r"""UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122.

This module provides immutable UUID objects (class UUID) and the functions

uuid1(), uuid3(), uuid4(), uuid5() for generating version 1, 3, 4, and 5

UUIDs as specified in RFC 4122.

If all you want is a unique ID, you should probably call uuid1() or uuid4().

Note that uuid1() may compromise privacy since it creates a UUID containing

the computer's network address.  uuid4() creates a random UUID.

Typical usage:

    >>> import uuid

    # make a UUID based on the host ID and current time

    >>> uuid.uuid1()

    UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')

    # make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name

    >>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')

    UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e')

    # make a random UUID

    >>> uuid.uuid4()

    UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da')

    # make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name

    >>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')

    UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d')

    # make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored)

    >>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}')

    # convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form

    >>> str(x)

    '00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f'

    # get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID

    >>> x.bytes

    '\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f'

    # make a UUID from a 16-byte string

    >>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes)

    UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')

"""

__author__ = 'Ka-Ping Yee <ping@zesty.ca>'

RESERVED_NCS, RFC_4122, RESERVED_MICROSOFT, RESERVED_FUTURE = [

    'reserved for NCS compatibility', 'specified in RFC 4122',

    'reserved for Microsoft compatibility', 'reserved for future definition']

class UUID(object):

    """Instances of the UUID class represent UUIDs as specified in RFC 4122.

    UUID objects are immutable, hashable, and usable as dictionary keys.

    Converting a UUID to a string with str() yields something in the form

    '12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc'.  The UUID constructor accepts

    five possible forms: a similar string of hexadecimal digits, or a tuple

    of six integer fields (with 32-bit, 16-bit, 16-bit, 8-bit, 8-bit, and

    48-bit values respectively) as an argument named 'fields', or a string

    of 16 bytes (with all the integer fields in big-endian order) as an

    argument named 'bytes', or a string of 16 bytes (with the first three

    fields in little-endian order) as an argument named 'bytes_le', or a

    single 128-bit integer as an argument named 'int'.

    UUIDs have these read-only attributes:

        bytes       the UUID as a 16-byte string (containing the six

                    integer fields in big-endian byte order)

        bytes_le    the UUID as a 16-byte string (with time_low, time_mid,

                    and time_hi_version in little-endian byte order)

        fields      a tuple of the six integer fields of the UUID,

                    which are also available as six individual attributes

                    and two derived attributes:

            time_low                the first 32 bits of the UUID

            time_mid                the next 16 bits of the UUID

            time_hi_version         the next 16 bits of the UUID

            clock_seq_hi_variant    the next 8 bits of the UUID

            clock_seq_low           the next 8 bits of the UUID

            node                    the last 48 bits of the UUID

            time                    the 60-bit timestamp

            clock_seq               the 14-bit sequence number

        hex         the UUID as a 32-character hexadecimal string

        int         the UUID as a 128-bit integer

        urn         the UUID as a URN as specified in RFC 4122

        variant     the UUID variant (one of the constants RESERVED_NCS,

                    RFC_4122, RESERVED_MICROSOFT, or RESERVED_FUTURE)

        version     the UUID version number (1 through 5, meaningful only

                    when the variant is RFC_4122)

    """

    def __init__(self, hex=None, bytes=None, bytes_le=None, fields=None,

                       int=None, version=None):

        r"""Create a UUID from either a string of 32 hexadecimal digits,

        a string of 16 bytes as the 'bytes' argument, a string of 16 bytes

        in little-endian order as the 'bytes_le' argument, a tuple of six

        integers (32-bit time_low, 16-bit time_mid, 16-bit time_hi_version,

        8-bit clock_seq_hi_variant, 8-bit clock_seq_low, 48-bit node) as

        the 'fields' argument, or a single 128-bit integer as the 'int'

        argument.  When a string of hex digits is given, curly braces,

        hyphens, and a URN prefix are all optional.  For example, these

        expressions all yield the same UUID:

        UUID('{12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678}')

        UUID('12345678123456781234567812345678')

        UUID('urn:uuid:12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678')

        UUID(bytes='\x12\x34\x56\x78'*4)

        UUID(bytes_le='\x78\x56\x34\x12\x34\x12\x78\x56' +

                      '\x12\x34\x56\x78\x12\x34\x56\x78')

        UUID(fields=(0x12345678, 0x1234, 0x5678, 0x12, 0x34, 0x567812345678))

        UUID(int=0x12345678123456781234567812345678)

        Exactly one of 'hex', 'bytes', 'bytes_le', 'fields', or 'int' must

        be given.  The 'version' argument is optional; if given, the resulting

        UUID will have its variant and version set according to RFC 4122,

        overriding the given 'hex', 'bytes', 'bytes_le', 'fields', or 'int'.

        """

        if [hex, bytes, bytes_le, fields, int].count(None) != 4:

            raise TypeError('need one of hex, bytes, bytes_le, fields, or int')

        if hex is not None:

            hex = hex.replace('urn:', '').replace('uuid:', '')

            hex = hex.strip('{}').replace('-', '')

            if len(hex) != 32:

                raise ValueError('badly formed hexadecimal UUID string')

            int = long(hex, 16)

        if bytes_le is not None:

            if len(bytes_le) != 16:

                raise ValueError('bytes_le is not a 16-char string')

            bytes = (bytes_le[3] + bytes_le[2] + bytes_le[1] + bytes_le[0] +

                     bytes_le[5] + bytes_le[4] + bytes_le[7] + bytes_le[6] +

                     bytes_le[8:])

        if bytes is not None:

            if len(bytes) != 16:

                raise ValueError('bytes is not a 16-char string')

            int = long(('%02x'*16) % tuple(map(ord, bytes)), 16)

        if fields is not None:

            if len(fields) != 6:

                raise ValueError('fields is not a 6-tuple')

            (time_low, time_mid, time_hi_version,

             clock_seq_hi_variant, clock_seq_low, node) = fields

            if not 0 <= time_low < 1<<32L:

                raise ValueError('field 1 out of range (need a 32-bit value)')

            if not 0 <= time_mid < 1<<16L:

                raise ValueError('field 2 out of range (need a 16-bit value)')

            if not 0 <= time_hi_version < 1<<16L:

                raise ValueError('field 3 out of range (need a 16-bit value)')

            if not 0 <= clock_seq_hi_variant < 1<<8L:

                raise ValueError('field 4 out of range (need an 8-bit value)')

            if not 0 <= clock_seq_low < 1<<8L:

                raise ValueError('field 5 out of range (need an 8-bit value)')

            if not 0 <= node < 1<<48L:

                raise ValueError('field 6 out of range (need a 48-bit value)')

            clock_seq = (clock_seq_hi_variant << 8L) | clock_seq_low

            int = ((time_low << 96L) | (time_mid << 80L) |

                   (time_hi_version << 64L) | (clock_seq << 48L) | node)

        if int is not None:

            if not 0 <= int < 1<<128L:

                raise ValueError('int is out of range (need a 128-bit value)')

        if version is not None:

            if not 1 <= version <= 5:

                raise ValueError('illegal version number')

            # Set the variant to RFC 4122.

            int &= ~(0xc000 << 48L)

            int |= 0x8000 << 48L

            # Set the version number.

            int &= ~(0xf000 << 64L)

            int |= version << 76L

        self.__dict__['int'] = int

    def __cmp__(self, other):

        if isinstance(other, UUID):

            return cmp(self.int, other.int)

        return NotImplemented

    def __hash__(self):

        return hash(self.int)

    def __int__(self):

        return self.int

    def __repr__(self):

        return 'UUID(%r)' % str(self)

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):

        raise TypeError('UUID objects are immutable')

    def __str__(self):

        hex = '%032x' % self.int

        return '%s-%s-%s-%s-%s' % (

            hex[:8], hex[8:12], hex[12:16], hex[16:20], hex[20:])

    def get_bytes(self):

        bytes = ''

        for shift in range(0, 128, 8):

            bytes = chr((self.int >> shift) & 0xff) + bytes

        return bytes

    bytes = property(get_bytes)

    def get_bytes_le(self):

        bytes = self.bytes

        return (bytes[3] + bytes[2] + bytes[1] + bytes[0] +

                bytes[5] + bytes[4] + bytes[7] + bytes[6] + bytes[8:])

    bytes_le = property(get_bytes_le)

    def get_fields(self):

        return (self.time_low, self.time_mid, self.time_hi_version,

                self.clock_seq_hi_variant, self.clock_seq_low, self.node)

    fields = property(get_fields)

    def get_time_low(self):

        return self.int >> 96L

    time_low = property(get_time_low)

    def get_time_mid(self):

        return (self.int >> 80L) & 0xffff

    time_mid = property(get_time_mid)

    def get_time_hi_version(self):

        return (self.int >> 64L) & 0xffff

    time_hi_version = property(get_time_hi_version)

    def get_clock_seq_hi_variant(self):

        return (self.int >> 56L) & 0xff

    clock_seq_hi_variant = property(get_clock_seq_hi_variant)

    def get_clock_seq_low(self):

        return (self.int >> 48L) & 0xff

    clock_seq_low = property(get_clock_seq_low)

    def get_time(self):

        return (((self.time_hi_version & 0x0fffL) << 48L) |

                (self.time_mid << 32L) | self.time_low)

    time = property(get_time)

    def get_clock_seq(self):

        return (((self.clock_seq_hi_variant & 0x3fL) << 8L) |

                self.clock_seq_low)

    clock_seq = property(get_clock_seq)

    def get_node(self):

        return self.int & 0xffffffffffff

    node = property(get_node)

    def get_hex(self):

        return '%032x' % self.int

    hex = property(get_hex)

    def get_urn(self):

        return 'urn:uuid:' + str(self)

    urn = property(get_urn)

    def get_variant(self):

        if not self.int & (0x8000 << 48L):

            return RESERVED_NCS

        elif not self.int & (0x4000 << 48L):

            return RFC_4122

        elif not self.int & (0x2000 << 48L):

            return RESERVED_MICROSOFT

        else:

            return RESERVED_FUTURE

    variant = property(get_variant)

    def get_version(self):

        # The version bits are only meaningful for RFC 4122 UUIDs.

        if self.variant == RFC_4122:

            return int((self.int >> 76L) & 0xf)

    version = property(get_version)

def _find_mac(command, args, hw_identifiers, get_index):

    import os

    for dir in ['', '/sbin/', '/usr/sbin']:

        executable = os.path.join(dir, command)

        if not os.path.exists(executable):

            continue

        try:

            # LC_ALL to get English output, 2>/dev/null to

            # prevent output on stderr

            cmd = 'LC_ALL=C %s %s 2>/dev/null' % (executable, args)

            pipe = os.popen(cmd)

        except IOError:

            continue

        for line in pipe:

            words = line.lower().split()

            for i in range(len(words)):

                if words[i] in hw_identifiers:

                    return int(words[get_index(i)].replace(':', ''), 16)

    return None

def _ifconfig_getnode():

    """Get the hardware address on Unix by running ifconfig."""

    # This works on Linux ('' or '-a'), Tru64 ('-av'), but not all Unixes.

    for args in ('', '-a', '-av'):

        mac = _find_mac('ifconfig', args, ['hwaddr', 'ether'], lambda i: i+1)

        if mac:

            return mac

    import socket

    ip_addr = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())

    # Try getting the MAC addr from arp based on our IP address (Solaris).

    mac = _find_mac('arp', '-an', [ip_addr], lambda i: -1)

    if mac:

        return mac

    # This might work on HP-UX.

    mac = _find_mac('lanscan', '-ai', ['lan0'], lambda i: 0)

    if mac:

        return mac

    return None

def _ipconfig_getnode():

    """Get the hardware address on Windows by running ipconfig.exe."""

    import os, re

    dirs = ['', r'c:\windows\system32', r'c:\winnt\system32']

    try:

        import ctypes

        buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(300)

        ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetSystemDirectoryA(buffer, 300)

        dirs.insert(0, buffer.value.decode('mbcs'))

    except:

        pass

    for dir in dirs:

        try:

            pipe = os.popen(os.path.join(dir, 'ipconfig') + ' /all')

        except IOError:

            continue

        for line in pipe:

            value = line.split(':')[-1].strip().lower()

            if re.match('([0-9a-f][0-9a-f]-){5}[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]', value):

                return int(value.replace('-', ''), 16)

def _netbios_getnode():

    """Get the hardware address on Windows using NetBIOS calls.

    See http://support.microsoft.com/kb/118623 for details."""

    import win32wnet, netbios

    ncb = netbios.NCB()

    ncb.Command = netbios.NCBENUM

    ncb.Buffer = adapters = netbios.LANA_ENUM()

    adapters._pack()

    if win32wnet.Netbios(ncb) != 0:

        return

    adapters._unpack()

    for i in range(adapters.length):

        ncb.Reset()

        ncb.Command = netbios.NCBRESET

        ncb.Lana_num = ord(adapters.lana[i])

        if win32wnet.Netbios(ncb) != 0:

            continue

        ncb.Reset()

        ncb.Command = netbios.NCBASTAT

        ncb.Lana_num = ord(adapters.lana[i])

        ncb.Callname = '*'.ljust(16)

        ncb.Buffer = status = netbios.ADAPTER_STATUS()

        if win32wnet.Netbios(ncb) != 0:

            continue

        status._unpack()

        bytes = map(ord, status.adapter_address)

        return ((bytes[0]<<40L) + (bytes[1]<<32L) + (bytes[2]<<24L) +

                (bytes[3]<<16L) + (bytes[4]<<8L) + bytes[5])

# Thanks to Thomas Heller for ctypes and for his help with its use here.

# If ctypes is available, use it to find system routines for UUID generation.

_uuid_generate_random = _uuid_generate_time = _UuidCreate = None

try:

    import ctypes, ctypes.util

    _buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(16)

    # The uuid_generate_* routines are provided by libuuid on at least

    # Linux and FreeBSD, and provided by libc on Mac OS X.

    for libname in ['uuid', 'c']:

        try:

            lib = ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library(libname))

        except:

            continue

        if hasattr(lib, 'uuid_generate_random'):

            _uuid_generate_random = lib.uuid_generate_random

        if hasattr(lib, 'uuid_generate_time'):

            _uuid_generate_time = lib.uuid_generate_time

    # On Windows prior to 2000, UuidCreate gives a UUID containing the

    # hardware address.  On Windows 2000 and later, UuidCreate makes a

    # random UUID and UuidCreateSequential gives a UUID containing the

    # hardware address.  These routines are provided by the RPC runtime.

    # NOTE:  at least on Tim's WinXP Pro SP2 desktop box, while the last

    # 6 bytes returned by UuidCreateSequential are fixed, they don't appear

    # to bear any relationship to the MAC address of any network device

    # on the box.

    try:

        lib = ctypes.windll.rpcrt4

    except:

        lib = None

    _UuidCreate = getattr(lib, 'UuidCreateSequential',

                          getattr(lib, 'UuidCreate', None))

except:

    pass

def _unixdll_getnode():

    """Get the hardware address on Unix using ctypes."""

    _uuid_generate_time(_buffer)

    return UUID(bytes=_buffer.raw).node

def _windll_getnode():

    """Get the hardware address on Windows using ctypes."""

    if _UuidCreate(_buffer) == 0:

        return UUID(bytes=_buffer.raw).node

def _random_getnode():

    """Get a random node ID, with eighth bit set as suggested by RFC 4122."""

    import random

    return random.randrange(0, 1<<48L) | 0x010000000000L

_node = None

def getnode():

    """Get the hardware address as a 48-bit positive integer.

    The first time this runs, it may launch a separate program, which could

    be quite slow.  If all attempts to obtain the hardware address fail, we

    choose a random 48-bit number with its eighth bit set to 1 as recommended

    in RFC 4122.

    """

    global _node

    if _node is not None:

        return _node

    import sys

    if sys.platform == 'win32':

        getters = [_windll_getnode, _netbios_getnode, _ipconfig_getnode]

    else:

        getters = [_unixdll_getnode, _ifconfig_getnode]

    for getter in getters + [_random_getnode]:

        try:

            _node = getter()

        except:

            continue

        if _node is not None:

            return _node

_last_timestamp = None

def uuid1(node=None, clock_seq=None):

    """Generate a UUID from a host ID, sequence number, and the current time.

    If 'node' is not given, getnode() is used to obtain the hardware

    address.  If 'clock_seq' is given, it is used as the sequence number;

    otherwise a random 14-bit sequence number is chosen."""

    # When the system provides a version-1 UUID generator, use it (but don't

    # use UuidCreate here because its UUIDs don't conform to RFC 4122).

    if _uuid_generate_time and node is clock_seq is None:

        _uuid_generate_time(_buffer)

        return UUID(bytes=_buffer.raw)

    global _last_timestamp

    import time

    nanoseconds = int(time.time() * 1e9)

    # 0x01b21dd213814000 is the number of 100-ns intervals between the

    # UUID epoch 1582-10-15 00:00:00 and the Unix epoch 1970-01-01 00:00:00.

    timestamp = int(nanoseconds/100) + 0x01b21dd213814000L

    if timestamp <= _last_timestamp:

        timestamp = _last_timestamp + 1

    _last_timestamp = timestamp

    if clock_seq is None:

        import random

        clock_seq = random.randrange(1<<14L) # instead of stable storage

    time_low = timestamp & 0xffffffffL

    time_mid = (timestamp >> 32L) & 0xffffL

    time_hi_version = (timestamp >> 48L) & 0x0fffL

    clock_seq_low = clock_seq & 0xffL

    clock_seq_hi_variant = (clock_seq >> 8L) & 0x3fL

    if node is None:

        node = getnode()

    return UUID(fields=(time_low, time_mid, time_hi_version,

                        clock_seq_hi_variant, clock_seq_low, node), version=1)

def uuid3(namespace, name):

    """Generate a UUID from the MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name."""

    import md5

    hash = md5.md5(namespace.bytes + name).digest()

    return UUID(bytes=hash[:16], version=3)

def uuid4():

    """Generate a random UUID."""

    # When the system provides a version-4 UUID generator, use it.

    if _uuid_generate_random:

        _uuid_generate_random(_buffer)

        return UUID(bytes=_buffer.raw)

    # Otherwise, get randomness from urandom or the 'random' module.

    try:

        import os

        return UUID(bytes=os.urandom(16), version=4)

    except:

        import random

        bytes = [chr(random.randrange(256)) for i in range(16)]

        return UUID(bytes=bytes, version=4)