:mod:`plistlib` --- Generate and parse Mac OS X ``.plist`` files
================================================================

.. module:: plistlib
   :synopsis: Generate and parse Mac OS X plist files.
.. moduleauthor:: Jack Jansen
.. sectionauthor:: Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
.. (harvested from docstrings in the original file)

.. versionchanged:: 2.6
   This module was previously only available in the Mac-specific library, it is
   now available for all platforms.

.. index::
   pair: plist; file
   single: property list

This module provides an interface for reading and writing the "property list"
XML files used mainly by Mac OS X.

The property list (``.plist``) file format is a simple XML pickle supporting
basic object types, like dictionaries, lists, numbers and strings.  Usually the
top level object is a dictionary.

Values can be strings, integers, floats, booleans, tuples, lists, dictionaries
(but only with string keys), :class:`Data` or :class:`datetime.datetime`
objects.  String values (including dictionary keys) may be unicode strings --
they will be written out as UTF-8.

The ``<data>`` plist type is supported through the :class:`Data` class.  This is
a thin wrapper around a Python string.  Use :class:`Data` if your strings
contain control characters.

.. seealso::

   `PList manual page <http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man5/plist.5.html>`
      Apple's documentation of the file format.


This module defines the following functions:

.. function:: readPlist(pathOrFile)

   Read a plist file. *pathOrFile* may either be a file name or a (readable)
   file object.  Return the unpacked root object (which usually is a
   dictionary).

   The XML data is parsed using the Expat parser from :mod:`xml.parsers.expat`
   -- see its documentation for possible exceptions on ill-formed XML.
   Unknown elements will simply be ignored by the plist parser.


.. function:: writePlist(rootObject, pathOrFile)

    Write *rootObject* to a plist file. *pathOrFile* may either be a file name
    or a (writable) file object.

    A :exc:`TypeError` will be raised if the object is of an unsupported type or
    a container that contains objects of unsupported types.


.. function:: readPlistFromString(data)

   Read a plist from a string.  Return the root object.


.. function:: writePlistToString(rootObject)

   Return *rootObject* as a plist-formatted string.



.. function:: readPlistFromResource(path[, restype='plst'[, resid=0]])

    Read a plist from the resource with type *restype* from the resource fork of
    *path*.  Availability: Mac OS X.

    .. warning::

       In 3.0, this function is removed.



.. function:: writePlistToResource(rootObject, path[, restype='plst'[, resid=0]])

    Write *rootObject* as a resource with type *restype* to the resource fork of
    *path*.  Availability: Mac OS X.

    .. warning::

       In 3.0, this function is removed.



The following class is available:

.. class:: Data(data)

   Return a "data" wrapper object around the string *data*.  This is used in
   functions converting from/to plists to represent the ``<data>`` type
   available in plists.

   It has one attribute, :attr:`data`, that can be used to retrieve the Python
   string stored in it.


Examples
--------

Generating a plist::

    pl = dict(
        aString="Doodah",
        aList=["A", "B", 12, 32.1, [1, 2, 3]],
        aFloat = 0.1,
        anInt = 728,
        aDict=dict(
            anotherString="<hello & hi there!>",
            aUnicodeValue=u'M\xe4ssig, Ma\xdf',
            aTrueValue=True,
            aFalseValue=False,
        ),
        someData = Data("<binary gunk>"),
        someMoreData = Data("<lots of binary gunk>" * 10),
        aDate = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.mktime(time.gmtime())),
    )
    # unicode keys are possible, but a little awkward to use:
    pl[u'\xc5benraa'] = "That was a unicode key."
    writePlist(pl, fileName)

Parsing a plist::

    pl = readPlist(pathOrFile)
    print pl["aKey"]
