symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12/python-2.6.1/Doc/c-api/dict.rst
author andy simpson <andrews@symbian.org>
Fri, 08 Oct 2010 16:52:59 +0100
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permissions -rw-r--r--
work-a-round for Bug 3645 change ARGB->XRGB pixel format
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.. highlightlang:: c
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.. _dictobjects:
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Dictionary Objects
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------------------
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.. index:: object: dictionary
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.. ctype:: PyDictObject
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   This subtype of :ctype:`PyObject` represents a Python dictionary object.
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.. cvar:: PyTypeObject PyDict_Type
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   .. index::
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      single: DictType (in module types)
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      single: DictionaryType (in module types)
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   This instance of :ctype:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python dictionary type.
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   This is exposed to Python programs as ``dict`` and ``types.DictType``.
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.. cfunction:: int PyDict_Check(PyObject *p)
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   Return true if *p* is a dict object or an instance of a subtype of the dict
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   type.
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   .. versionchanged:: 2.2
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      Allowed subtypes to be accepted.
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.. cfunction:: int PyDict_CheckExact(PyObject *p)
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   Return true if *p* is a dict object, but not an instance of a subtype of the
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   dict type.
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   .. versionadded:: 2.4
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.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyDict_New()
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   Return a new empty dictionary, or *NULL* on failure.
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.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyDictProxy_New(PyObject *dict)
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   Return a proxy object for a mapping which enforces read-only behavior.  This is
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   normally used to create a proxy to prevent modification of the dictionary for
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   non-dynamic class types.
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   .. versionadded:: 2.2
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.. cfunction:: void PyDict_Clear(PyObject *p)
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   Empty an existing dictionary of all key-value pairs.
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.. cfunction:: int PyDict_Contains(PyObject *p, PyObject *key)
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   Determine if dictionary *p* contains *key*.  If an item in *p* is matches *key*,
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   return ``1``, otherwise return ``0``.  On error, return ``-1``.  This is
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   equivalent to the Python expression ``key in p``.
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   .. versionadded:: 2.4
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.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyDict_Copy(PyObject *p)
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   Return a new dictionary that contains the same key-value pairs as *p*.
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   .. versionadded:: 1.6
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.. cfunction:: int PyDict_SetItem(PyObject *p, PyObject *key, PyObject *val)
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   Insert *value* into the dictionary *p* with a key of *key*.  *key* must be
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   :term:`hashable`; if it isn't, :exc:`TypeError` will be raised. Return ``0``
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   on success or ``-1`` on failure.
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.. cfunction:: int PyDict_SetItemString(PyObject *p, const char *key, PyObject *val)
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   .. index:: single: PyString_FromString()
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   Insert *value* into the dictionary *p* using *key* as a key. *key* should be a
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   :ctype:`char\*`.  The key object is created using ``PyString_FromString(key)``.
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   Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` on failure.
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.. cfunction:: int PyDict_DelItem(PyObject *p, PyObject *key)
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   Remove the entry in dictionary *p* with key *key*. *key* must be hashable; if it
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   isn't, :exc:`TypeError` is raised.  Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` on
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   failure.
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.. cfunction:: int PyDict_DelItemString(PyObject *p, char *key)
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   Remove the entry in dictionary *p* which has a key specified by the string
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   *key*.  Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` on failure.
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.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyDict_GetItem(PyObject *p, PyObject *key)
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   Return the object from dictionary *p* which has a key *key*.  Return *NULL* if
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   the key *key* is not present, but *without* setting an exception.
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.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyDict_GetItemString(PyObject *p, const char *key)
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   This is the same as :cfunc:`PyDict_GetItem`, but *key* is specified as a
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   :ctype:`char\*`, rather than a :ctype:`PyObject\*`.
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.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyDict_Items(PyObject *p)
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   Return a :ctype:`PyListObject` containing all the items from the dictionary, as
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   in the dictionary method :meth:`dict.items`.
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.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyDict_Keys(PyObject *p)
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   Return a :ctype:`PyListObject` containing all the keys from the dictionary, as
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   in the dictionary method :meth:`dict.keys`.
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.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyDict_Values(PyObject *p)
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   Return a :ctype:`PyListObject` containing all the values from the dictionary
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   *p*, as in the dictionary method :meth:`dict.values`.
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.. cfunction:: Py_ssize_t PyDict_Size(PyObject *p)
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   .. index:: builtin: len
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   Return the number of items in the dictionary.  This is equivalent to ``len(p)``
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   on a dictionary.
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.. cfunction:: int PyDict_Next(PyObject *p, Py_ssize_t *ppos, PyObject **pkey, PyObject **pvalue)
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   Iterate over all key-value pairs in the dictionary *p*.  The :ctype:`int`
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   referred to by *ppos* must be initialized to ``0`` prior to the first call to
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   this function to start the iteration; the function returns true for each pair in
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   the dictionary, and false once all pairs have been reported.  The parameters
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   *pkey* and *pvalue* should either point to :ctype:`PyObject\*` variables that
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   will be filled in with each key and value, respectively, or may be *NULL*.  Any
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   references returned through them are borrowed.  *ppos* should not be altered
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   during iteration. Its value represents offsets within the internal dictionary
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   structure, and since the structure is sparse, the offsets are not consecutive.
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   For example::
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      PyObject *key, *value;
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      Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
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      while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {
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          /* do something interesting with the values... */
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          ...
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      }
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   The dictionary *p* should not be mutated during iteration.  It is safe (since
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   Python 2.1) to modify the values of the keys as you iterate over the dictionary,
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   but only so long as the set of keys does not change.  For example::
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      PyObject *key, *value;
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      Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
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      while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {
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          int i = PyInt_AS_LONG(value) + 1;
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          PyObject *o = PyInt_FromLong(i);
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          if (o == NULL)
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              return -1;
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          if (PyDict_SetItem(self->dict, key, o) < 0) {
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              Py_DECREF(o);
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              return -1;
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          }
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          Py_DECREF(o);
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      }
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.. cfunction:: int PyDict_Merge(PyObject *a, PyObject *b, int override)
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   Iterate over mapping object *b* adding key-value pairs to dictionary *a*. *b*
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   may be a dictionary, or any object supporting :func:`PyMapping_Keys` and
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   :func:`PyObject_GetItem`. If *override* is true, existing pairs in *a* will be
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   replaced if a matching key is found in *b*, otherwise pairs will only be added
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   if there is not a matching key in *a*. Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` if an
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   exception was raised.
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   .. versionadded:: 2.2
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.. cfunction:: int PyDict_Update(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
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   This is the same as ``PyDict_Merge(a, b, 1)`` in C, or ``a.update(b)`` in
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   Python.  Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` if an exception was raised.
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   .. versionadded:: 2.2
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.. cfunction:: int PyDict_MergeFromSeq2(PyObject *a, PyObject *seq2, int override)
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   Update or merge into dictionary *a*, from the key-value pairs in *seq2*.  *seq2*
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   must be an iterable object producing iterable objects of length 2, viewed as
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   key-value pairs.  In case of duplicate keys, the last wins if *override* is
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   true, else the first wins. Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` if an exception was
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   raised. Equivalent Python (except for the return value)::
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      def PyDict_MergeFromSeq2(a, seq2, override):
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          for key, value in seq2:
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              if override or key not in a:
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                  a[key] = value
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   .. versionadded:: 2.2