.. highlightlang:: c

.. _concrete:

**********************

Concrete Objects Layer

**********************

The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object types.

Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea; if you receive an

object from a Python program and you are not sure that it has the right type,

you must perform a type check first; for example, to check that an object is a

dictionary, use :cfunc:`PyDict_Check`.  The chapter is structured like the

"family tree" of Python object types.

.. warning::

   While the functions described in this chapter carefully check the type of the

   objects which are passed in, many of them do not check for *NULL* being passed

   instead of a valid object.  Allowing *NULL* to be passed in can cause memory

   access violations and immediate termination of the interpreter.

.. _fundamental:

Fundamental Objects

===================

This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object ``None``.

.. toctree::

   type.rst

   none.rst

.. _numericobjects:

Numeric Objects

===============

.. index:: object: numeric

.. toctree::

   int.rst

   bool.rst

   long.rst

   float.rst

   complex.rst

.. _sequenceobjects:

Sequence Objects

================

.. index:: object: sequence

Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous chapter;

this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence objects that are

intrinsic to the Python language.

.. toctree::

   bytearray.rst

   string.rst

   unicode.rst

   buffer.rst

   tuple.rst

   list.rst

.. _mapobjects:

Mapping Objects

===============

.. index:: object: mapping

.. toctree::

   dict.rst

.. _otherobjects:

Other Objects

=============

.. toctree::

   class.rst

   function.rst

   method.rst

   file.rst

   module.rst

   iterator.rst

   descriptor.rst

   slice.rst

   weakref.rst

   cobject.rst

   cell.rst

   gen.rst

   datetime.rst

   set.rst