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.\" ========================================================================

.\"

.IX Title "OBJCOPY 1"

.TH OBJCOPY 1 "2008-01-09" "binutils-2.18.50" "GNU Development Tools"

.SH "NAME"

objcopy \- copy and translate object files

.SH "SYNOPSIS"

.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"

objcopy [\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]

        [\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]

        [\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]

        [\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR|\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR]

        [\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR]

        [\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR]

        [\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]

        [\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]

        [\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]

        [\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]

        [\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR]

        [\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]

        [\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]

        [\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]

        [\fB\-w\fR|\fB\-\-wildcard\fR]

        [\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR]

        [\fB\-X\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR]

        [\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR|\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR]

        [\fB\-i\fR \fIinterleave\fR|\fB\-\-interleave=\fR\fIinterleave\fR]

        [\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionname\fR|\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR]

        [\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionname\fR|\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR]

        [\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR]

        [\fB\-\-debugging\fR]

        [\fB\-\-gap\-fill=\fR\fIval\fR]

        [\fB\-\-pad\-to=\fR\fIaddress\fR]

        [\fB\-\-set\-start=\fR\fIval\fR]

        [\fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fR\fIincr\fR]

        [\fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fR\fIincr\fR]

        [\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]

        [\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]

        [\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]

        [\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR] [\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR]

        [\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsection\fR=\fIflags\fR]

        [\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR=\fIfilename\fR]

        [\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR=\fInewname\fR[,\fIflags\fR]]

        [\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR] [\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR]

        [\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR]

        [\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR] [\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR]

        [\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR=\fInew\fR]

        [\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR]

        [\fB\-\-weaken\fR]

        [\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]

        [\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]

        [\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]

        [\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]

        [\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]

        [\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]

        [\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]

        [\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR]

        [\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR]

        [\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]

        [\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]

        [\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR]

        [\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR]

        [\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR]

        [\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR]

        [\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR]

        [\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR]

        [\fB\-\-pure\fR]

        [\fB\-\-impure\fR]

        [\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-verbose\fR]

        [\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]

        [\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-\-info\fR]

        \fIinfile\fR [\fIoutfile\fR]

.SH "DESCRIPTION"

.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"

The \s-1GNU\s0 \fBobjcopy\fR utility copies the contents of an object

file to another.  \fBobjcopy\fR uses the \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1BFD\s0 Library to

read and write the object files.  It can write the destination object

file in a format different from that of the source object file.  The

exact behavior of \fBobjcopy\fR is controlled by command-line options.

Note that \fBobjcopy\fR should be able to copy a fully linked file

between any two formats. However, copying a relocatable object file

between any two formats may not work as expected.

.PP

\&\fBobjcopy\fR creates temporary files to do its translations and

deletes them afterward.  \fBobjcopy\fR uses \s-1BFD\s0 to do all its

translation work; it has access to all the formats described in \s-1BFD\s0

and thus is able to recognize most formats without being told

explicitly.  

.PP

\&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate S\-records by using an output

target of \fBsrec\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O srec\fR).

.PP

\&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an

output target of \fBbinary\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O binary\fR).  When

\&\fBobjcopy\fR generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce

a memory dump of the contents of the input object file.  All symbols and

relocation information will be discarded.  The memory dump will start at

the load address of the lowest section copied into the output file.

.PP

When generating an S\-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to

use \fB\-S\fR to remove sections containing debugging information.  In

some cases \fB\-R\fR will be useful to remove sections which contain

information that is not needed by the binary file.

.PP

Note\-\-\-\fBobjcopy\fR is not able to change the endianness of its input

files.  If the input format has an endianness (some formats do not),

\&\fBobjcopy\fR can only copy the inputs into file formats that have the

same endianness or which have no endianness (e.g., \fBsrec\fR).

(However, see the \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes\fR option.)

.SH "OPTIONS"

.IX Header "OPTIONS"

.IP "\fIinfile\fR" 4

.IX Item "infile"

.PD 0

.IP "\fIoutfile\fR" 4

.IX Item "outfile"

.PD

The input and output files, respectively.

If you do not specify \fIoutfile\fR, \fBobjcopy\fR creates a

temporary file and destructively renames the result with

the name of \fIinfile\fR.

.IP "\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4

.IX Item "-I bfdname"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4

.IX Item "--input-target=bfdname"

.PD

Consider the source file's object format to be \fIbfdname\fR, rather than

attempting to deduce it.  

.IP "\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4

.IX Item "-O bfdname"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4

.IX Item "--output-target=bfdname"

.PD

Write the output file using the object format \fIbfdname\fR.

.IP "\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4

.IX Item "-F bfdname"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4

.IX Item "--target=bfdname"

.PD

Use \fIbfdname\fR as the object format for both the input and the output

file; i.e., simply transfer data from source to destination with no

translation.  

.IP "\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR" 4

.IX Item "-B bfdarch"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR" 4

.IX Item "--binary-architecture=bfdarch"

.PD

Useful when transforming a raw binary input file into an object file.

In this case the output architecture can be set to \fIbfdarch\fR. This

option will be ignored if the input file has a known \fIbfdarch\fR. You

can access this binary data inside a program by referencing the special

symbols that are created by the conversion process.  These symbols are

called _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_start, _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_end and

_binary_\fIobjfile\fR_size.  e.g. you can transform a picture file into

an object file and then access it in your code using these symbols.

.IP "\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionname\fR" 4

.IX Item "-j sectionname"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR" 4

.IX Item "--only-section=sectionname"

.PD

Copy only the named section from the input file to the output file.

This option may be given more than once.  Note that using this option

inappropriately may make the output file unusable.

.IP "\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionname\fR" 4

.IX Item "-R sectionname"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR" 4

.IX Item "--remove-section=sectionname"

.PD

Remove any section named \fIsectionname\fR from the output file.  This

option may be given more than once.  Note that using this option

inappropriately may make the output file unusable.

.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4

.IX Item "-S"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR" 4

.IX Item "--strip-all"

.PD

Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file.

.IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4

.IX Item "-g"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR" 4

.IX Item "--strip-debug"

.PD

Do not copy debugging symbols or sections from the source file.

.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR" 4

.IX Item "--strip-unneeded"

Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing.

.IP "\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4

.IX Item "-K symbolname"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4

.IX Item "--keep-symbol=symbolname"

.PD

When stripping symbols, keep symbol \fIsymbolname\fR even if it would

normally be stripped.  This option may be given more than once.

.IP "\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4

.IX Item "-N symbolname"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4

.IX Item "--strip-symbol=symbolname"

.PD

Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file.  This option

may be given more than once.

.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4

.IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbol=symbolname"

Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file unless it is needed

by a relocation.  This option may be given more than once.

.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4

.IX Item "-G symbolname"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4

.IX Item "--keep-global-symbol=symbolname"

.PD

Keep only symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global.  Make all other symbols local

to the file, so that they are not visible externally.  This option may

be given more than once.

.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR" 4

.IX Item "--localize-hidden"

In an \s-1ELF\s0 object, mark all symbols that have hidden or internal visibility

as local.  This option applies on top of symbol-specific localization options

such as \fB\-L\fR.

.IP "\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4

.IX Item "-L symbolname"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4

.IX Item "--localize-symbol=symbolname"

.PD

Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR local to the file, so that it is not

visible externally.  This option may be given more than once.

.IP "\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4

.IX Item "-W symbolname"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4

.IX Item "--weaken-symbol=symbolname"

.PD

Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR weak. This option may be given more than once.

.IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4

.IX Item "--globalize-symbol=symbolname"

Give symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global scoping so that it is visible

outside of the file in which it is defined.  This option may be given

more than once.

.IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4

.IX Item "-w"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-wildcard\fR" 4

.IX Item "--wildcard"

.PD

Permit regular expressions in \fIsymbolname\fRs used in other command

line options.  The question mark (?), asterisk (*), backslash (\e) and

square brackets ([]) operators can be used anywhere in the symbol

name.  If the first character of the symbol name is the exclamation

point (!) then the sense of the switch is reversed for that symbol.

For example:

.Sp

.Vb 1

\&          -w -W !foo -W fo*

.Ve

.Sp

would cause objcopy to weaken all symbols that start with \*(L"fo\*(R"

except for the symbol \*(L"foo\*(R".

.IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4

.IX Item "-x"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR" 4

.IX Item "--discard-all"

.PD

Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file.

.IP "\fB\-X\fR" 4

.IX Item "-X"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR" 4

.IX Item "--discard-locals"

.PD

Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols.

(These usually start with \fBL\fR or \fB.\fR.)

.IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR" 4

.IX Item "-b byte"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR" 4

.IX Item "--byte=byte"

.PD

Keep only every \fIbyte\fRth byte of the input file (header data is not

affected).  \fIbyte\fR can be in the range from 0 to \fIinterleave\fR\-1,

where \fIinterleave\fR is given by the \fB\-i\fR or \fB\-\-interleave\fR

option, or the default of 4.  This option is useful for creating files

to program \s-1ROM\s0.  It is typically used with an \f(CW\*(C`srec\*(C'\fR output

target.

.IP "\fB\-i\fR \fIinterleave\fR" 4

.IX Item "-i interleave"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-interleave=\fR\fIinterleave\fR" 4

.IX Item "--interleave=interleave"

.PD

Only copy one out of every \fIinterleave\fR bytes.  Select which byte to

copy with the \fB\-b\fR or \fB\-\-byte\fR option.  The default is 4.

\&\fBobjcopy\fR ignores this option if you do not specify either \fB\-b\fR or

\&\fB\-\-byte\fR.

.IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4

.IX Item "-p"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR" 4

.IX Item "--preserve-dates"

.PD

Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same

as those of the input file.

.IP "\fB\-\-debugging\fR" 4

.IX Item "--debugging"

Convert debugging information, if possible.  This is not the default

because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the

conversion process can be time consuming.

.IP "\fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR \fIval\fR" 4

.IX Item "--gap-fill val"

Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fR.  This operation applies to

the \fIload address\fR (\s-1LMA\s0) of the sections.  It is done by increasing

the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra

space created with \fIval\fR.

.IP "\fB\-\-pad\-to\fR \fIaddress\fR" 4

.IX Item "--pad-to address"

Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fR.  This is

done by increasing the size of the last section.  The extra space is

filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR (default zero).

.IP "\fB\-\-set\-start\fR \fIval\fR" 4

.IX Item "--set-start val"

Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fR.  Not all object file

formats support setting the start address.

.IP "\fB\-\-change\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4

.IX Item "--change-start incr"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4

.IX Item "--adjust-start incr"

.PD

Change the start address by adding \fIincr\fR.  Not all object file

formats support setting the start address.

.IP "\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR \fIincr\fR" 4

.IX Item "--change-addresses incr"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-vma\fR \fIincr\fR" 4

.IX Item "--adjust-vma incr"

.PD

Change the \s-1VMA\s0 and \s-1LMA\s0 addresses of all sections, as well as the start

address, by adding \fIincr\fR.  Some object file formats do not permit

section addresses to be changed arbitrarily.  Note that this does not

relocate the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a

certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such

that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail.

.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4

.IX Item "--change-section-address section{=,+,-}val"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4

.IX Item "--adjust-section-vma section{=,+,-}val"

.PD

Set or change both the \s-1VMA\s0 address and the \s-1LMA\s0 address of the named

\&\fIsection\fR.  If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to

\&\fIval\fR.  Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the

section address.  See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR,

above. If \fIsection\fR does not exist in the input file, a warning will

be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.

.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4

.IX Item "--change-section-lma section{=,+,-}val"

Set or change the \s-1LMA\s0 address of the named \fIsection\fR.  The \s-1LMA\s0

address is the address where the section will be loaded into memory at

program load time.  Normally this is the same as the \s-1VMA\s0 address, which

is the address of the section at program run time, but on some systems,

especially those where a program is held in \s-1ROM\s0, the two can be

different.  If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to

\&\fIval\fR.  Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the

section address.  See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR,

above.  If \fIsection\fR does not exist in the input file, a warning

will be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.

.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4

.IX Item "--change-section-vma section{=,+,-}val"

Set or change the \s-1VMA\s0 address of the named \fIsection\fR.  The \s-1VMA\s0

address is the address where the section will be located once the

program has started executing.  Normally this is the same as the \s-1LMA\s0

address, which is the address where the section will be loaded into

memory, but on some systems, especially those where a program is held in

\&\s-1ROM\s0, the two can be different.  If \fB=\fR is used, the section address

is set to \fIval\fR.  Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted

from the section address.  See the comments under

\&\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR, above.  If \fIsection\fR does not exist in

the input file, a warning will be issued, unless

\&\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.

.IP "\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR" 4

.IX Item "--change-warnings"

.PD 0

.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4

.IX Item "--adjust-warnings"

.PD

If \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR or

\&\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR is used, and the named section does not

exist, issue a warning.  This is the default.

.IP "\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR" 4

.IX Item "--no-change-warnings"

.PD 0