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+/*
+*******************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) 1996-2004, International Business Machines Corporation
+*               and others. All Rights Reserved.
+*******************************************************************************
+* File unorm.h
+*
+* Created by: Vladimir Weinstein 12052000
+*
+* Modification history :
+*
+* Date        Name        Description
+* 02/01/01    synwee      Added normalization quickcheck enum and method.
+*/
+#ifndef UNORM_H
+#define UNORM_H
+#include "unicode/utypes.h"
+#if !UCONFIG_NO_NORMALIZATION
+#include "unicode/uiter.h"
+/**
+* \file
+* \brief C API: Unicode Normalization
+*
+* <h2>Unicode normalization API</h2>
+*
+* <code>unorm_normalize</code> transforms Unicode text into an equivalent composed or
+* decomposed form, allowing for easier sorting and searching of text.
+* <code>unorm_normalize</code> supports the standard normalization forms described in
+* <a href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/" target="unicode">
+* Unicode Standard Annex #15 &#8212; Unicode Normalization Forms</a>.
+*
+* Characters with accents or other adornments can be encoded in
+* several different ways in Unicode.  For example, take the character A-acute.
+* In Unicode, this can be encoded as a single character (the
+* "composed" form):
+*
+* \code
+*      00C1    LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE
+* \endcode
+*
+* or as two separate characters (the "decomposed" form):
+*
+* \code
+*      0041    LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A
+*      0301    COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
+* \endcode
+*
+* To a user of your program, however, both of these sequences should be
+* treated as the same "user-level" character "A with acute accent".  When you are searching or
+* comparing text, you must ensure that these two sequences are treated
+* equivalently.  In addition, you must handle characters with more than one
+* accent.  Sometimes the order of a character's combining accents is
+* significant, while in other cases accent sequences in different orders are
+* really equivalent.
+*
+* Similarly, the string "ffi" can be encoded as three separate letters:
+*
+* \code
+*      0066    LATIN SMALL LETTER F
+*      0066    LATIN SMALL LETTER F
+*      0069    LATIN SMALL LETTER I
+* \endcode
+*
+* or as the single character
+*
+* \code
+*      FB03    LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI
+* \endcode
+*
+* The ffi ligature is not a distinct semantic character, and strictly speaking
+* it shouldn't be in Unicode at all, but it was included for compatibility
+* with existing character sets that already provided it.  The Unicode standard
+* identifies such characters by giving them "compatibility" decompositions
+* into the corresponding semantic characters.  When sorting and searching, you
+* will often want to use these mappings.
+*
+* <code>unorm_normalize</code> helps solve these problems by transforming text into the
+* canonical composed and decomposed forms as shown in the first example above.
+* In addition, you can have it perform compatibility decompositions so that
+* you can treat compatibility characters the same as their equivalents.
+* Finally, <code>unorm_normalize</code> rearranges accents into the proper canonical
+* order, so that you do not have to worry about accent rearrangement on your
+* own.
+*
+* Form FCD, "Fast C or D", is also designed for collation.
+* It allows to work on strings that are not necessarily normalized
+* with an algorithm (like in collation) that works under "canonical closure", i.e., it treats precomposed
+* characters and their decomposed equivalents the same.
+*
+* It is not a normalization form because it does not provide for uniqueness of representation. Multiple strings
+* may be canonically equivalent (their NFDs are identical) and may all conform to FCD without being identical
+* themselves.
+*
+* The form is defined such that the "raw decomposition", the recursive canonical decomposition of each character,
+* results in a string that is canonically ordered. This means that precomposed characters are allowed for as long
+* as their decompositions do not need canonical reordering.
+*
+* Its advantage for a process like collation is that all NFD and most NFC texts - and many unnormalized texts -
+* already conform to FCD and do not need to be normalized (NFD) for such a process. The FCD quick check will
+* return UNORM_YES for most strings in practice.
+*
+* unorm_normalize(UNORM_FCD) may be implemented with UNORM_NFD.
+*
+* For more details on FCD see the collation design document:
+* http://oss.software.ibm.com/cvs/icu/~checkout~/icuhtml/design/collation/ICU_collation_design.htm
+*
+* ICU collation performs either NFD or FCD normalization automatically if normalization
+* is turned on for the collator object.
+* Beyond collation and string search, normalized strings may be useful for string equivalence comparisons,
+* transliteration/transcription, unique representations, etc.
+*
+* The W3C generally recommends to exchange texts in NFC.
+* Note also that most legacy character encodings use only precomposed forms and often do not
+* encode any combining marks by themselves. For conversion to such character encodings the
+* Unicode text needs to be normalized to NFC.
+* For more usage examples, see the Unicode Standard Annex.
+*/
+/**
+* Constants for normalization modes.
+* @stable ICU 2.0
+*/
+typedef enum {
+/** No decomposition/composition. @stable ICU 2.0 */
+UNORM_NONE = 1,
+/** Canonical decomposition. @stable ICU 2.0 */
+UNORM_NFD = 2,
+/** Compatibility decomposition. @stable ICU 2.0 */
+UNORM_NFKD = 3,
+/** Canonical decomposition followed by canonical composition. @stable ICU 2.0 */
+UNORM_NFC = 4,
+/** Default normalization. @stable ICU 2.0 */
+UNORM_DEFAULT = UNORM_NFC,
+/** Compatibility decomposition followed by canonical composition. @stable ICU 2.0 */
+UNORM_NFKC =5,
+/** "Fast C or D" form. @stable ICU 2.0 */
+UNORM_FCD = 6,
+/** One more than the highest normalization mode constant. @stable ICU 2.0 */
+UNORM_MODE_COUNT
+} UNormalizationMode;
+/**
+* Constants for options flags for normalization.
+* Use 0 for default options,
+* including normalization according to the Unicode version
+* that is currently supported by ICU (see u_getUnicodeVersion).
+* @stable ICU 2.6
+*/
+enum {
+/**
+* Options bit set value to select Unicode 3.2 normalization
+* (except NormalizationCorrections).
+* At most one Unicode version can be selected at a time.
+* @stable ICU 2.6
+*/
+UNORM_UNICODE_3_2=0x20
+};
+/**
+* Lowest-order bit number of unorm_compare() options bits corresponding to
+* normalization options bits.
+*
+* The options parameter for unorm_compare() uses most bits for
+* itself and for various comparison and folding flags.
+* The most significant bits, however, are shifted down and passed on
+* to the normalization implementation.
+* (That is, from unorm_compare(..., options, ...),
+* options>>UNORM_COMPARE_NORM_OPTIONS_SHIFT will be passed on to the
+* internal normalization functions.)
+*
+* @see unorm_compare
+* @stable ICU 2.6
+*/
+#define UNORM_COMPARE_NORM_OPTIONS_SHIFT 20
+/**
+* Normalize a string.
+* The string will be normalized according the specified normalization mode
+* and options.
+*
+* @param source The string to normalize.
+* @param sourceLength The length of source, or -1 if NUL-terminated.
+* @param mode The normalization mode; one of UNORM_NONE,
+*             UNORM_NFD, UNORM_NFC, UNORM_NFKC, UNORM_NFKD, UNORM_DEFAULT.
+* @param options The normalization options, ORed together (0 for no options).
+* @param result A pointer to a buffer to receive the result string.
+*               The result string is NUL-terminated if possible.
+* @param resultLength The maximum size of result.
+* @param status A pointer to a UErrorCode to receive any errors.
+* @return The total buffer size needed; if greater than resultLength,
+*         the output was truncated, and the error code is set to U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR.
+* @stable ICU 2.0
+*/
+U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
+unorm_normalize(const UChar *source, int32_t sourceLength,
+UNormalizationMode mode, int32_t options,
+UChar *result, int32_t resultLength,
+UErrorCode *status);
+#endif
+/**
+* Result values for unorm_quickCheck().
+* For details see Unicode Technical Report 15.
+* @stable ICU 2.0
+*/
+typedef enum UNormalizationCheckResult {
+/**
+* Indicates that string is not in the normalized format
+*/
+UNORM_NO,
+/**
+* Indicates that string is in the normalized format
+*/
+UNORM_YES,
+/**
+* Indicates that string cannot be determined if it is in the normalized
+* format without further thorough checks.
+*/
+UNORM_MAYBE
+} UNormalizationCheckResult;
+#if !UCONFIG_NO_NORMALIZATION
+/**
+* Performing quick check on a string, to quickly determine if the string is
+* in a particular normalization format.
+* Three types of result can be returned UNORM_YES, UNORM_NO or
+* UNORM_MAYBE. Result UNORM_YES indicates that the argument
+* string is in the desired normalized format, UNORM_NO determines that
+* argument string is not in the desired normalized format. A
+* UNORM_MAYBE result indicates that a more thorough check is required,
+* the user may have to put the string in its normalized form and compare the
+* results.
+*
+* @param source       string for determining if it is in a normalized format
+* @param sourcelength length of source to test, or -1 if NUL-terminated
+* @param mode         which normalization form to test for
+* @param status       a pointer to a UErrorCode to receive any errors
+* @return UNORM_YES, UNORM_NO or UNORM_MAYBE
+*
+* @see unorm_isNormalized
+* @stable ICU 2.0
+*/
+U_STABLE UNormalizationCheckResult U_EXPORT2
+unorm_quickCheck(const UChar *source, int32_t sourcelength,
+UNormalizationMode mode,
+UErrorCode *status);
+/**
+* Performing quick check on a string; same as unorm_quickCheck but
+* takes an extra options parameter like most normalization functions.
+*
+* @param src        String that is to be tested if it is in a normalization format.
+* @param srcLength  Length of source to test, or -1 if NUL-terminated.
+* @param mode       Which normalization form to test for.
+* @param options    The normalization options, ORed together (0 for no options).
+* @param pErrorCode ICU error code in/out parameter.
+*                   Must fulfill U_SUCCESS before the function call.
+* @return UNORM_YES, UNORM_NO or UNORM_MAYBE
+*
+* @see unorm_quickCheck
+* @see unorm_isNormalized
+* @stable ICU 2.6
+*/
+U_STABLE UNormalizationCheckResult U_EXPORT2
+unorm_quickCheckWithOptions(const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength,
+UNormalizationMode mode, int32_t options,
+UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
+/**
+* Test if a string is in a given normalization form.
+* This is semantically equivalent to source.equals(normalize(source, mode)) .
+*
+* Unlike unorm_quickCheck(), this function returns a definitive result,
+* never a "maybe".
+* For NFD, NFKD, and FCD, both functions work exactly the same.
+* For NFC and NFKC where quickCheck may return "maybe", this function will
+* perform further tests to arrive at a TRUE/FALSE result.
+*
+* @param src        String that is to be tested if it is in a normalization format.
+* @param srcLength  Length of source to test, or -1 if NUL-terminated.
+* @param mode       Which normalization form to test for.
+* @param pErrorCode ICU error code in/out parameter.
+*                   Must fulfill U_SUCCESS before the function call.
+* @return Boolean value indicating whether the source string is in the
+*         "mode" normalization form.
+*
+* @see unorm_quickCheck
+* @stable ICU 2.2
+*/
+U_STABLE UBool U_EXPORT2
+unorm_isNormalized(const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength,
+UNormalizationMode mode,
+UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
+/**
+* Test if a string is in a given normalization form; same as unorm_isNormalized but
+* takes an extra options parameter like most normalization functions.
+*
+* @param src        String that is to be tested if it is in a normalization format.
+* @param srcLength  Length of source to test, or -1 if NUL-terminated.
+* @param mode       Which normalization form to test for.
+* @param options    The normalization options, ORed together (0 for no options).
+* @param pErrorCode ICU error code in/out parameter.
+*                   Must fulfill U_SUCCESS before the function call.
+* @return Boolean value indicating whether the source string is in the
+*         "mode/options" normalization form.
+*
+* @see unorm_quickCheck
+* @see unorm_isNormalized
+* @stable ICU 2.6
+*/
+U_STABLE UBool U_EXPORT2
+unorm_isNormalizedWithOptions(const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength,
+UNormalizationMode mode, int32_t options,
+UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
+/**
+* Iterative normalization forward.
+* This function (together with unorm_previous) is somewhat
+* similar to the C++ Normalizer class (see its non-static functions).
+*
+* Iterative normalization is useful when only a small portion of a longer
+* string/text needs to be processed.
+*
+* For example, the likelihood may be high that processing the first 10% of some
+* text will be sufficient to find certain data.
+* Another example: When one wants to concatenate two normalized strings and get a
+* normalized result, it is much more efficient to normalize just a small part of
+* the result around the concatenation place instead of re-normalizing everything.
+*
+* The input text is an instance of the C character iteration API UCharIterator.
+* It may wrap around a simple string, a CharacterIterator, a Replaceable, or any
+* other kind of text object.
+*
+* If a buffer overflow occurs, then the caller needs to reset the iterator to the
+* old index and call the function again with a larger buffer - if the caller cares
+* for the actual output.
+* Regardless of the output buffer, the iterator will always be moved to the next
+* normalization boundary.
+*
+* This function (like unorm_previous) serves two purposes:
+*
+* 1) To find the next boundary so that the normalization of the part of the text
+* from the current position to that boundary does not affect and is not affected
+* by the part of the text beyond that boundary.
+*
+* 2) To normalize the text up to the boundary.
+*
+* The second step is optional, per the doNormalize parameter.
+* It is omitted for operations like string concatenation, where the two adjacent
+* string ends need to be normalized together.
+* In such a case, the output buffer will just contain a copy of the text up to the
+* boundary.
+*
+* pNeededToNormalize is an output-only parameter. Its output value is only defined
+* if normalization was requested (doNormalize) and successful (especially, no
+* buffer overflow).
+* It is useful for operations like a normalizing transliterator, where one would
+* not want to replace a piece of text if it is not modified.
+*
+* If doNormalize==TRUE and pNeededToNormalize!=NULL then *pNeeded... is set TRUE
+* if the normalization was necessary.
+*
+* If doNormalize==FALSE then *pNeededToNormalize will be set to FALSE.
+*
+* If the buffer overflows, then *pNeededToNormalize will be undefined;
+* essentially, whenever U_FAILURE is true (like in buffer overflows), this result
+* will be undefined.
+*
+* @param src The input text in the form of a C character iterator.
+* @param dest The output buffer; can be NULL if destCapacity==0 for pure preflighting.
+* @param destCapacity The number of UChars that fit into dest.
+* @param mode The normalization mode.
+* @param options The normalization options, ORed together (0 for no options).
+* @param doNormalize Indicates if the source text up to the next boundary
+*                    is to be normalized (TRUE) or just copied (FALSE).
+* @param pNeededToNormalize Output flag indicating if the normalization resulted in
+*                           different text from the input.
+*                           Not defined if an error occurs including buffer overflow.
+*                           Always FALSE if !doNormalize.
+* @param pErrorCode ICU error code in/out parameter.
+*                   Must fulfill U_SUCCESS before the function call.
+* @return Length of output (number of UChars) when successful or buffer overflow.
+*
+* @see unorm_previous
+* @see unorm_normalize
+*
+* @stable ICU 2.1
+*/
+U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
+unorm_next(UCharIterator *src,
+UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity,
+UNormalizationMode mode, int32_t options,
+UBool doNormalize, UBool *pNeededToNormalize,
+UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
+/**
+* Iterative normalization backward.
+* This function (together with unorm_next) is somewhat
+* similar to the C++ Normalizer class (see its non-static functions).
+* For all details see unorm_next.
+*
+* @param src The input text in the form of a C character iterator.
+* @param dest The output buffer; can be NULL if destCapacity==0 for pure preflighting.
+* @param destCapacity The number of UChars that fit into dest.
+* @param mode The normalization mode.
+* @param options The normalization options, ORed together (0 for no options).
+* @param doNormalize Indicates if the source text up to the next boundary
+*                    is to be normalized (TRUE) or just copied (FALSE).
+* @param pNeededToNormalize Output flag indicating if the normalization resulted in
+*                           different text from the input.
+*                           Not defined if an error occurs including buffer overflow.
+*                           Always FALSE if !doNormalize.
+* @param pErrorCode ICU error code in/out parameter.
+*                   Must fulfill U_SUCCESS before the function call.
+* @return Length of output (number of UChars) when successful or buffer overflow.
+*
+* @see unorm_next
+* @see unorm_normalize
+*
+* @stable ICU 2.1
+*/
+U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
+unorm_previous(UCharIterator *src,
+UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity,
+UNormalizationMode mode, int32_t options,
+UBool doNormalize, UBool *pNeededToNormalize,
+UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
+/**
+* Concatenate normalized strings, making sure that the result is normalized as well.
+*
+* If both the left and the right strings are in
+* the normalization form according to "mode/options",
+* then the result will be
+*
+* \code
+*     dest=normalize(left+right, mode, options)
+* \endcode
+*
+* With the input strings already being normalized,
+* this function will use unorm_next() and unorm_previous()
+* to find the adjacent end pieces of the input strings.
+* Only the concatenation of these end pieces will be normalized and
+* then concatenated with the remaining parts of the input strings.
+*
+* It is allowed to have dest==left to avoid copying the entire left string.
+*
+* @param left Left source string, may be same as dest.
+* @param leftLength Length of left source string, or -1 if NUL-terminated.
+* @param right Right source string.
+* @param rightLength Length of right source string, or -1 if NUL-terminated.
+* @param dest The output buffer; can be NULL if destCapacity==0 for pure preflighting.
+* @param destCapacity The number of UChars that fit into dest.
+* @param mode The normalization mode.
+* @param options The normalization options, ORed together (0 for no options).
+* @param pErrorCode ICU error code in/out parameter.
+*                   Must fulfill U_SUCCESS before the function call.
+* @return Length of output (number of UChars) when successful or buffer overflow.
+*
+* @see unorm_normalize
+* @see unorm_next
+* @see unorm_previous
+*
+* @stable ICU 2.1
+*/
+U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
+unorm_concatenate(const UChar *left, int32_t leftLength,
+const UChar *right, int32_t rightLength,
+UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity,
+UNormalizationMode mode, int32_t options,
+UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
+/**
+* Option bit for unorm_compare:
+* Both input strings are assumed to fulfill FCD conditions.
+* @stable ICU 2.2
+*/
+#define UNORM_INPUT_IS_FCD          0x20000
+/**
+* Option bit for unorm_compare:
+* Perform case-insensitive comparison.
+* @stable ICU 2.2
+*/
+#define U_COMPARE_IGNORE_CASE       0x10000
+#ifndef U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER
+/* see also unistr.h and ustring.h */
+/**
+* Option bit for u_strCaseCompare, u_strcasecmp, unorm_compare, etc:
+* Compare strings in code point order instead of code unit order.
+* @stable ICU 2.2
+*/
+#define U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER  0x8000
+#endif
+/**
+* Compare two strings for canonical equivalence.
+* Further options include case-insensitive comparison and
+* code point order (as opposed to code unit order).
+*
+* Canonical equivalence between two strings is defined as their normalized
+* forms (NFD or NFC) being identical.
+* This function compares strings incrementally instead of normalizing
+* (and optionally case-folding) both strings entirely,
+* improving performance significantly.
+*
+* Bulk normalization is only necessary if the strings do not fulfill the FCD
+* conditions. Only in this case, and only if the strings are relatively long,
+* is memory allocated temporarily.
+* For FCD strings and short non-FCD strings there is no memory allocation.
+*
+* Semantically, this is equivalent to
+*   strcmp[CodePointOrder](NFD(foldCase(NFD(s1))), NFD(foldCase(NFD(s2))))
+* where code point order and foldCase are all optional.
+*
+* UAX 21 2.5 Caseless Matching specifies that for a canonical caseless match
+* the case folding must be performed first, then the normalization.
+*
+* @param s1 First source string.
+* @param length1 Length of first source string, or -1 if NUL-terminated.
+*
+* @param s2 Second source string.
+* @param length2 Length of second source string, or -1 if NUL-terminated.
+*
+* @param options A bit set of options:
+*   - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options:
+*     Case-sensitive comparison in code unit order, and the input strings
+*     are quick-checked for FCD.
+*
+*   - UNORM_INPUT_IS_FCD
+*     Set if the caller knows that both s1 and s2 fulfill the FCD conditions.
+*     If not set, the function will quickCheck for FCD
+*     and normalize if necessary.
+*
+*   - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER
+*     Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order
+*     (see u_strCompare for details).
+*
+*   - U_COMPARE_IGNORE_CASE
+*     Set to compare strings case-insensitively using case folding,
+*     instead of case-sensitively.
+*     If set, then the following case folding options are used.
+*
+*   - Options as used with case-insensitive comparisons, currently:
+*
+*   - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I
+*    (see u_strCaseCompare for details)
+*
+*   - regular normalization options shifted left by UNORM_COMPARE_NORM_OPTIONS_SHIFT
+*
+* @param pErrorCode ICU error code in/out parameter.
+*                   Must fulfill U_SUCCESS before the function call.
+* @return <0 or 0 or >0 as usual for string comparisons
+*
+* @see unorm_normalize
+* @see UNORM_FCD
+* @see u_strCompare
+* @see u_strCaseCompare
+*
+* @stable ICU 2.2
+*/
+U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2
+unorm_compare(const UChar *s1, int32_t length1,
+const UChar *s2, int32_t length2,
+uint32_t options,
+UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
+#endif /* #if !UCONFIG_NO_NORMALIZATION */
+#endif