author | johnathan.white@2718R8BGH51.accenture.com |
Mon, 08 Mar 2010 18:45:03 +0000 | |
changeset 46 | b6935a90ca64 |
parent 1 | 2fb8b9db1c86 |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
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:mod:`resource` --- Resource usage information |
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============================================== |
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.. module:: resource |
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:platform: Unix |
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:synopsis: An interface to provide resource usage information on the current process. |
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.. moduleauthor:: Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu> |
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.. sectionauthor:: Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu> |
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This module provides basic mechanisms for measuring and controlling system |
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resources utilized by a program. |
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Symbolic constants are used to specify particular system resources and to |
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request usage information about either the current process or its children. |
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A single exception is defined for errors: |
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.. exception:: error |
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The functions described below may raise this error if the underlying system call |
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failures unexpectedly. |
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Resource Limits |
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--------------- |
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Resources usage can be limited using the :func:`setrlimit` function described |
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below. Each resource is controlled by a pair of limits: a soft limit and a hard |
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limit. The soft limit is the current limit, and may be lowered or raised by a |
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process over time. The soft limit can never exceed the hard limit. The hard |
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limit can be lowered to any value greater than the soft limit, but not raised. |
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(Only processes with the effective UID of the super-user can raise a hard |
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limit.) |
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The specific resources that can be limited are system dependent. They are |
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described in the :manpage:`getrlimit(2)` man page. The resources listed below |
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are supported when the underlying operating system supports them; resources |
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which cannot be checked or controlled by the operating system are not defined in |
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this module for those platforms. |
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.. function:: getrlimit(resource) |
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Returns a tuple ``(soft, hard)`` with the current soft and hard limits of |
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*resource*. Raises :exc:`ValueError` if an invalid resource is specified, or |
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:exc:`error` if the underlying system call fails unexpectedly. |
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.. function:: setrlimit(resource, limits) |
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Sets new limits of consumption of *resource*. The *limits* argument must be a |
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tuple ``(soft, hard)`` of two integers describing the new limits. A value of |
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``-1`` can be used to specify the maximum possible upper limit. |
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Raises :exc:`ValueError` if an invalid resource is specified, if the new soft |
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limit exceeds the hard limit, or if a process tries to raise its hard limit |
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(unless the process has an effective UID of super-user). Can also raise |
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:exc:`error` if the underlying system call fails. |
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These symbols define resources whose consumption can be controlled using the |
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:func:`setrlimit` and :func:`getrlimit` functions described below. The values of |
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these symbols are exactly the constants used by C programs. |
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The Unix man page for :manpage:`getrlimit(2)` lists the available resources. |
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Note that not all systems use the same symbol or same value to denote the same |
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resource. This module does not attempt to mask platform differences --- symbols |
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not defined for a platform will not be available from this module on that |
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platform. |
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.. data:: RLIMIT_CORE |
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The maximum size (in bytes) of a core file that the current process can create. |
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This may result in the creation of a partial core file if a larger core would be |
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required to contain the entire process image. |
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.. data:: RLIMIT_CPU |
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The maximum amount of processor time (in seconds) that a process can use. If |
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this limit is exceeded, a :const:`SIGXCPU` signal is sent to the process. (See |
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the :mod:`signal` module documentation for information about how to catch this |
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signal and do something useful, e.g. flush open files to disk.) |
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.. data:: RLIMIT_FSIZE |
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The maximum size of a file which the process may create. This only affects the |
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stack of the main thread in a multi-threaded process. |
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.. data:: RLIMIT_DATA |
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The maximum size (in bytes) of the process's heap. |
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.. data:: RLIMIT_STACK |
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The maximum size (in bytes) of the call stack for the current process. |
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.. data:: RLIMIT_RSS |
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The maximum resident set size that should be made available to the process. |
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|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
109 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
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|
110 |
.. data:: RLIMIT_NPROC |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
111 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
112 |
The maximum number of processes the current process may create. |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
113 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
114 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
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|
115 |
.. data:: RLIMIT_NOFILE |
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|
116 |
|
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|
117 |
The maximum number of open file descriptors for the current process. |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
118 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
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|
119 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
120 |
.. data:: RLIMIT_OFILE |
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|
121 |
|
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|
122 |
The BSD name for :const:`RLIMIT_NOFILE`. |
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parents:
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|
123 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
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|
124 |
|
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|
125 |
.. data:: RLIMIT_MEMLOCK |
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|
126 |
|
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|
127 |
The maximum address space which may be locked in memory. |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
128 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
129 |
|
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|
130 |
.. data:: RLIMIT_VMEM |
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|
131 |
|
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132 |
The largest area of mapped memory which the process may occupy. |
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|
133 |
|
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|
134 |
|
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|
135 |
.. data:: RLIMIT_AS |
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|
136 |
|
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|
137 |
The maximum area (in bytes) of address space which may be taken by the process. |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
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|
138 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
139 |
|
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|
140 |
Resource Usage |
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|
141 |
-------------- |
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|
142 |
|
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|
143 |
These functions are used to retrieve resource usage information: |
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|
144 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
145 |
|
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|
146 |
.. function:: getrusage(who) |
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|
147 |
|
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|
148 |
This function returns an object that describes the resources consumed by either |
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|
149 |
the current process or its children, as specified by the *who* parameter. The |
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|
150 |
*who* parameter should be specified using one of the :const:`RUSAGE_\*` |
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|
151 |
constants described below. |
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|
152 |
|
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|
153 |
The fields of the return value each describe how a particular system resource |
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|
154 |
has been used, e.g. amount of time spent running is user mode or number of times |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
155 |
the process was swapped out of main memory. Some values are dependent on the |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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diff
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|
156 |
clock tick internal, e.g. the amount of memory the process is using. |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
157 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
158 |
For backward compatibility, the return value is also accessible as a tuple of 16 |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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diff
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|
159 |
elements. |
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parents:
diff
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|
160 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
161 |
The fields :attr:`ru_utime` and :attr:`ru_stime` of the return value are |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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diff
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|
162 |
floating point values representing the amount of time spent executing in user |
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diff
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|
163 |
mode and the amount of time spent executing in system mode, respectively. The |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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diff
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|
164 |
remaining values are integers. Consult the :manpage:`getrusage(2)` man page for |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
165 |
detailed information about these values. A brief summary is presented here: |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
166 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
167 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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|
168 |
| Index | Field | Resource | |
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|
169 |
+========+=====================+===============================+ |
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|
170 |
| ``0`` | :attr:`ru_utime` | time in user mode (float) | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
171 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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|
172 |
| ``1`` | :attr:`ru_stime` | time in system mode (float) | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
173 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
174 |
| ``2`` | :attr:`ru_maxrss` | maximum resident set size | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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diff
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|
175 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
176 |
| ``3`` | :attr:`ru_ixrss` | shared memory size | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
177 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
178 |
| ``4`` | :attr:`ru_idrss` | unshared memory size | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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diff
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|
179 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
180 |
| ``5`` | :attr:`ru_isrss` | unshared stack size | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
181 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
182 |
| ``6`` | :attr:`ru_minflt` | page faults not requiring I/O | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
183 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
184 |
| ``7`` | :attr:`ru_majflt` | page faults requiring I/O | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
185 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
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|
186 |
| ``8`` | :attr:`ru_nswap` | number of swap outs | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
187 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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diff
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|
188 |
| ``9`` | :attr:`ru_inblock` | block input operations | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
189 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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diff
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|
190 |
| ``10`` | :attr:`ru_oublock` | block output operations | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
191 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
192 |
| ``11`` | :attr:`ru_msgsnd` | messages sent | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
193 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
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|
194 |
| ``12`` | :attr:`ru_msgrcv` | messages received | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
195 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
196 |
| ``13`` | :attr:`ru_nsignals` | signals received | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
197 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
198 |
| ``14`` | :attr:`ru_nvcsw` | voluntary context switches | |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
199 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
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|
200 |
| ``15`` | :attr:`ru_nivcsw` | involuntary context switches | |
2fb8b9db1c86
Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
201 |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------+ |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
202 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
203 |
This function will raise a :exc:`ValueError` if an invalid *who* parameter is |
2fb8b9db1c86
Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
204 |
specified. It may also raise :exc:`error` exception in unusual circumstances. |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
205 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
206 |
.. versionchanged:: 2.3 |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
207 |
Added access to values as attributes of the returned object. |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
208 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
209 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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diff
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|
210 |
.. function:: getpagesize() |
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
211 |
|
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Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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|
212 |
Returns the number of bytes in a system page. (This need not be the same as the |
2fb8b9db1c86
Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
213 |
hardware page size.) This function is useful for determining the number of bytes |
2fb8b9db1c86
Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
214 |
of memory a process is using. The third element of the tuple returned by |
2fb8b9db1c86
Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
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|
215 |
:func:`getrusage` describes memory usage in pages; multiplying by page size |
2fb8b9db1c86
Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
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parents:
diff
changeset
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216 |
produces number of bytes. |
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The following :const:`RUSAGE_\*` symbols are passed to the :func:`getrusage` |
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function to specify which processes information should be provided for. |
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.. data:: RUSAGE_SELF |
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223 |
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:const:`RUSAGE_SELF` should be used to request information pertaining only to |
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the process itself. |
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226 |
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227 |
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.. data:: RUSAGE_CHILDREN |
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229 |
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Pass to :func:`getrusage` to request resource information for child processes of |
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the calling process. |
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.. data:: RUSAGE_BOTH |
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Pass to :func:`getrusage` to request resources consumed by both the current |
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process and child processes. May not be available on all systems. |
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238 |