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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> |
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2 <!-- Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies) All rights reserved. --> |
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3 <!-- This component and the accompanying materials are made available under the terms of the License |
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4 "Eclipse Public License v1.0" which accompanies this distribution, |
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5 and is available at the URL "http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html". --> |
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6 <!-- Initial Contributors: |
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7 Nokia Corporation - initial contribution. |
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8 Contributors: |
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9 --> |
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10 <!DOCTYPE concept |
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11 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Concept//EN" "concept.dtd"> |
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12 <concept id="GUID-5B1A7CBF-40DE-56F9-B145-948C6F72B647" xml:lang="en"><title>Using |
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13 TDesC16 Class</title><shortdesc>Use <apiname>TDesC16</apiname> for interfaces which access Unicode |
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14 text, regardless of the build variant, but which does not change the data.</shortdesc><prolog><metadata><keywords/></metadata></prolog><conbody> |
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15 <section id="GUID-E63C406D-E480-59B0-B829-3838DDE6B24F"><title>Using in a |
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16 function interface</title> <p>Interfaces which take wide (Unicode) text, use |
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17 descriptors in the specification of that interface. All 16 bit concrete descriptors |
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18 are derived from <codeph>TDesC16</codeph> which means that the interface can |
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19 accept any 16 bit descriptor.</p> <p>The following code fragment shows the |
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20 most common function prototype pattern.</p> <codeblock id="GUID-22E802FF-CFDD-52EB-87FD-90BE56022243" xml:space="preserve">void ClassX::foo(const TDesC16& anArg);</codeblock> <p>The use of <xref href="GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23.dita"><apiname>TDesC16</apiname></xref> ensures that the data cannot be |
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21 modified through the descriptor; <codeph>const</codeph> is an extra guarantee |
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22 that the data cannot be changed.</p> <p>In practice, nearly all code uses |
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23 the build independent form, <codeph>TDesC</codeph>, unless an explicit 8 bit |
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24 or 16 bit build variant is required.</p> </section> |
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25 <section id="GUID-149EA2C7-E0A6-5AF6-BF63-9F07AAE1F0C2"><title>Extract leftmost |
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26 part of data</title> <p>The code fragment shows how the leftmost part of data |
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27 in a descriptor can be accessed, using the <xref href="GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23.dita#GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23/GUID-FC14F917-66BE-352A-84ED-27478C3D3962"><apiname>TDesC16::Left()</apiname></xref> member |
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28 function.</p> <p>The behaviour is the same for the build independent variant, <xref href="GUID-52D07F46-2162-380C-A775-C3BB335C42F5.dita"><apiname>TDesC</apiname></xref>, |
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29 replacing <xref href="GUID-B7343D82-C251-3C27-A1E4-79B628F2D593.dita"><apiname>_LIT16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-B47B3E37-4FAC-327C-B626-49E09DB147FC.dita"><apiname>_LIT</apiname></xref>, <xref href="GUID-44622E86-313E-36B3-9989-3016F8E6E252.dita"><apiname>TBufC16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-4D64E4B7-6BEE-3900-A115-460FE5B2D79E.dita"><apiname>TBufC</apiname></xref> and <xref href="GUID-8FE95467-D48B-3E61-9028-29C0F15F567E.dita"><apiname>TPtrC16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-5CD07A27-E3ED-3273-A560-680501468C91.dita"><apiname>TPtrC</apiname></xref>.</p> <codeblock id="GUID-92E42C6C-47A6-5216-88BC-689869F6D5C9" xml:space="preserve">_LIT16(KData,"abcdefg"); |
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30 TBufC16<8> str(KData); |
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31 ... |
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32 str.Left(4);</codeblock> <p>The call to <codeph>Left()</codeph> returns a |
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33 non-modifiable pointer descriptor representing the data string "<codeph>abcd</codeph>"; |
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34 this has length 4. The original data contained in, and represented by, the |
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35 non-modifiable buffer descriptor <codeph>str</codeph>, is not changed in any |
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36 way.</p> <codeblock id="GUID-9BF55CB5-45D1-5B90-8E3E-3BF704B0CB55" xml:space="preserve">_LIT16(KData,"abcdefg"); |
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37 TBufC16<8> str(KData); |
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38 ... |
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39 str.Left(256);</codeblock> <p>This call to <codeph>Left()</codeph> returns |
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40 a non-modifiable pointer descriptor representing the data string "<codeph>abcdefg</codeph>", |
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41 i.e. the whole content of the descriptor <codeph>str</codeph>; this has length |
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42 7.</p> <p>Note that the following call to <codeph>Left()</codeph> results |
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43 in a panic.</p> <codeblock id="GUID-E74C6BA7-5676-55DA-8EDF-21D0C3F44CED" xml:space="preserve">_LIT16(KData,"abcdefg"); |
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44 TBufC16<8> str(KData); |
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45 ... |
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46 str.Left(-1); // Panic !</codeblock> </section> |
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47 <section id="GUID-EE79E69C-3F7A-5AF8-9781-434A496255CA"><title>Extract rightmost |
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48 part of data</title> <p>The code fragment shows how the right most part of |
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49 data in a descriptor can be accessed, using the <xref href="GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23.dita#GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23/GUID-97097CD2-B179-3D51-874F-3CE7A9D761F0"><apiname>TDesC16::Right()</apiname></xref> member |
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50 function.</p> <p>The behaviour is the same for the build independent variant, <xref href="GUID-52D07F46-2162-380C-A775-C3BB335C42F5.dita"><apiname>TDesC</apiname></xref>, |
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51 replacing <xref href="GUID-B7343D82-C251-3C27-A1E4-79B628F2D593.dita"><apiname>_LIT16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-B47B3E37-4FAC-327C-B626-49E09DB147FC.dita"><apiname>_LIT</apiname></xref>, <xref href="GUID-44622E86-313E-36B3-9989-3016F8E6E252.dita"><apiname>TBufC16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-4D64E4B7-6BEE-3900-A115-460FE5B2D79E.dita"><apiname>TBufC</apiname></xref> and <xref href="GUID-8FE95467-D48B-3E61-9028-29C0F15F567E.dita"><apiname>TPtrC16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-5CD07A27-E3ED-3273-A560-680501468C91.dita"><apiname>TPtrC</apiname></xref>.</p> <codeblock id="GUID-41C7F212-E677-585E-80B1-3DED21E48537" xml:space="preserve">_LIT16(KData,"abcdefg"); |
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52 TBufC16<8> str(KData); |
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53 ... |
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54 str.Right(4);</codeblock> <p>The call to <codeph>Right()</codeph> returns |
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55 a non-modifiable pointer descriptor representing the data string "<codeph>defg</codeph>"; |
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56 this has length 4. The original data contained in, and represented by, the |
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57 non-modifiable buffer descriptor <codeph>str</codeph>, is not changed in any |
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58 way.</p> <codeblock id="GUID-6663CDF1-93F6-50DE-8A1A-E1F30F4528F2" xml:space="preserve">_LIT16(KData,"abcdefg"); |
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59 TBufC16<8> str(KData); |
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60 ... |
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61 str.Right(256);</codeblock> <p>This call to <codeph>Right()</codeph> returns |
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62 a non-modifiable pointer descriptor representing the data string "<codeph>abcdefg</codeph>". |
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63 The whole content of the descriptor <codeph>str</codeph> has the length 7.</p> <p>Note |
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64 that the following call to <codeph>Right()</codeph> results in a panic.</p> <codeblock id="GUID-2F9ADE78-9CA5-5032-95E0-5497687FC8FE" xml:space="preserve">_LIT16(KData,"abcdefg"); |
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65 TBufC16<8> str(KData); |
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66 ... |
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67 str.Right(-1); // Panic !</codeblock> </section> |
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68 <section id="GUID-A7393084-990B-5C51-A5FF-B9C4182ECAE0"><title>Extract middle |
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69 portion of the data</title> <p>The code fragment shows how a portion of data |
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70 within a descriptor can be accessed, using the <xref href="GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23.dita#GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23/GUID-76B4CCFB-F592-3A80-87FE-ACD868172F3C"><apiname>TDesC16::Mid()</apiname></xref> member |
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71 function. Each call to<codeph>Mid()</codeph> returns a non-modifiable pointer |
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72 descriptor representing the selected portions of data.</p> <p>The behaviour |
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73 is the same for the build independent variant,<xref href="GUID-52D07F46-2162-380C-A775-C3BB335C42F5.dita"><apiname>TDesC</apiname></xref>, replacing <xref href="GUID-B7343D82-C251-3C27-A1E4-79B628F2D593.dita"><apiname>_LIT16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-B47B3E37-4FAC-327C-B626-49E09DB147FC.dita"><apiname>_LIT</apiname></xref>,<xref href="GUID-44622E86-313E-36B3-9989-3016F8E6E252.dita"><apiname>TBufC16</apiname></xref> with<xref href="GUID-4D64E4B7-6BEE-3900-A115-460FE5B2D79E.dita"><apiname>TBufC</apiname></xref> and<xref href="GUID-8FE95467-D48B-3E61-9028-29C0F15F567E.dita"><apiname>TPtrC16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-5CD07A27-E3ED-3273-A560-680501468C91.dita"><apiname>TPtrC</apiname></xref>.</p> <codeblock id="GUID-7A669FDC-DE36-54C0-878F-0E8C4D9A3246" xml:space="preserve">_LIT16(KData,"abcdefg"); |
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74 TBufC16 str(KData); |
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75 ... |
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76 str.Mid(0); //returns TPtrC16 representing "abcdefg"; length is 7 |
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77 str.Mid(1); //returns TPtrC16 representing "bcdefg"; length is 6 |
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78 str.Mid(6); //returns TPtrC16 representing "g"; length is 1 |
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79 str.Mid(3,3); //returns TPtrC16 representing "def"; length is 3 |
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80 str.Mid(0,7); //returns TPtrC16 representing "abcdefg"; length is 7 |
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81 ... |
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82 str.Mid(8); // Panics ! |
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83 str.Mid(3,5); // Panics !</codeblock> </section> |
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84 <section id="GUID-5506FF14-B12F-5CB8-9613-DFCF678BDB57"><title>Comparing data</title> <p>This |
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85 code fragment shows the<xref href="GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23.dita#GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23/GUID-AD5D7B9B-527C-324F-B399-4AEDA0432D4B"><apiname>TDesC16::Compare()</apiname></xref> function.</p> <p>The |
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86 behaviour is the same for the build independent variant,<xref href="GUID-52D07F46-2162-380C-A775-C3BB335C42F5.dita"><apiname>TDesC</apiname></xref>, |
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87 replacing <xref href="GUID-B7343D82-C251-3C27-A1E4-79B628F2D593.dita"><apiname>_LIT16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-B47B3E37-4FAC-327C-B626-49E09DB147FC.dita"><apiname>_LIT</apiname></xref>, <xref href="GUID-44622E86-313E-36B3-9989-3016F8E6E252.dita"><apiname>TBufC16</apiname></xref> with<xref href="GUID-4D64E4B7-6BEE-3900-A115-460FE5B2D79E.dita"><apiname>TBufC</apiname></xref>.</p> <codeblock id="GUID-D3F03C22-0D4C-5C76-A10E-90B4B330F04B" xml:space="preserve">_LIT16(Kabcd, "abcd"); |
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88 _LIT16(Kabcde, "abcde"); |
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89 _LIT16(Kabc, "abc"); |
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90 _LIT16(Kabcx, "abcx"); |
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91 ... |
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92 TBufC16<8> str(Kabcd); |
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93 ... |
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94 str.Compare(Kabcde); // returns -ve |
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95 str.Compare(Kabc); // returns +ve |
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96 str.Compare(Kabcd); // returns zero |
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97 str.Compare(Kabcx); // returns -ve</codeblock> <p>This result of the comparison |
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98 means that:</p> <ul> |
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99 <li id="GUID-902AA635-E5DD-5806-B1C3-E6D4CD6531C8"><p>"abcd" is less than |
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100 "abcde".</p> </li> |
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101 <li id="GUID-BD9A0EE3-F924-5C1F-88AF-A5A56B22B0B5"><p>"abcd" is greater than |
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102 "abc".</p> </li> |
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103 <li id="GUID-140D551D-F465-53AD-9FB8-0DBA1CB7FB29"><p>"abcd" is equal to "abcd".</p> </li> |
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104 <li id="GUID-48853EF5-D2A1-55C6-92A3-1308BEE49FD0"><p>"abcd" is less than |
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105 "abcx".</p> </li> |
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106 </ul> </section> |
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107 <section id="GUID-8E3F058A-4E53-5608-BEE0-69531AB28A5E"><title>Locating a |
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108 character</title> <p>This code fragment shows the<xref href="GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23.dita#GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23/GUID-76F6497A-6353-3CF6-AB30-41E02EDC916A"><apiname>TDesC16::Locate()</apiname></xref> function.</p> <p>The |
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109 behaviour is the same for the build independent variant,<xref href="GUID-52D07F46-2162-380C-A775-C3BB335C42F5.dita"><apiname>TDesC</apiname></xref>, |
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110 replacing <xref href="GUID-B7343D82-C251-3C27-A1E4-79B628F2D593.dita"><apiname>_LIT16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-B47B3E37-4FAC-327C-B626-49E09DB147FC.dita"><apiname>_LIT</apiname></xref>, <xref href="GUID-44622E86-313E-36B3-9989-3016F8E6E252.dita"><apiname>TBufC16</apiname></xref> with<xref href="GUID-4D64E4B7-6BEE-3900-A115-460FE5B2D79E.dita"><apiname>TBufC</apiname></xref>.</p> <codeblock id="GUID-212A32BC-BBA0-5A1D-92C2-D9CF9609379F" xml:space="preserve">_LIT16(Kabcd,"abcd"); |
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111 TBufC16<8> str(Kabcd); |
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112 ... |
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113 str.Locate('d'); // returns 3 |
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114 str.Locate('a'); // returns 0 |
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115 str.Locate('b'); // returns 1 |
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116 str.Locate('x'); // returns KErrNotFound</codeblock> </section> |
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117 <section id="GUID-942CD420-E5A1-5A11-BC21-E895294CDDEB"><title>Finding data</title> <p>This |
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118 code fragment shows the <xref href="GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23.dita#GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23/GUID-3C5D15A1-E09F-34A5-A4E9-FEE36CED32B5"><apiname>TDesC16::Find()</apiname></xref> function.</p> <p>The |
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119 behaviour is the same for the build independent variant,<xref href="GUID-52D07F46-2162-380C-A775-C3BB335C42F5.dita"><apiname>TDesC</apiname></xref>, |
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120 replacing <xref href="GUID-B7343D82-C251-3C27-A1E4-79B628F2D593.dita"><apiname>_LIT16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-B47B3E37-4FAC-327C-B626-49E09DB147FC.dita"><apiname>_LIT</apiname></xref>, <xref href="GUID-44622E86-313E-36B3-9989-3016F8E6E252.dita"><apiname>TBufC16</apiname></xref> with<xref href="GUID-4D64E4B7-6BEE-3900-A115-460FE5B2D79E.dita"><apiname>TBufC</apiname></xref>.</p> <codeblock id="GUID-764360D8-EA0F-5B7D-939B-235F249C169E" xml:space="preserve">_LIT16(KAtoZ,"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"); |
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121 TBufC16<32> str(KAtoZ); |
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122 ... |
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123 _LIT16(KFind1,"abc"); |
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124 str.Find(KFind1); // returns 0 |
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125 |
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126 _LIT16(KFInd2,"bcde"); |
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127 str.Find(KFInd2); // returns 1 |
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128 |
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129 _LIT16(KFind3,"uvwxyz"); |
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130 str.Find(KFind3); // returns 20 |
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131 |
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132 _LIT16(KFind4,"0123"); |
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133 str.Find(KFind4); // returns KErrNotFound |
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134 |
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135 _LIT16(KFind5,"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz01"); |
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136 str.Find(KFind5); // returns KErrNotFound |
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137 |
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138 str.Find(KNullDesC16); // returns 0</codeblock> </section> |
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139 <section id="GUID-35A35FA8-F8CF-59F7-AEF6-23F340E5E9EE"><title>Pattern matching</title> <p>This |
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140 code fragment shows the <xref href="GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23.dita#GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23/GUID-D104D885-DB49-30CD-A78D-2E10A783CA93"><apiname>TDesC16::Match()</apiname></xref> function.</p> <p>The |
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141 behaviour is the same for the build independent variant,<xref href="GUID-52D07F46-2162-380C-A775-C3BB335C42F5.dita"><apiname>TDesC</apiname></xref>, |
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142 replacing <xref href="GUID-B7343D82-C251-3C27-A1E4-79B628F2D593.dita"><apiname>_LIT16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-B47B3E37-4FAC-327C-B626-49E09DB147FC.dita"><apiname>_LIT</apiname></xref>, <xref href="GUID-44622E86-313E-36B3-9989-3016F8E6E252.dita"><apiname>TBufC16</apiname></xref> with<xref href="GUID-4D64E4B7-6BEE-3900-A115-460FE5B2D79E.dita"><apiname>TBufC</apiname></xref>.</p> <codeblock id="GUID-465DAB75-DFA3-5BE9-AC38-4548C9395334" xml:space="preserve">_LIT16(KAtoZ,"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"); |
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143 TBufC16<32> str(KAtoZ); |
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144 ... |
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145 _LIT16(KMatch1,"*ijk*"); |
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146 str.Match(KMatch1); //returns -> 8 |
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147 |
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148 _LIT16(KMatch2,"*i?k*"); |
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149 str.Match(KMatch2); // -> 8 |
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150 |
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151 _LIT16(KMatch3,"ijk*"); |
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152 str.Match(KMatch3); // -> KErrNotFound |
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153 |
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154 _LIT16(KMatch4,"abcd"); |
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155 str.Match(KMatch4); // -> KErrNotFound |
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156 |
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157 _LIT16(KMatch5,"*i*mn*"); |
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158 str.Match(KMatch5); // -> 8 |
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159 |
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160 _LIT16(KMatch6,"abcdef*"); |
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161 str.Match(KMatch6); // -> 0 |
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162 |
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163 _LIT16(KMatch7,"*"); |
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164 str.Match(KMatch7); // -> 0 |
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165 |
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166 _LIT16(KMatch8,"*y*"); |
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167 str.Match(KMatch8); // -> 24 |
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168 |
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169 _LIT16(KMatch9,"*i??k*"); |
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170 str.Match(KMatch9); // -> KErrNotFound</codeblock> <p>To test |
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171 for the existence of a pattern within a text string, the pattern must start |
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172 and end with an ‘*’.</p> </section> |
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173 <section id="GUID-0C41371C-F933-55A5-A56A-46C14D8E0072"><title>Referencing |
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174 a data item</title> <p>The code fragment shows how a data item can be referenced |
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175 using<xref href="GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23.dita#GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23/GUID-1AA9098F-02ED-3305-B7B3-02A495A245A2"><apiname>TDesC16::operator[]()</apiname></xref>.</p> <p>The behaviour is the |
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176 same for the build independent variant,<xref href="GUID-52D07F46-2162-380C-A775-C3BB335C42F5.dita"><apiname>TDesC</apiname></xref>, replacing <xref href="GUID-B7343D82-C251-3C27-A1E4-79B628F2D593.dita"><apiname>_LIT16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-B47B3E37-4FAC-327C-B626-49E09DB147FC.dita"><apiname>_LIT</apiname></xref>, <xref href="GUID-44622E86-313E-36B3-9989-3016F8E6E252.dita"><apiname>TBufC16</apiname></xref> with<xref href="GUID-4D64E4B7-6BEE-3900-A115-460FE5B2D79E.dita"><apiname>TBufC</apiname></xref>.</p> <codeblock id="GUID-36DC1901-DE68-539C-8B9C-018D8C4DDBA5" xml:space="preserve">_LIT16(KData,"abcdefg"); |
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177 TBufC16<8> str(KData); |
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178 ... |
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179 str[0]; // returns reference to 'a' |
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180 str[3]; // returns reference to 'd' |
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181 str[7]; // Panics !!</codeblock> </section> |
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182 <section id="GUID-1885CDFC-D55F-596E-9BB4-D4BCB509FEB6"><title>Creating a |
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183 heap descriptor</title> <p>The code fragments show how a heap descriptor is |
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184 created from an existing descriptor using the <xref href="GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23.dita#GUID-440FF2B4-353B-3097-A2BA-5887D10B8B23/GUID-9F44916A-1E89-350C-B831-79AF4D07CB15"><apiname>TDesC16::AllocL()</apiname></xref> member |
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185 function.</p> <p>The behaviour is the same for the build independent variant,<xref href="GUID-52D07F46-2162-380C-A775-C3BB335C42F5.dita"><apiname>TDesC</apiname></xref>, |
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186 replacing <xref href="GUID-B7343D82-C251-3C27-A1E4-79B628F2D593.dita"><apiname>_LIT16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-B47B3E37-4FAC-327C-B626-49E09DB147FC.dita"><apiname>_LIT</apiname></xref>,<xref href="GUID-44622E86-313E-36B3-9989-3016F8E6E252.dita"><apiname>TBufC16</apiname></xref> with<xref href="GUID-4D64E4B7-6BEE-3900-A115-460FE5B2D79E.dita"><apiname>TBufC</apiname></xref> and<xref href="GUID-3D3D9CD7-C8FD-3F81-9CC5-1A71D4F9751E.dita"><apiname>HBufC16</apiname></xref> with <xref href="GUID-A103FB19-60B3-3E45-97A5-1F295934ACA1.dita"><apiname>HBufC</apiname></xref>.</p> <codeblock id="GUID-DDC25AE2-0F9C-54E7-BDF5-0BCD0AA0BE41" xml:space="preserve">_LIT16(KData,"abcdefg"); |
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187 TBufC16<16> str(KData); |
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188 ... |
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189 HBufC16* ptr; |
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190 ... |
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191 ptr = str.AllocL(); //Creates and returns address of |
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192 ... //heap descriptor. The new heap descriptor |
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193 ... //contains a copy of the original data. |
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194 ptr->Length(); //Returns 7; the length of "abcdfeg"</codeblock> </section> |
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195 </conbody><related-links> |
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196 <link href="GUID-7830BAAB-40DD-5E55-84B5-8DCA888E68E7.dita#GUID-7830BAAB-40DD-5E55-84B5-8DCA888E68E7/GUID-235E272D-6F5A-5740-8150-9698C8C8D55D"> |
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197 <linktext>Using TDesC in a function interface</linktext></link> |
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198 </related-links></concept> |