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<concept id="GUID-DC59BEAD-0047-4D7A-96D1-C5E3EC4F982B" xml:lang="en"><title>Drawing

in traditional architecture</title><prolog><metadata><keywords/></metadata></prolog><conbody>

<p>The application framework calls<xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Control_Environment/CCoeControlClass.html#%3a%3aCCoeControl%3a%3aDraw%28const%20TRect%20%26amp%3b%29const" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CCoeControl::Draw</parmname></xref> when a control area needs

to be updated on the display. Controls may implement <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Control_Environment/CCoeControlClass.html#%3a%3aCCoeControl%3a%3aDraw%28const%20TRect%20%26amp%3b%29const" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CCoeControl::Draw</parmname></xref> or leave the drawing

to their child controls. For more information on control hierarchies, see <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/guide/Application-Framework-subsystem-guide/UIControlFrameworkGuide/UIControlFrameworkGuide2/RunTimeControlHierarchy.guide.html" format="application/java-archive">The run-time control hierarchy</xref>. The platform calls <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Control_Environment/CCoeControlClass.html#%3a%3aCCoeControl%3a%3aDraw%28const%20TRect%20%26amp%3b%29const" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CCoeControl::Draw</parmname></xref> for the parent control

first, and then recursively for each control.</p>

<p>Controls should override <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Control_Environment/CCoeControlClass.html#%3a%3aCCoeControl%3a%3aDraw%28const%20TRect%20%26amp%3b%29const" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CCoeControl::Draw</parmname></xref> to draw their content.

The override should do nothing else and should be as fast as possible. For

example, it is bad design to create fonts dynamically, and read any bitmaps

or resources while drawing. A good rule of thumb is that there should not

be trap handlers in the method override; any time-consuming functionality

that can be done beforehand should be cached.</p>

<p>In most cases controls are drawn on the display using the screen device

graphics context, accessed with <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Control_Environment/CCoeControlClass.html#%3a%3aCCoeControl%3a%3aSystemGc%28%29const" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CCoeControl::SystemGc()</parmname></xref>. The graphics context provides a wide set of <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/GDI/index.html" format="application/java-archive">GDI</xref> (Graphics

Device Interface  - common Symbian platform graphics API) drawing primitives

that can be used for drawing virtually anything on screen.</p>

<p>An example of a basic override of <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Control_Environment/CCoeControlClass.html#%3a%3aCCoeControl%3a%3aDraw%28const%20TRect%20%26amp%3b%29const" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CCoeControl::Draw</parmname></xref> for a control that is

a top-level window in an application is as follows:</p>

<codeblock id="GUID-27363E40-E10A-4399-BF1A-A48305A1DC1B" xml:space="preserve">void CMyAppView::Draw( const TRect&amp; /*aRect*/ ) const

    {

    // Get the standard graphics context

    CWindowGc& gc = SystemGc();

    gc.SetPenStyle( CGraphicsContext::ENullPen );

    gc.SetBrushColor( KRgbWhite);

    gc.SetBrushStyle( CGraphicsContext::ESolidBrush );

    // Gets the control's extent

    TRect rect( Rect());

        {

        gc.Clear( rect );

        }

    }

</codeblock>

<p>, where</p>

<ul>

<li><p><parmname>CWindowGc&amp; gc = SystemGc();</parmname> gets

the graphics context that is used when drawing the control.</p></li>

<li><p><xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Window_Server/CWindowGcClass.html#%3a%3aCWindowGc%3a%3aSetPenStyle%28TPenStyle%29" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CWindowGc::SetPenStyle</parmname></xref>, <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Window_Server/CWindowGcClass.html#%3a%3aCWindowGc%3a%3aSetBrushColor%28const%20TRgb%20%26amp%3b%29" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CWindowGc::SetBrushColor</parmname></xref>, and <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Window_Server/CWindowGcClass.html#%3a%3aCWindowGc%3a%3aSetBrushStyle%28TBrushStyle%29" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CWindowGc::SetBrushStyle</parmname></xref> are used to set the drawing primatives for the context</p>

</li>

<li><p><xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Kernel_Architecture_2/TRectClass.html" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>TRect</parmname></xref> gets

the size of the control rectangle</p></li>

<li><p><xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Window_Server/CWindowGcClass.html#%3a%3aCWindowGc%3a%3aClear%28const%20TRect%20%26amp%3b%29" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CWindowGc:Clear(rect)</parmname></xref> clears the control rectangle</p>

</li>

</ul>

<section id="GUID-F52B945E-F63A-40FC-B7EF-CBA4CFD415E8"><title>Double buffering</title>

<p>For controls that perform intensive drawing operations, the drawing

should be cached: a process also known as double-buffering. Here the drawing

is done to a memory context first and then in the <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Control_Environment/CCoeControlClass.html#%3a%3aCCoeControl%3a%3aDraw%28const%20TRect%20%26amp%3b%29const" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CCoeControl::Draw</parmname></xref> method only the context's

bitmap is passed to screen. In the Symbian platform, the easiest way to implement

a double buffer is to create a <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Font_and_Bitmap_Server/CFbsBitmapClass.html" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CFbsBitmap</parmname></xref> and

then bind a graphics context to that  - this makes it possible to use the

same GDI interface for drawing as the display context. The drawing is done

to a memory bitmap buffer. Double-buffering is a common paradigm used in games,

but can also be utilized in any application when performance of drawing controls

is important.</p>

<p>The following is a short example of how a double buffer is created and

used:</p>

<codeblock id="GUID-2FA4ADA3-E8F5-4BEE-86C4-40DE748BB91B" xml:space="preserve">iGcBmp = new (ELeave) CWsBitmap(iEikonEnv-&gt;WsSession());

User::LeaveIfError(iGcBmp->Create(aClientRect.Size(), iEikonEnv->ScreenDevice()->DisplayMode()));

iGcDevice = CFbsBitmapDevice::NewL(iGcBmp);

User::LeaveIfError(iGcDevice->CreateBitmapContext(iGc));

</codeblock>

<p><parmname>iGcBmp</parmname> is a pointer to <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Window_Server/CWsBitmapClass.html" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CWsBitmap</parmname></xref>,

the bitmap memory buffer, that is created with the same width and height as

the top-level window and with the same color bit depth as the display.<parmname> iGcDevice</parmname> is

a pointer to the <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/GDI/CBitmapDeviceClass.html" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CBitmapDevice</parmname></xref> device

class and the context <parmname>iGc</parmname> holds the <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/GDI/CBitmapContextClass.html" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CBitmapContext</parmname></xref> instance. <parmname>iGc</parmname> is then used instead of <parmname>CScreenGc</parmname>, obtained from the <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Control_Environment/CCoeControlClass.html#%3a%3aCCoeControl%3a%3aSystemGc%28%29const" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CCoeControl::SystemGc()</parmname></xref> method, when the

control draws itself. The double-buffer drawing should be done outside of

the <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Control_Environment/CCoeControlClass.html#%3a%3aCCoeControl%3a%3aDraw%28const%20TRect%20%26amp%3b%29const" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CCoeControl::Draw</parmname></xref> method and can be called

directly when needed. Only at the end of the off-screen drawing is the memory

buffer flushed to the screen by calling <xref href="jar:GUID-35228542-8C95-4849-A73F-2B4F082F0C44.jar!/sdk/doc_source/reference/reference-cpp/Control_Environment/CCoeControlClass.html#%3a%3aCCoeControl%3a%3aDrawDeferred%28%29const" format="application/java-archive"><parmname>CCoeControl::DrawDeferred()</parmname></xref></p>

<codeblock id="GUID-9474C692-0E2E-4B2C-A218-C4DF99E85C31" xml:space="preserve">void CMyDrawingExample::Draw(const TRect&amp; /*aRect*/) const

    {

    SystemGc().BitBlt(TPoint(0, 0), iGcBmp);

    }</codeblock>

</section>