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/*!

    \class Q3ValueVector

    \brief The Q3ValueVector class is a value-based template class that provides a dynamic array.

    \compat

    Q3ValueVector is a Qt implementation of an STL-like vector

    container. It can be used in your application if the standard \c

    vector is not available for your target platforms.

    Q3ValueVector\<T\> defines a template instance to create a vector

    of values that all have the class T. Q3ValueVector does not store

    pointers to the members of the vector; it holds a copy of every

    member. Q3ValueVector is said to be value based; in contrast,

    Q3PtrList and Q3Dict are pointer based.

    Q3ValueVector contains and manages a collection of objects of type

    T and provides random access iterators that allow the contained

    objects to be addressed. Q3ValueVector owns the contained

    elements. For more relaxed ownership semantics, see Q3PtrCollection

    and friends, which are pointer-based containers.

    Q3ValueVector provides good performance if you append or remove

    elements from the end of the vector. If you insert or remove

    elements from anywhere but the end, performance is very bad. The

    reason for this is that elements must to be copied into new

    positions.

    Some classes cannot be used within a Q3ValueVector: for example,

    all classes derived from QObject and thus all classes that

    implement widgets. Only values can be used in a Q3ValueVector. To

    qualify as a value the class must provide:

    \list

    \i a copy constructor;

    \i an assignment operator;

    \i a default constructor, i.e., a constructor that does not take any arguments.

    \endlist

    Note that C++ defaults to field-by-field assignment operators and

    copy constructors if no explicit version is supplied. In many

    cases this is sufficient.

    Q3ValueVector uses an STL-like syntax to manipulate and address the

    objects it contains.

    Example:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_q3valuevector.qdoc 0

    Program output:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_q3valuevector.qdoc 1

    As you can see, the most recent change to Joe's salary did not

    affect the value in the vector because the vector created a copy

    of Joe's entry.

    Many Qt functions return const value vectors; to iterate over

    these you should make a copy and iterate over the copy.

    There are several ways to find items in the vector. The begin()

    and end() functions return iterators to the beginning and end of

    the vector. The advantage of getting an iterator is that you can

    move forward or backward from this position by

    incrementing/decrementing the iterator. The iterator returned by

    end() points to the element which is one past the last element in

    the container. The past-the-end iterator is still associated with

    the vector it belongs to, however it is \e not dereferenceable;

    operator*() will not return a well-defined value. If the vector is

    empty(), the iterator returned by begin() will equal the iterator

    returned by end().

    The fastest way to access an element of a vector is by using

    operator[]. This function provides random access and will return

    a reference to the element located at the specified index. Thus,

    you can access every element directly, in constant time, providing

    you know the location of the element. It is undefined to access

    an element that does not exist (your application will probably

    crash). For example:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_q3valuevector.qdoc 2

    Whenever inserting, removing or referencing elements in a vector,

    always make sure you are referring to valid positions. For

    example:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_q3valuevector.qdoc 3

    The iterators provided by vector are random access iterators,

    therefore you can use them with many generic algorithms, for

    example, algorithms provided by the STL.

    It is safe to have multiple iterators on the vector at the same

    time. Since Q3ValueVector manages memory dynamically, all iterators

    can become invalid if a memory reallocation occurs. For example,

    if some member of the vector is removed, iterators that point to

    the removed element and to all following elements become

    invalidated. Inserting into the middle of the vector will

    invalidate all iterators. For convenience, the function back()

    returns a reference to the last element in the vector, and front()

    returns a reference to the first element. If the vector is

    empty(), both back() and front() have undefined behavior (your

    application will crash or do unpredictable things). Use back() and

    front() with caution, for example:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_q3valuevector.qdoc 4

    Because Q3ValueVector manages memory dynamically, it is recommended

    that you contruct a vector with an initial size. Inserting and

    removing elements happens fastest when:

    \list

    \i Inserting or removing elements happens at the end() of the

    vector;

    \i The vector does not need to allocate additional memory.

    \endlist

    By creating a Q3ValueVector with a sufficiently large initial size,

    there will be less memory allocations. Do not use an initial size

    that is too big, since it will still take time to construct all

    the empty entries, and the extra space will be wasted if it is

    never used.

    Because Q3ValueVector is value-based there is no need to be careful

    about deleting elements in the vector. The vector holds its own

    copies and will free them if the corresponding member or the

    vector itself is deleted. You can force the vector to free all of

    its items with clear().

    Q3ValueVector is shared implicitly, which means it can be copied in

    constant time. If multiple Q3ValueVector instances share the same

    data and one needs to modify its contents, this modifying instance

    makes a copy and modifies its private copy; it thus does not

    affect the other instances. This is often called "copy on write".

    If a Q3ValueVector is being used in a multi-threaded program, you

    must protect all access to the vector. See QMutex.

    There are several ways to insert elements into the vector. The

    push_back() function insert elements into the end of the vector,

    and is usually fastest. The insert() function can be used to add

    elements at specific positions within the vector.

    Items can be also be removed from the vector in several ways.

    There are several variants of the erase() function which removes a

    specific element, or range of elements, from the vector.

    Q3ValueVector stores its elements in contiguous memory. This means

    that you can use a Q3ValueVector in any situation that requires an

    array. 

*/

/*!

    \fn Q3ValueVector::Q3ValueVector()

    Constructs an empty vector without any elements. To create a

    vector which reserves an initial amount of space for elements, use

    \c Q3ValueVector(size_type n). 

*/

/*!

    \fn Q3ValueVector::Q3ValueVector( const Q3ValueVector<T>& v )

    Constructs a copy of \a v.

    This operation costs O(1) time because Q3ValueVector is implicitly

    shared.

    The first modification to the vector does takes O(n) time, because

    the elements must be copied.

*/

/*!

    \fn Q3ValueVector::Q3ValueVector( const std::vector<T>& v )

    This operation costs O(n) time because \a v is copied.

*/

/*!

    \fn Q3ValueVector::Q3ValueVector( QVector<T>::size_type n, const T& val )

    Constructs a vector with an initial size of \a n elements. Each

    element is initialized with the value of \a val.

*/

/*!

    \fn Q3ValueVector<T>& Q3ValueVector::operator=( const Q3ValueVector<T>& v )

    Assigns \a v to this vector and returns a reference to this vector.

    All iterators of the current vector become invalidated by this

    operation. The cost of such an assignment is O(1) since

    Q3ValueVector is implicitly shared.

*/

/*!

    \fn Q3ValueVector<T>& Q3ValueVector::operator=( const std::vector<T>& v )

    \overload

    Assigns \a v to this vector and returns a reference to this vector.

    All iterators of the current vector become invalidated by this

    operation. The cost of this assignment is O(n) since \a v is

    copied.

*/

/*!

    \fn T &Q3ValueVector::at( int i , bool* ok )

    Returns a reference to the element with index \a i. If \a ok is

    non-null, and the index \a i is out of range, *\a ok is set to

    FALSE and the returned reference is undefined. If the index \a i

    is within the range of the vector, and \a ok is non-null, *\a ok

    is set to TRUE and the returned reference is well defined.

*/

/*!

    \fn const T &Q3ValueVector::at( int i , bool* ok ) const

    \overload

    Returns a const reference to the element with index \a i. If \a ok

    is non-null, and the index \a i is out of range, *\a ok is set to

    FALSE and the returned reference is undefined. If the index \a i

    is within the range of the vector, and \a ok is non-null, *\a ok

    is set to TRUE and the returned reference is well defined.

*/

/*!

    \fn void Q3ValueVector::resize( int n, const T& val = T() )

    Changes the size of the vector to \a n. If \a n is greater than

    the current size(), elements are added to the end and initialized

    with the value of \a val. If \a n is less than size(), elements

    are removed from the end. If \a n is equal to size() nothing

    happens.

*/