.. highlightlang:: c

.. _longobjects:

Long Integer Objects

--------------------

.. index:: object: long integer

.. ctype:: PyLongObject

   This subtype of :ctype:`PyObject` represents a Python long integer object.

.. cvar:: PyTypeObject PyLong_Type

   .. index:: single: LongType (in modules types)

   This instance of :ctype:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python long integer type.

   This is the same object as ``long`` and ``types.LongType``.

.. cfunction:: int PyLong_Check(PyObject *p)

   Return true if its argument is a :ctype:`PyLongObject` or a subtype of

   :ctype:`PyLongObject`.

   .. versionchanged:: 2.2

      Allowed subtypes to be accepted.

.. cfunction:: int PyLong_CheckExact(PyObject *p)

   Return true if its argument is a :ctype:`PyLongObject`, but not a subtype of

   :ctype:`PyLongObject`.

   .. versionadded:: 2.2

.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromLong(long v)

   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` object from *v*, or *NULL* on failure.

.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(unsigned long v)

   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` object from a C :ctype:`unsigned long`, or

   *NULL* on failure.

.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromSsize_t(Py_ssize_t v)

   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` object from a C :ctype:`Py_ssize_t`, or

   *NULL* on failure.

   .. versionadded:: 2.5

.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromSize_t(size_t v)

   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` object from a C :ctype:`size_t`, or

   *NULL* on failure.

   .. versionadded:: 2.5

.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromLongLong(PY_LONG_LONG v)

   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` object from a C :ctype:`long long`, or *NULL*

   on failure.

.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG v)

   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` object from a C :ctype:`unsigned long long`,

   or *NULL* on failure.

.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromDouble(double v)

   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` object from the integer part of *v*, or

   *NULL* on failure.

.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromString(char *str, char **pend, int base)

   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` based on the string value in *str*, which is

   interpreted according to the radix in *base*.  If *pend* is non-*NULL*,

   ``*pend`` will point to the first character in *str* which follows the

   representation of the number.  If *base* is ``0``, the radix will be determined

   based on the leading characters of *str*: if *str* starts with ``'0x'`` or

   ``'0X'``, radix 16 will be used; if *str* starts with ``'0'``, radix 8 will be

   used; otherwise radix 10 will be used.  If *base* is not ``0``, it must be

   between ``2`` and ``36``, inclusive.  Leading spaces are ignored.  If there are

   no digits, :exc:`ValueError` will be raised.

.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromUnicode(Py_UNICODE *u, Py_ssize_t length, int base)

   Convert a sequence of Unicode digits to a Python long integer value.  The first

   parameter, *u*, points to the first character of the Unicode string, *length*

   gives the number of characters, and *base* is the radix for the conversion.  The

   radix must be in the range [2, 36]; if it is out of range, :exc:`ValueError`

   will be raised.

   .. versionadded:: 1.6

.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromVoidPtr(void *p)

   Create a Python integer or long integer from the pointer *p*. The pointer value

   can be retrieved from the resulting value using :cfunc:`PyLong_AsVoidPtr`.

   .. versionadded:: 1.5.2

   .. versionchanged:: 2.5

      If the integer is larger than LONG_MAX, a positive long integer is returned.

.. cfunction:: long PyLong_AsLong(PyObject *pylong)

   .. index::

      single: LONG_MAX

      single: OverflowError (built-in exception)

   Return a C :ctype:`long` representation of the contents of *pylong*.  If

   *pylong* is greater than :const:`LONG_MAX`, an :exc:`OverflowError` is raised

   and ``-1`` will be returned. 

.. cfunction:: Py_ssize_t PyLong_AsSsize_t(PyObject *pylong)

   .. index::

      single: PY_SSIZE_T_MAX

      single: OverflowError (built-in exception)

   Return a C :ctype:`Py_ssize_t` representation of the contents of *pylong*.  If

   *pylong* is greater than :const:`PY_SSIZE_T_MAX`, an :exc:`OverflowError` is raised

   and ``-1`` will be returned.

   .. versionadded:: 2.5

.. cfunction:: unsigned long PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(PyObject *pylong)

   .. index::

      single: ULONG_MAX

      single: OverflowError (built-in exception)

   Return a C :ctype:`unsigned long` representation of the contents of *pylong*.

   If *pylong* is greater than :const:`ULONG_MAX`, an :exc:`OverflowError` is

   raised.

.. cfunction:: PY_LONG_LONG PyLong_AsLongLong(PyObject *pylong)

   Return a C :ctype:`long long` from a Python long integer.  If *pylong* cannot be

   represented as a :ctype:`long long`, an :exc:`OverflowError` will be raised.

   .. versionadded:: 2.2

.. cfunction:: unsigned PY_LONG_LONG PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(PyObject *pylong)

   Return a C :ctype:`unsigned long long` from a Python long integer. If *pylong*

   cannot be represented as an :ctype:`unsigned long long`, an :exc:`OverflowError`

   will be raised if the value is positive, or a :exc:`TypeError` will be raised if

   the value is negative.

   .. versionadded:: 2.2

.. cfunction:: unsigned long PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(PyObject *io)

   Return a C :ctype:`unsigned long` from a Python long integer, without checking

   for overflow.

   .. versionadded:: 2.3

.. cfunction:: unsigned PY_LONG_LONG PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask(PyObject *io)

   Return a C :ctype:`unsigned long long` from a Python long integer, without

   checking for overflow.

   .. versionadded:: 2.3

.. cfunction:: double PyLong_AsDouble(PyObject *pylong)

   Return a C :ctype:`double` representation of the contents of *pylong*.  If

   *pylong* cannot be approximately represented as a :ctype:`double`, an

   :exc:`OverflowError` exception is raised and ``-1.0`` will be returned.

.. cfunction:: void* PyLong_AsVoidPtr(PyObject *pylong)

   Convert a Python integer or long integer *pylong* to a C :ctype:`void` pointer.

   If *pylong* cannot be converted, an :exc:`OverflowError` will be raised.  This

   is only assured to produce a usable :ctype:`void` pointer for values created

   with :cfunc:`PyLong_FromVoidPtr`.

   .. versionadded:: 1.5.2

   .. versionchanged:: 2.5

      For values outside 0..LONG_MAX, both signed and unsigned integers are accepted.