1) set");
       
   174     }
       
   175     
       
   176     my $rv = shift(@{$self->{'keys'}});
       
   177 }
       
   178 
       
   179 sub SyncChecksum {
       
   180     my($self, $key) = @_;
       
   181     if(ref $key) {
       
   182 	join('g', md5_hex($$key), sprintf("%07d",length($$key)));
       
   183     } else {
       
   184 	join('g', md5_hex($key), sprintf("%07d", length($key)));
       
   185     }
       
   186 }
       
   187 
       
   188 sub SyncCacheSize {
       
   189     my($self, $size) = @_;
       
   190     $CACHE_ERR && die("need Tie::Cache installed to use this feature: $@");
       
   191 
       
   192     if ($size =~ /^(\d+)(M|K)$/) {
       
   193 	my($num, $type) = ($1, $2);
       
   194 	if (($type eq 'M')) {
       
   195 	    $size = $num * 1024 * 1024;
       
   196 	} elsif (($type eq 'K')) {
       
   197 	    $size = $num * 1024;
       
   198 	} else {
       
   199 	    die "$type symbol not understood for $size";
       
   200 	}
       
   201     } else {
       
   202 	($size =~ /^\d+$/) or die("$size must be bytes size for cache");
       
   203     }
       
   204     
       
   205     if ($self->{cache}) {
       
   206 	$self->{cache}->CLEAR(); # purge old cache, to free up RAM maybe for mem leaks
       
   207     }
       
   208     
       
   209     my %cache;
       
   210     my $cache = tie %cache, 'Tie::Cache', { MaxBytes => $size };
       
   211     $self->{cache} = $cache; # use non tied interface, faster
       
   212 }
       
   213 
       
   214 sub SyncTie {
       
   215     my $self = shift;
       
   216     my %temp_hash;
       
   217     my $args = $self->{args};
       
   218     local $MLDBM::UseDB = $self->{db_type};
       
   219     local $MLDBM::Serializer = $self->{serializer};
       
   220     local $MLDBM::RemoveTaint = $self->{remove_taint};
       
   221     $self->{dbm} = tie(%temp_hash, 'MLDBM', @$args) || die("can't tie to MLDBM with args: ".join(',', @$args)."; error: $!");
       
   222 
       
   223     $self->{dbm};
       
   224 }
       
   225 
       
   226 #### DOCUMENTED API ################################################################
       
   227 
       
   228 sub SyncKeysChecksum {
       
   229     my($self, $setting) = @_;
       
   230     if(defined $setting) {
       
   231 	$self->{md5_keys} = $setting;
       
   232     } else {
       
   233 	$self->{md5_keys};
       
   234     }
       
   235 }
       
   236 
       
   237 *read_lock = *ReadLock;
       
   238 sub ReadLock { shift->Lock(1); }
       
   239 
       
   240 *lock = *SyncLock = *Lock;
       
   241 sub Lock {
       
   242     my($self, $read_lock) = @_;
       
   243 
       
   244     if($self->{lock_num}++ == 0) {
       
   245 	my $file = $self->{lock_file};
       
   246 	open($self->{lock_fh}, "+>$file") || die("can't open file $file: $!");
       
   247 	flock($self->{lock_fh}, ($read_lock ? $LOCK_SH : $LOCK_EX))
       
   248 	  || die("can't ". ($read_lock ? "read" : "write") ." lock $file: $!");
       
   249 	$self->{read_lock} = $read_lock;
       
   250 	$self->SyncTie;
       
   251     } else {
       
   252 	if ($self->{read_lock} and ! $read_lock) {
       
   253 	    $self->{lock_num}--; # roll back lock count
       
   254 	    # confess here to help developer track this down
       
   255 	    confess("Can't upgrade lock type from LOCK_SH to LOCK_EX! ".
       
   256 		    "This could happen if you tried to write to the MLDBM ".
       
   257 		    "in a critical section locked by ReadLock(). ".
       
   258 		    "Also the read expression my \$v = \$db{'key1'}{'key2'} will trigger a write ".
       
   259 		    "if \$db{'key1'} does not already exist, so this will error in a ReadLock() section"
       
   260 		    );
       
   261 	}
       
   262 	1;
       
   263     }
       
   264 }
       
   265 
       
   266 *unlock = *SyncUnLock = *UnLock;
       
   267 sub UnLock {
       
   268     my $self = shift;
       
   269 
       
   270     if($self->{lock_num} && $self->{lock_num}-- == 1) {
       
   271 	$self->{lock_num} = 0;
       
   272 	undef $self->{dbm};
       
   273 	flock($self->{'lock_fh'}, $LOCK_UN) || die("can't unlock $self->{'lock_file'}: $!");
       
   274 	close($self->{'lock_fh'}) || die("can't close $self->{'lock_file'}");
       
   275 	$self->{read_lock} = undef;
       
   276 	1;
       
   277     } else {
       
   278 	1;
       
   279     }
       
   280 }
       
   281 
       
   282 sub SyncSize {
       
   283     my $self = shift;
       
   284     my $size = 0;
       
   285     for (@EXT) {
       
   286 	my $file = $self->{file}.$_;	
       
   287 	next unless -e $file;
       
   288 	$size += (stat($file))[7];
       
   289 
       
   290 	if(-d $file) {
       
   291 	    $size += (stat($file))[7];
       
   292 	    opendir(DIR, $file) || next;
       
   293 	    my @files = readdir(DIR);
       
   294 	    for my $dir_file (@files) {
       
   295 		next if $dir_file =~ /^\.\.?$/;
       
   296 		$size += (stat("$file/$dir_file"))[7];
       
   297 	    }
       
   298 	    closedir(DIR);
       
   299 	}
       
   300     }
       
   301 
       
   302     $size;
       
   303 }
       
   304 
       
   305 1;
       
   306 
       
   307 __END__
       
   308 
       
   309 =head1 NAME
       
   310 
       
   311   MLDBM::Sync - safe concurrent access to MLDBM databases
       
   312 
       
   313 =head1 SYNOPSIS
       
   314 
       
   315   use MLDBM::Sync;                       # this gets the default, SDBM_File
       
   316   use MLDBM qw(DB_File Storable);        # use Storable for serializing
       
   317   use MLDBM qw(MLDBM::Sync::SDBM_File);  # use extended SDBM_File, handles values > 1024 bytes
       
   318   use Fcntl qw(:DEFAULT);                # import symbols O_CREAT & O_RDWR for use with DBMs
       
   319 
       
   320   # NORMAL PROTECTED read/write with implicit locks per i/o request
       
   321   my $sync_dbm_obj = tie %cache, 'MLDBM::Sync' [..other DBM args..] or die $!;
       
   322   $cache{"AAAA"} = "BBBB";
       
   323   my $value = $cache{"AAAA"};
       
   324 
       
   325   # SERIALIZED PROTECTED read/write with explicit lock for both i/o requests
       
   326   my $sync_dbm_obj = tie %cache, 'MLDBM::Sync', '/tmp/syncdbm', O_CREAT|O_RDWR, 0640;
       
   327   $sync_dbm_obj->Lock;
       
   328   $cache{"AAAA"} = "BBBB";
       
   329   my $value = $cache{"AAAA"};
       
   330   $sync_dbm_obj->UnLock;
       
   331 
       
   332   # SERIALIZED PROTECTED READ access with explicit read lock for both reads
       
   333   $sync_dbm_obj->ReadLock;
       
   334   my @keys = keys %cache;
       
   335   my $value = $cache{'AAAA'};
       
   336   $sync_dbm_obj->UnLock;
       
   337 
       
   338   # MEMORY CACHE LAYER with Tie::Cache
       
   339   $sync_dbm_obj->SyncCacheSize('100K');
       
   340 
       
   341   # KEY CHECKSUMS, for lookups on MD5 checksums on large keys
       
   342   my $sync_dbm_obj = tie %cache, 'MLDBM::Sync', '/tmp/syncdbm', O_CREAT|O_RDWR, 0640;
       
   343   $sync_dbm_obj->SyncKeysChecksum(1);
       
   344   my $large_key = "KEY" x 10000;
       
   345   $sync{$large_key} = "LARGE";
       
   346   my $value = $sync{$large_key};
       
   347 
       
   348 =head1 DESCRIPTION
       
   349 
       
   350 This module wraps around the MLDBM interface, by handling concurrent
       
   351 access to MLDBM databases with file locking, and flushes i/o explicity
       
   352 per lock/unlock.  The new [Read]Lock()/UnLock() API can be used to serialize
       
   353 requests logically and improve performance for bundled reads & writes.
       
   354 
       
   355   my $sync_dbm_obj = tie %cache, 'MLDBM::Sync', '/tmp/syncdbm', O_CREAT|O_RDWR, 0640;
       
   356 
       
   357   # Write locked critical section
       
   358   $sync_dbm_obj->Lock;
       
   359     ... all accesses to DBM LOCK_EX protected, and go to same tied file handles
       
   360     $cache{'KEY'} = 'VALUE';
       
   361   $sync_dbm_obj->UnLock;
       
   362 
       
   363   # Read locked critical section
       
   364   $sync_dbm_obj->ReadLock;
       
   365     ... all read accesses to DBM LOCK_SH protected, and go to same tied files
       
   366     ... WARNING, cannot write to DBM in ReadLock() section, will die()
       
   367     ... WARNING, my $v = $cache{'KEY'}{'SUBKEY'} will trigger a write so not safe
       
   368     ...   to use in ReadLock() section
       
   369     my $value = $cache{'KEY'};
       
   370   $sync_dbm_obj->UnLock;
       
   371 
       
   372   # Normal access OK too, without explicity locking
       
   373   $cache{'KEY'} = 'VALUE';
       
   374   my $value = $cache{'KEY'};
       
   375 
       
   376 MLDBM continues to serve as the underlying OO layer that
       
   377 serializes complex data structures to be stored in the databases.
       
   378 See the MLDBM L<BUGS> section for important limitations.
       
   379 
       
   380 MLDBM::Sync also provides built in RAM caching with Tie::Cache
       
   381 md5 key checksum functionality.
       
   382 
       
   383 =head1 INSTALL
       
   384 
       
   385 Like any other CPAN module, either use CPAN.pm, or perl -MCPAN C<-e> shell,
       
   386 or get the file MLDBM-Sync-x.xx.tar.gz, unzip, untar and:
       
   387 
       
   388   perl Makefile.PL
       
   389   make
       
   390   make test
       
   391   make install
       
   392 
       
   393 =head1 LOCKING
       
   394 
       
   395 The MLDBM::Sync wrapper protects MLDBM databases by locking
       
   396 and unlocking around read and write requests to the databases.
       
   397 Also necessary is for each new lock to tie() to the database
       
   398 internally, untie()ing when unlocking.  This flushes any
       
   399 i/o for the dbm to the operating system, and allows for
       
   400 concurrent read/write access to the databases.
       
   401 
       
   402 Without any extra effort from the developer, an existing 
       
   403 MLDBM database will benefit from MLDBM::sync.
       
   404 
       
   405   my $dbm_obj = tie %dbm, ...;
       
   406   $dbm{"key"} = "value";
       
   407 
       
   408 As a write or STORE operation, the above will automatically
       
   409 cause the following:
       
   410 
       
   411   $dbm_obj->Lock; # also ties
       
   412   $dbm{"key"} = "value";
       
   413   $dbm_obj->UnLock; # also unties
       
   414 
       
   415 Just so, a read or FETCH operation like:
       
   416 
       
   417   my $value = $dbm{"key"};
       
   418 
       
   419 will really trigger:
       
   420 
       
   421   $dbm_obj->ReadLock; # also ties
       
   422   my $value = $dbm{"key"};
       
   423   $dbm_obj->Lock; # also unties
       
   424 
       
   425 However, these lock operations are expensive because of the 
       
   426 underlying tie()/untie() that occurs for i/o flushing, so 
       
   427 when bundling reads & writes, a developer may explicitly
       
   428 use this API for greater performance:
       
   429 
       
   430   # tie once to database, write 100 times
       
   431   $dbm_obj->Lock;
       
   432   for (1..100) {
       
   433     $dbm{$_} = $_ * 100;
       
   434     ...
       
   435   }
       
   436   $dbm_obj->UnLock;
       
   437 
       
   438   # only tie once to database, and read 100 times
       
   439   $dbm_obj->ReadLock;
       
   440   for(1..100) {
       
   441     my $value = $dbm{$_};  
       
   442     ...
       
   443   }
       
   444   $dbm_obj->UnLock;
       
   445 
       
   446 =head1 CACHING
       
   447 
       
   448 I built MLDBM::Sync to serve as a fast and robust caching layer
       
   449 for use in multi-process environments like mod_perl.  In order
       
   450 to provide an additional speed boost when caching static data,
       
   451 I have added an RAM caching layer with Tie::Cache, which 
       
   452 regulates the size of the memory used with its MaxBytes setting.
       
   453 
       
   454 To activate this caching, just:
       
   455 
       
   456   my $dbm = tie %cache, 'MLDBM::Sync', '/tmp/syncdbm', O_CREAT|O_RDWR, 0640;
       
   457   $dbm->SyncCacheSize(100000);  # 100000 bytes max memory used
       
   458   $dbm->SyncCacheSize('100K');  # 100 Kbytes max memory used
       
   459   $dbm->SyncCacheSize('1M');    # 1 Megabyte max memory used
       
   460 
       
   461 The ./bench/bench_sync.pl, run like "bench_sync.pl C<-c>" will run 
       
   462 the tests with caching turned on creating a benchmark with 50%
       
   463 cache hits.
       
   464 
       
   465 One run without caching was:
       
   466 
       
   467  === INSERT OF 50 BYTE RECORDS ===
       
   468   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  SDBM_File                  0.16 seconds     12288 bytes
       
   469   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  MLDBM::Sync::SDBM_File     0.17 seconds     12288 bytes
       
   470   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  GDBM_File                  3.37 seconds     17980 bytes
       
   471   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  DB_File                    4.45 seconds     20480 bytes
       
   472 
       
   473 And with caching, with 50% cache hits:
       
   474 
       
   475  === INSERT OF 50 BYTE RECORDS ===
       
   476   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  SDBM_File                  0.11 seconds     12288 bytes
       
   477   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  MLDBM::Sync::SDBM_File     0.11 seconds     12288 bytes
       
   478   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  GDBM_File                  2.49 seconds     17980 bytes
       
   479   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  DB_File                    2.55 seconds     20480 bytes
       
   480 
       
   481 Even for SDBM_File, this speedup is near 33%.
       
   482 
       
   483 =head1 KEYS CHECKSUM
       
   484 
       
   485 A common operation on database lookups is checksumming
       
   486 the key, prior to the lookup, because the key could be
       
   487 very large, and all one really wants is the data it maps
       
   488 too.  To enable this functionality automatically with 
       
   489 MLDBM::Sync, just:
       
   490 
       
   491   my $sync_dbm_obj = tie %cache, 'MLDBM::Sync', '/tmp/syncdbm', O_CREAT|O_RDWR, 0640;
       
   492   $sync_dbm_obj->SyncKeysChecksum(1);
       
   493 
       
   494  !! WARNING: keys() & each() do not work on these databases
       
   495  !! as of v.03, so the developer will not be fooled into thinking
       
   496  !! the stored key values are meaningful to the calling application 
       
   497  !! and will die() if called.
       
   498  !!
       
   499  !! This behavior could be relaxed in the future.
       
   500  
       
   501 An example of this might be to cache a XSLT conversion,
       
   502 which are typically very expensive.  You have the 
       
   503 XML data and the XSLT data, so all you do is:
       
   504 
       
   505   # $xml_data, $xsl_data are strings
       
   506   my $xslt_output;
       
   507   unless ($xslt_output = $cache{$xml_data.'&&&&'.$xsl_data}) {
       
   508     ... do XSLT conversion here for $xslt_output ...
       
   509     $cache{$xml_data.'&&&&'.xsl_data} = $xslt_output;
       
   510   }
       
   511 
       
   512 What you save by doing this is having to create HUGE keys
       
   513 to lookup on, which no DBM is likely to do efficiently.
       
   514 This is the same method that File::Cache uses internally to 
       
   515 hash its file lookups in its directories.
       
   516 
       
   517 =head1 New MLDBM::Sync::SDBM_File
       
   518 
       
   519 SDBM_File, the default used for MLDBM and therefore MLDBM::Sync 
       
   520 has a limit of 1024 bytes for the size of a record.
       
   521 
       
   522 SDBM_File is also an order of magnitude faster for small records
       
   523 to use with MLDBM::Sync, than DB_File or GDBM_File, because the
       
   524 tie()/untie() to the dbm is much faster.  Therefore,
       
   525 bundled with MLDBM::Sync release is a MLDBM::Sync::SDBM_File
       
   526 layer which works around this 1024 byte limit.  To use, just:
       
   527 
       
   528   use MLDBM qw(MLDBM::Sync::SDBM_File);
       
   529 
       
   530 It works by breaking up up the STORE() values into small 128 
       
   531 byte segments, and spreading those segments across many records,
       
   532 creating a virtual record layer.  It also uses Compress::Zlib
       
   533 to compress STORED data, reducing the number of these 128 byte 
       
   534 records. In benchmarks, 128 byte record segments seemed to be a
       
   535 sweet spot for space/time efficiency, as SDBM_File created
       
   536 very bloated *.pag files for 128+ byte records.
       
   537 
       
   538 =head1 BENCHMARKS
       
   539 
       
   540 In the distribution ./bench directory is a bench_sync.pl script
       
   541 that can benchmark using the various DBMs with MLDBM::Sync.
       
   542 
       
   543 The MLDBM::Sync::SDBM_File DBM is special because is uses 
       
   544 SDBM_File for fast small inserts, but slows down linearly
       
   545 with the size of the data being inserted and read.
       
   546 
       
   547 The results for a dual PIII-450 linux 2.4.7, with a ext3 file system 
       
   548 blocksize 4096 mounted async on a RAID-1 2xIDE 7200 RPM disk were as follows:
       
   549 
       
   550  === INSERT OF 50 BYTE RECORDS ===
       
   551   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  SDBM_File                  0.16 seconds     12288 bytes
       
   552   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  MLDBM::Sync::SDBM_File     0.19 seconds     12288 bytes
       
   553   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  GDBM_File                  1.09 seconds     18066 bytes
       
   554   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  DB_File                    0.67 seconds     12288 bytes
       
   555   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  Tie::TextDir .04           0.31 seconds     13192 bytes
       
   556 
       
   557  === INSERT OF 500 BYTE RECORDS ===
       
   558  (skipping test for SDBM_File 100 byte limit)
       
   559   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  MLDBM::Sync::SDBM_File     0.52 seconds    110592 bytes
       
   560   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  GDBM_File                  1.20 seconds     63472 bytes
       
   561   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  DB_File                    0.66 seconds     86016 bytes
       
   562   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  Tie::TextDir .04           0.32 seconds     58192 bytes
       
   563 
       
   564  === INSERT OF 5000 BYTE RECORDS ===
       
   565  (skipping test for SDBM_File 100 byte limit)
       
   566   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  MLDBM::Sync::SDBM_File     1.41 seconds   1163264 bytes
       
   567   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  GDBM_File                  1.38 seconds    832400 bytes
       
   568   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  DB_File                    1.21 seconds    831488 bytes
       
   569   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  Tie::TextDir .04           0.58 seconds    508192 bytes
       
   570 
       
   571  === INSERT OF 20000 BYTE RECORDS ===
       
   572  (skipping test for SDBM_File 100 byte limit)
       
   573  (skipping test for MLDBM::Sync db size > 1M)
       
   574   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  GDBM_File                  2.23 seconds   2063912 bytes
       
   575   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  DB_File                    1.89 seconds   2060288 bytes
       
   576   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  Tie::TextDir .04           1.26 seconds   2008192 bytes
       
   577 
       
   578  === INSERT OF 50000 BYTE RECORDS ===
       
   579  (skipping test for SDBM_File 100 byte limit)
       
   580  (skipping test for MLDBM::Sync db size > 1M)
       
   581   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  GDBM_File                  3.66 seconds   5337944 bytes
       
   582   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  DB_File                    3.64 seconds   5337088 bytes
       
   583   Time for 100 writes + 100 reads for  Tie::TextDir .04           2.80 seconds   5008192 bytes
       
   584 
       
   585 =head1 AUTHORS
       
   586 
       
   587 Copyright (c) 2001-2002 Joshua Chamas, Chamas Enterprises Inc.  All rights reserved.
       
   588 Sponsored by development on NodeWorks http://www.nodeworks.com and Apache::ASP
       
   589 http://www.apache-asp.org
       
   590 
       
   591 This program is free software; you can redistribute it
       
   592 and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
       
   593 
       
   594 =head1 SEE ALSO
       
   595 
       
   596  MLDBM(3), SDBM_File(3), DB_File(3), GDBM_File(3)