dummy_foundation/lib/Parse/Yapp/Lalr.pm
changeset 0 02cd6b52f378
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/dummy_foundation/lib/Parse/Yapp/Lalr.pm	Thu May 28 10:10:03 2009 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,939 @@
+#
+# Module Parse::Yapp::Lalr
+#
+# (c) Copyright 1998-2001 Francois Desarmenien, all rights reserved.
+# (see the pod text in Parse::Yapp module for use and distribution rights)
+#
+package Parse::Yapp::Lalr;
+@ISA=qw( Parse::Yapp::Grammar );
+
+require 5.004;
+
+use Parse::Yapp::Grammar;
+
+=for nobody
+
+Parse::Yapp::Compile Object Structure:
+--------------------------------------
+{
+   GRAMMAR =>    Parse::Yapp::Grammar,
+   STATES  =>    [ { CORE    => [ items... ],
+                     ACTIONS  => { term => action }
+                     GOTOS   => { nterm => stateno }
+                   }... ]
+   CONFLICTS=>{ SOLVED => { stateno  => [ ruleno, token, solved ] }, 
+                FORCED => { TOTAL => [ nbsr, nbrr ],
+                            DETAIL => { stateno => { TOTAL => [ nbsr, nbrr ] }
+                                                     LIST => [ ruleno, token ]
+                                                   }
+                                      }
+                          } 
+}
+
+'items' are of form: [ ruleno, dotpos ]
+'term' in ACTIONS is '' means default action
+'action' may be:
+    undef:  explicit error (nonassociativity)
+    0    :  accept
+    >0   :  shift and go to state 'action'
+    <0   :  reduce using rule -'action'
+'solved' may have values of:
+         'shift'  if solved as Shift
+         'reduce' if solved as Reduce
+         'error'  if solved by discarding both Shift and Reduce (nonassoc)
+
+SOLVED is a set of states containing Solved conflicts
+FORCED are forced conflict resolutions
+
+nbsr and nbrr are number of shift/reduce and reduce/reduce conflicts
+
+TOTAL is the total number of SR/RR conflicts for the parser
+
+DETAIL is the detail of conflicts for each state
+TOTAL is the total number of SR/RR conflicts for a state
+LIST is the list of discarded reductions (for display purpose only)
+
+
+=cut
+
+use strict;
+
+use Carp;
+
+###############
+# Constructor #
+###############
+sub new {
+    my($class)=shift;
+
+		ref($class)
+	and	$class=ref($class);
+
+	my($self)=$class->SUPER::new(@_);
+    $self->_Compile();
+    bless($self,$class);
+}
+###########
+# Methods #
+###########
+
+###########################
+# Method To View Warnings #
+###########################
+sub Warnings {
+    my($self)=shift;
+    my($text);
+    my($nbsr,$nbrr)=@{$$self{CONFLICTS}{FORCED}{TOTAL}};
+
+	$text=$self->SUPER::Warnings();
+
+        $nbsr != $$self{GRAMMAR}{EXPECT}
+    and $text.="$nbsr shift/reduce conflict".($nbsr > 1 ? "s" : "");
+
+        $nbrr
+    and do {
+            $nbsr
+        and $text.=" and ";
+        $text.="$nbrr reduce/reduce conflict".($nbrr > 1 ? "s" : "");
+    };
+
+       (    $nbsr != $$self{GRAMMAR}{EXPECT}
+        or  $nbrr)
+    and $text.="\n";
+
+    $text;
+}
+#############################
+# Method To View DFA States #
+#############################
+sub ShowDfa {
+    my($self)=shift;
+    my($text);
+    my($grammar,$states)=($$self{GRAMMAR}, $$self{STATES});
+
+    for my $stateno (0..$#$states) {
+        my(@shifts,@reduces,@errors,$default);
+
+        $text.="State $stateno:\n\n";
+
+        #Dump Kernel Items
+        for (sort {     $$a[0] <=> $$b[0]
+                    or  $$a[1] <=> $$b[1] } @{$$states[$stateno]{'CORE'}}) {
+            my($ruleno,$pos)=@$_;
+            my($lhs,$rhs)=@{$$grammar{RULES}[$ruleno]}[0,1];
+            my(@rhscopy)=@$rhs;
+        
+                $ruleno
+            or  $rhscopy[-1] = '$end';
+
+            splice(@rhscopy,$pos,0,'.');
+            $text.= "\t$lhs -> ".join(' ',@rhscopy)."\t(Rule $ruleno)\n";
+        }
+
+        #Prepare Actions
+        for (keys(%{$$states[$stateno]{ACTIONS}})) {
+            my($term,$action)=($_,$$states[$stateno]{ACTIONS}{$_});
+
+                $term eq chr(0)
+            and $term = '$end';
+
+                not defined($action)
+            and do {
+                push(@errors,$term);
+                next;
+            };
+
+                $action > 0
+            and do {
+                push(@shifts,[ $term, $action ]);
+                next;
+            };
+
+            $action = -$action;
+
+                $term
+            or  do {
+                $default= [ '$default', $action ];
+                next;
+            };
+
+            push(@reduces,[ $term, $action ]);
+        }
+
+            #Dump shifts
+            @shifts
+        and do {
+            $text.="\n";
+            for (sort { $$a[0] cmp $$b[0] } @shifts) {
+                my($term,$shift)=@$_;
+
+                $text.="\t$term\tshift, and go to state $shift\n";
+            }
+        };
+
+            #Dump errors
+            @errors
+        and do {
+            $text.="\n";
+            for my $term (sort { $a cmp $b } @errors) {
+                $text.="\t$term\terror (nonassociative)\n";
+            }
+        };
+
+        #Prepare reduces
+            exists($$self{CONFLICTS}{FORCED}{DETAIL}{$stateno})
+        and push(@reduces,@{$$self{CONFLICTS}{FORCED}{DETAIL}{$stateno}{LIST}});
+
+        @reduces=sort { $$a[0] cmp $$b[0] or $$a[1] <=> $$b[1] } @reduces;
+
+            defined($default)
+        and push(@reduces,$default);
+
+        #Dump reduces
+            @reduces
+        and do {
+            $text.="\n";
+            for (@reduces) {
+                my($term,$ruleno)=@$_;
+                my($discard);
+
+                    $ruleno < 0
+                and do {
+                    ++$discard;
+                    $ruleno = -$ruleno;
+                };
+
+                $text.= "\t$term\t".($discard  ? "[" : "");
+                if($ruleno) {
+                    $text.= "reduce using rule $ruleno ".
+                            "($$grammar{RULES}[$ruleno][0])";
+                }
+                else {
+                    $text.='accept';
+                }
+                $text.=($discard  ? "]" : "")."\n";
+            }
+        };
+
+            #Dump gotos
+            exists($$states[$stateno]{GOTOS})
+        and    do {
+                $text.= "\n";
+                for (keys(%{$$states[$stateno]{GOTOS}})) {
+                    $text.= "\t$_\tgo to state $$states[$stateno]{GOTOS}{$_}\n";
+                }
+            };
+
+        $text.="\n";
+    }
+    $text;
+}
+
+######################################
+# Method to get summary about parser #
+######################################
+sub Summary {
+    my($self)=shift;
+    my($text);
+
+	$text=$self->SUPER::Summary();
+    $text.="Number of states        : ".
+            scalar(@{$$self{STATES}})."\n";
+    $text;
+}
+
+#######################################
+# Method To Get Infos about conflicts #
+#######################################
+sub Conflicts {
+    my($self)=shift;
+    my($states)=$$self{STATES};
+    my($conflicts)=$$self{CONFLICTS};
+    my($text);
+
+    for my $stateno ( sort { $a <=> $b } keys(%{$$conflicts{SOLVED}})) {
+
+        for (@{$$conflicts{SOLVED}{$stateno}}) {
+            my($ruleno,$token,$how)=@$_;
+
+                $token eq chr(0)
+            and $token = '$end';
+
+            $text.="Conflict in state $stateno between rule ".
+                   "$ruleno and token $token resolved as $how.\n"; 
+        }
+    };
+
+    for my $stateno ( sort { $a <=> $b } keys(%{$$conflicts{FORCED}{DETAIL}})) {
+        my($nbsr,$nbrr)=@{$$conflicts{FORCED}{DETAIL}{$stateno}{TOTAL}};
+
+        $text.="State $stateno contains ";
+
+            $nbsr
+        and $text.="$nbsr shift/reduce conflict".
+                   ($nbsr > 1 ? "s" : "");
+
+            $nbrr
+        and do {
+                $nbsr
+            and $text.=" and ";
+
+            $text.="$nbrr reduce/reduce conflict".
+                   ($nbrr > 1 ? "s" : "");
+        };
+        $text.="\n";
+    };
+
+    $text;
+}
+
+#################################
+# Method to dump parsing tables #
+#################################
+sub DfaTable {
+    my($self)=shift;
+    my($states)=$$self{STATES};
+    my($stateno);
+    my($text);
+
+    $text="[\n\t{";
+
+    $text.=join("\n\t},\n\t{",
+                map {
+                    my($state)=$_;
+                    my($text);
+
+                    $text="#State ".$stateno++."\n\t\t";
+
+                       (    not exists($$state{ACTIONS}{''})
+                        or  keys(%{$$state{ACTIONS}}) > 1)
+                    and do {
+
+                        $text.="ACTIONS => {\n\t\t\t";
+
+                        $text.=join(",\n\t\t\t",
+                                map {
+                                    my($term,$action)=($_,$$state{ACTIONS}{$_});
+                                    my($text);
+
+                                    if(substr($term,0,1) eq "'") {
+									    $term=~s/([\@\$\"])/\\$1/g;
+                                        $term=~s/^'|'$/"/g;
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        $term=      $term eq chr(0)
+                                                ?   "''" 
+                                                :   "'$term'";
+                                    }
+
+                                    if(defined($action)) {
+                                        $action=int($action);
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        $action='undef';
+                                    }
+
+                                    "$term => $action";
+                                
+                                } grep { $_ } keys(%{$$state{ACTIONS}}));
+
+                        $text.="\n\t\t}";
+                    };
+
+                        exists($$state{ACTIONS}{''})
+                    and do {
+                            keys(%{$$state{ACTIONS}}) > 1
+                        and $text.=",\n\t\t";
+
+                        $text.="DEFAULT => $$state{ACTIONS}{''}";
+                    };
+
+                        exists($$state{GOTOS})
+                    and do {
+                        $text.=",\n\t\tGOTOS => {\n\t\t\t";
+                        $text.=join(",\n\t\t\t",
+                                map {
+                                    my($nterm,$stateno)=($_,$$state{GOTOS}{$_});
+                                    my($text);
+
+                                    "'$nterm' => $stateno";
+                                
+                                } keys(%{$$state{GOTOS}}));
+                        $text.="\n\t\t}";
+                    };
+
+                    $text;
+
+                }@$states);
+
+    $text.="\n\t}\n]";
+
+    $text;
+
+}
+
+
+####################################
+# Method to build Dfa from Grammar #
+####################################
+sub _Compile {
+	my($self)=shift;
+	my($grammar,$states);
+
+	$grammar=$self->{GRAMMAR};
+
+    $states = _LR0($grammar);
+
+    $self->{CONFLICTS} = _LALR($grammar,$states);
+
+    $self->{STATES}=$states;
+}
+
+#########################
+# LR0 States Generation #
+#########################
+#
+###########################
+# General digraph routine #
+###########################
+sub _Digraph {
+    my($rel,$F)=@_;
+    my(%N,@S);
+    my($infinity)=(~(1<<31));
+    my($Traverse);
+
+    $Traverse = sub {
+        my($x,$d)=@_;
+        my($y);
+
+        push(@S,$x);
+        $N{$x}=$d;
+
+            exists($$rel{$x})
+        and do {
+            for $y (keys(%{$$rel{$x}})) {
+                    exists($N{$y})
+                or  &$Traverse($y,$d+1);
+
+                    $N{$y} < $N{$x}
+                and $N{$x} = $N{$y};
+
+                $$F{$x}|=$$F{$y};
+            }
+        };
+
+            $N{$x} == $d
+        and do {
+            for(;;) {
+                $y=pop(@S);
+                $N{$y}=$infinity;
+                    $y eq $x
+                and last;
+                $$F{$y}=$$F{$x};
+            }
+        };
+    };
+
+    for (keys(%$rel)) {
+            exists($N{$_})
+        or  &$Traverse($_,1);
+    }
+}
+#######################
+# Generate LR0 states # 
+#######################
+=for nobody
+Formula used for closures:
+
+    CLOSE(A) = DCLOSE(A) u U (CLOSE(B) | A close B)
+
+where:
+
+    DCLOSE(A) = { [ A -> alpha ] in P }
+
+    A close B iff [ A -> B gamma ] in P
+
+=cut
+sub _SetClosures {
+	my($grammar)=@_;
+    my($rel,$closures);
+
+    for my $symbol (keys(%{$$grammar{NTERM}})) {
+        $closures->{$symbol}=pack('b'.@{$$grammar{RULES}});
+
+        for my $ruleno (@{$$grammar{NTERM}{$symbol}}) {
+            my($rhs)=$$grammar{RULES}[$ruleno][1];
+
+            vec($closures->{$symbol},$ruleno,1)=1;
+
+                @$rhs > 0
+            and exists($$grammar{NTERM}{$$rhs[0]})
+            and ++$rel->{$symbol}{$$rhs[0]};
+        }
+    }
+    _Digraph($rel,$closures);
+
+	$closures
+}
+
+sub _Closures {
+    my($grammar,$core,$closures)=@_;
+    my($ruleset)=pack('b'.@{$$grammar{RULES}});
+
+    for (@$core) {
+        my($ruleno,$pos)=@$_;
+        my($rhs)=$$grammar{RULES}[$ruleno][1];
+
+            $pos < @$rhs
+        and exists($closures->{$$rhs[$pos]})
+        and $ruleset|=$closures->{$$rhs[$pos]};
+    }
+    [ @$core, map  { [ $_, 0 ] }
+              grep { vec($ruleset,$_,1) }
+              0..$#{$$grammar{RULES}} ];
+}
+
+sub _Transitions {
+    my($grammar,$cores,$closures,$states,$stateno)=@_;
+    my($core)=$$states[$stateno]{'CORE'};
+    my(%transitions);
+
+    for (@{_Closures($grammar,$core,$closures)}) {
+        my($ruleno,$pos)=@$_;
+        my($rhs)=$$grammar{RULES}[$ruleno][1];
+
+            $pos == @$rhs
+        and do {
+            push(@{$$states[$stateno]{ACTIONS}{''}},$ruleno);
+            next;
+        };
+        push(@{$transitions{$$rhs[$pos]}},[ $ruleno, $pos+1 ]);
+    }
+
+    for (keys(%transitions)) {
+        my($symbol,$core)=($_,$transitions{$_});
+        my($corekey)=join(',',map  { join('.',@$_) }
+                              sort {    $$a[0] <=> $$b[0]
+                                    or  $$a[1] <=> $$b[1] }
+                              @$core);
+        my($tostateno);
+
+            exists($cores->{$corekey})
+        or  do {
+            push(@$states,{ 'CORE' => $core });
+            $cores->{$corekey}=$#$states;
+        };
+
+        $tostateno=$cores->{$corekey};
+        push(@{$$states[$tostateno]{FROM}},$stateno);
+
+			exists($$grammar{TERM}{$_})
+		and	do {
+            $$states[$stateno]{ACTIONS}{$_} = [ $tostateno ];
+			next;
+		};
+        $$states[$stateno]{GOTOS}{$_} = $tostateno;
+    }
+}
+
+sub _LR0 {
+	my($grammar)=@_;
+	my($states) = [];
+    my($stateno);
+    my($closures);  #$closures={ nterm => ruleset,... }
+	my($cores)={};  # { "itemlist" => stateno, ... }
+					# where "itemlist" has the form:
+					# "ruleno.pos,ruleno.pos" ordered by ruleno,pos
+
+    $closures = _SetClosures($grammar);
+    push(@$states,{ 'CORE' => [ [ 0, 0 ] ] });
+    for($stateno=0;$stateno<@$states;++$stateno) {
+        _Transitions($grammar,$cores,$closures,$states,$stateno);
+    }
+
+	$states
+}
+
+#########################################################
+# Add Lookahead tokens where needed to make LALR states #
+#########################################################
+=for nobody
+    Compute First sets for non-terminal using the following formula:
+
+    FIRST(A) =      { a in T u { epsilon } | A l a }
+                u
+                U   { FIRST(B) | B in V and A l B }
+
+    where:
+
+    A l x iff [ A -> X1 X2 .. Xn x alpha ] in P and Xi =>* epsilon, 1 <= i <= n
+=cut
+sub _SetFirst {
+	my($grammar,$termlst,$terminx)=@_;
+    my($rel,$first)=( {}, {} );
+
+    for my $symbol (keys(%{$$grammar{NTERM}})) {
+        $first->{$symbol}=pack('b'.@$termlst);
+
+        RULE:
+        for my $ruleno (@{$$grammar{NTERM}{$symbol}}) {
+            my($rhs)=$$grammar{RULES}[$ruleno][1];
+
+            for (@$rhs) {
+                    exists($terminx->{$_})
+                and do {
+                    vec($first->{$symbol},$terminx->{$_},1)=1;
+                    next RULE;
+                };
+                ++$rel->{$symbol}{$_};
+                    exists($$grammar{NULLABLE}{$_})
+                or  next RULE;
+            }
+            vec($first->{$symbol},0,1)=1;
+        }
+    }
+    _Digraph($rel,$first);
+
+	$first
+}
+
+sub _Preds {
+    my($states,$stateno,$len)=@_;
+    my($queue, $preds);
+
+        $len
+    or  return [ $stateno ];
+
+    $queue=[ [ $stateno, $len ] ];
+    while(@$queue) {
+        my($pred) = shift(@$queue);
+        my($stateno, $len) = @$pred;
+
+            $len == 1
+        and do {
+			push(@$preds,@{$states->[$stateno]{FROM}});
+            next;
+        };
+
+        push(@$queue, map { [ $_, $len - 1 ] }
+					  @{$states->[$stateno]{FROM}});
+    }
+
+    # Pass @$preds through a hash to ensure unicity
+    [ keys( %{ +{ map { ($_,1) } @$preds } } ) ];
+}
+
+sub _FirstSfx {
+    my($grammar,$firstset,$termlst,$terminx,$ruleno,$pos,$key)=@_;
+    my($first)=pack('b'.@$termlst);
+    my($rhs)=$$grammar{RULES}[$ruleno][1];
+
+    for (;$pos < @$rhs;++$pos) {
+            exists($terminx->{$$rhs[$pos]})
+        and do {
+            vec($first,$terminx->{$$rhs[$pos]},1)=1;
+            return($first);
+        };
+        $first|=$firstset->{$$rhs[$pos]};
+
+            vec($first,0,1)
+        and vec($first,0,1)=0;
+
+            exists($$grammar{NULLABLE}{$$rhs[$pos]})
+        or  return($first);
+
+    }
+    vec($first,0,1)=1;
+    $first;
+}
+
+=for noboby
+    Compute Follow sets using following formula:
+
+    FOLLOW(p,A) =       READ(p,A)
+                    u
+                    U   { FOLLOW(q,B) | (p,A) include (q,B)
+
+    where:
+ 
+    READ(p,A) = U { FIRST(beta) | [ A -> alpha A . beta ] in KERNEL(GOTO(p,A))
+                  } - { epsilon }
+
+    (p,a) include (q,B) iff [ B -> alpha A . beta ] in KERNEL(GOTO(p,A),
+                            epsilon in FIRST(beta) and
+                            q in PRED(p,alpha)
+=cut
+sub _ComputeFollows {
+	my($grammar,$states,$termlst)=@_;
+	my($firstset,$terminx);
+	my($inconsistent, $rel, $follows, $sfx)= ( {}, {}, {}, {} );
+
+    %$terminx= map { ($termlst->[$_],$_) } 0..$#$termlst;
+
+    $firstset=_SetFirst($grammar,$termlst,$terminx);
+
+    for my $stateno (0..$#$states) {
+		my($state)=$$states[$stateno];
+
+           	exists($$state{ACTIONS}{''})
+        and (   @{$$state{ACTIONS}{''}} > 1
+             or keys(%{$$state{ACTIONS}}) > 1 )
+		and do {
+			++$inconsistent->{$stateno};
+
+			for my $ruleno (@{$$state{ACTIONS}{''}}) {
+				my($lhs,$rhs)=@{$$grammar{RULES}[$ruleno]}[0,1];
+
+                for my $predno (@{_Preds($states,$stateno,scalar(@$rhs))}) {
+                    ++$rel->{"$stateno.$ruleno"}{"$predno.$lhs"};
+                }
+			}
+		};
+
+    		exists($$state{GOTOS})
+		or	next;
+
+        for my $symbol (keys(%{$$state{GOTOS}})) {
+            my($tostate)=$$states[$$state{GOTOS}{$symbol}];
+            my($goto)="$stateno.$symbol";
+
+            $follows->{$goto}=pack('b'.@$termlst);
+
+            for my $item (@{$$tostate{'CORE'}}) {
+                my($ruleno,$pos)=@$item;
+				my($key)="$ruleno.$pos";
+
+					exists($sfx->{$key})
+				or	$sfx->{$key} = _FirstSfx($grammar,$firstset,
+											 $termlst,$terminx,
+											 $ruleno,$pos,$key);
+
+                $follows->{$goto}|=$sfx->{$key};
+
+                    vec($follows->{$goto},0,1)
+                and do {
+                    my($lhs)=$$grammar{RULES}[$ruleno][0];
+
+                    vec($follows->{$goto},0,1)=0;
+
+                    for my $predno (@{_Preds($states,$stateno,$pos-1)}) {
+                        ++$rel->{$goto}{"$predno.$lhs"};
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    _Digraph($rel,$follows);
+
+	($follows,$inconsistent)
+}
+
+sub _ComputeLA {
+	my($grammar,$states)=@_;
+	my($termlst)= [ '',keys(%{$$grammar{TERM}}) ];
+
+    my($follows,$inconsistent) = _ComputeFollows($grammar,$states,$termlst);
+
+    for my $stateno ( keys(%$inconsistent ) ) {
+        my($state)=$$states[$stateno];
+        my($conflict);
+
+        #NB the sort is VERY important for conflicts resolution order
+        for my $ruleno (sort { $a <=> $b }
+                        @{$$state{ACTIONS}{''}}) {
+            for my $term ( map { $termlst->[$_] } grep {
+                           vec($follows->{"$stateno.$ruleno"},$_,1) }
+                           0..$#$termlst) {
+                    exists($$state{ACTIONS}{$term})
+                and ++$conflict;
+                push(@{$$state{ACTIONS}{$term}},-$ruleno);
+            }
+        }
+        delete($$state{ACTIONS}{''});
+            $conflict
+        or  delete($inconsistent->{$stateno});
+    }
+
+	$inconsistent
+}
+
+#############################
+# Solve remaining conflicts #
+#############################
+
+sub _SolveConflicts {
+	my($grammar,$states,$inconsistent)=@_;
+    my(%rulesprec,$RulePrec);
+    my($conflicts)={    SOLVED  =>  {},
+                    	FORCED  =>  {   TOTAL   =>  [ 0, 0 ],
+                                    	DETAIL  =>  {}
+                                 	}
+                };
+
+    $RulePrec = sub {
+        my($ruleno)=@_;
+        my($rhs,$rprec)=@{$$grammar{RULES}[$ruleno]}[1,2];
+        my($lastterm);
+
+            defined($rprec)
+        and return($rprec);
+
+            exists($rulesprec{$ruleno})
+        and return($rulesprec{$ruleno});
+
+        $lastterm=(grep { exists($$grammar{TERM}{$_}) } @$rhs)[-1];
+
+            defined($lastterm)
+        and ref($$grammar{TERM}{$lastterm})
+        and do {
+            $rulesprec{$ruleno}=$$grammar{TERM}{$lastterm}[1];
+            return($rulesprec{$ruleno});
+        };
+
+        undef;
+    };
+
+    for my $stateno (keys(%$inconsistent)) {
+        my($state)=$$states[$stateno];
+        my($actions)=$$state{ACTIONS};
+        my($nbsr,$nbrr);
+
+        for my $term ( keys(%$actions) ) {
+            my($act)=$$actions{$term};
+
+                @$act > 1
+            or  next;
+
+                $$act[0] > 0
+            and ref($$grammar{TERM}{$term})
+            and do {
+                my($assoc,$tprec)=@{$$grammar{TERM}{$term}};
+                my($k,$error);
+
+                for ($k=1;$k<@$act;++$k) {
+                    my($ruleno)=-$$act[$k];
+                    my($rprec)=&$RulePrec($ruleno);
+
+                        defined($rprec)
+                    or  next;
+
+                        (     $tprec > $rprec
+                         or ( $tprec == $rprec and $assoc eq 'RIGHT'))
+                    and do {
+                        push(@{$$conflicts{SOLVED}{$stateno}},
+                             [ $ruleno, $term, 'shift' ]);
+                        splice(@$act,$k--,1);
+                        next;
+                    };
+                        (   $tprec < $rprec
+                         or $assoc eq 'LEFT')
+                    and do {
+                        push(@{$$conflicts{SOLVED}{$stateno}},
+                             [ $ruleno, $term, 'reduce' ]);
+                            $$act[0] > 0
+                        and do {
+                            splice(@$act,0,1);
+                            --$k;
+                        };
+                        next;
+                    };
+                    push(@{$$conflicts{SOLVED}{$stateno}},
+                         [ $ruleno, $term, 'error' ]);
+                    splice(@$act,$k--,1);
+                        $$act[0] > 0
+                    and do {
+                        splice(@$act,0,1);
+                        ++$error;
+                        --$k;
+                    };
+                }
+                    $error
+                and unshift(@$act,undef);
+            };
+
+                @$act > 1
+            and do {
+                $nbrr += @$act - 2;
+                ($$act[0] > 0 ? $nbsr : $nbrr) += 1;
+                push(@{$$conflicts{FORCED}{DETAIL}{$stateno}{LIST}},
+                    map { [ $term, $_ ] } splice(@$act,1));
+            };
+        }
+
+            $nbsr
+        and do {
+            $$conflicts{FORCED}{TOTAL}[0]+=$nbsr;
+            $$conflicts{FORCED}{DETAIL}{$stateno}{TOTAL}[0]+=$nbsr;
+        };
+
+            $nbrr
+        and do {
+            $$conflicts{FORCED}{TOTAL}[1]+=$nbrr;
+            $$conflicts{FORCED}{DETAIL}{$stateno}{TOTAL}[1]+=$nbrr;
+        };
+
+    }
+
+	$conflicts
+}
+
+###############################
+# Make default reduce actions #
+###############################
+sub _SetDefaults {
+	my($states)=@_;
+
+    for my $state (@$states) {
+        my($actions)=$$state{ACTIONS};
+        my(%reduces,$default,$nodefault);
+
+            exists($$actions{''})
+        and do {
+            $$actions{''}[0] = -$$actions{''}[0];
+			++$nodefault;
+        };
+
+		#shift error token => no default
+            exists($$actions{error})
+        and $$actions{error}[0] > 0
+        and ++$nodefault;
+
+        for my $term (keys(%$actions)) {
+
+			$$actions{$term}=$$actions{$term}[0];
+
+                (   not defined($$actions{$term})
+                 or $$actions{$term} > 0
+                 or $nodefault)
+            and next;
+
+            push(@{$reduces{$$actions{$term}}},$term);
+        }
+
+			keys(%reduces) > 0
+		or	next;
+
+        $default=( map { $$_[0] }
+                   sort { $$b[1] <=> $$a[1] or $$b[0] <=> $$a[0] }
+                   map { [ $_, scalar(@{$reduces{$_}}) ] }
+                   keys(%reduces))[0];
+
+        delete(@$actions{ @{$reduces{$default}} });
+        $$state{ACTIONS}{''}=$default;
+    }
+}
+
+sub _LALR {
+	my($grammar,$states) = @_;
+	my($conflicts,$inconsistent);
+
+    $inconsistent = _ComputeLA($grammar,$states);
+
+    $conflicts = _SolveConflicts($grammar,$states,$inconsistent);
+    _SetDefaults($states);
+
+	$conflicts
+}
+
+
+1;