diff -r 000000000000 -r 76b1f169d9fe mingw-5.1.4/win32/man/man1/g++.1 --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/mingw-5.1.4/win32/man/man1/g++.1 Fri Apr 03 17:16:45 2009 +0100 @@ -0,0 +1,10714 @@ +.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man version 1.15 +.\" Wed Jan 18 01:53:37 2006 +.\" +.\" Standard preamble: +.\" ====================================================================== +.de Sh \" Subsection heading +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text +.ft CW +.nf +.ne \\$1 +.. +.de Ve \" End verbatim text +.ft R + +.fi +.. +.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will +.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left +.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. | will give a +.\" real vertical bar. \*(C+ will give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used +.\" to do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available. \*(C` and +.\" \*(C' expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<> +.tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr +.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' +.ie n \{\ +. ds -- \(*W- +. ds PI pi +. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch +. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch +. ds L" "" +. ds R" "" +. ds C` "" +. ds C' "" +'br\} +.el\{\ +. ds -- \|\(em\| +. ds PI \(*p +. ds L" `` +. ds R" '' +'br\} +.\" +.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr +.\" for titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and +.\" index entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process +.\" the output yourself in some meaningful fashion. +.if \nF \{\ +. de IX +. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" +.. +. nr % 0 +. rr F +.\} +.\" +.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it +.\" makes way too many mistakes in technical documents. +.hy 0 +.if n .na +.\" +.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2). +.\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts. +.bd B 3 +. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff +.if n \{\ +. ds #H 0 +. ds #V .8m +. ds #F .3m +. ds #[ \f1 +. ds #] \fP +.\} +.if t \{\ +. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m) +. ds #V .6m +. ds #F 0 +. ds #[ \& +. ds #] \& +.\} +. \" simple accents for nroff and troff +.if n \{\ +. ds ' \& +. ds ` \& +. ds ^ \& +. ds , \& +. ds ~ ~ +. ds / +.\} +.if t \{\ +. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u" +. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u' +. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u' +. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u' +. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u' +. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u' +.\} +. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents +.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V' +.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H' +.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#] +.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H' +.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u' +.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#] +.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#] +.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e +.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E +. \" corrections for vroff +.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u' +.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u' +. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr) +.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \ +\{\ +. ds : e +. ds 8 ss +. ds o a +. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga +. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy +. ds th \o'bp' +. ds Th \o'LP' +. ds ae ae +. ds Ae AE +.\} +.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C +.\" ====================================================================== +.\" +.IX Title "GCC 1" +.TH GCC 1 "gcc-3.4.5" "2006-01-18" "GNU" +.UC +.SH "NAME" +gcc \- \s-1GNU\s0 project C and \*(C+ compiler +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.IX Header "SYNOPSIS" +gcc [\fB\-c\fR|\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-E\fR] [\fB\-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR] + [\fB\-g\fR] [\fB\-pg\fR] [\fB\-O\fR\fIlevel\fR] + [\fB\-W\fR\fIwarn\fR...] [\fB\-pedantic\fR] + [\fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR...] [\fB\-L\fR\fIdir\fR...] + [\fB\-D\fR\fImacro\fR[=\fIdefn\fR]...] [\fB\-U\fR\fImacro\fR] + [\fB\-f\fR\fIoption\fR...] [\fB\-m\fR\fImachine-option\fR...] + [\fB\-o\fR \fIoutfile\fR] \fIinfile\fR... +.PP +Only the most useful options are listed here; see below for the +remainder. \fBg++\fR accepts mostly the same options as \fBgcc\fR. +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.IX Header "DESCRIPTION" +When you invoke \s-1GCC\s0, it normally does preprocessing, compilation, +assembly and linking. The ``overall options'' allow you to stop this +process at an intermediate stage. For example, the \fB\-c\fR option +says not to run the linker. Then the output consists of object files +output by the assembler. +.PP +Other options are passed on to one stage of processing. Some options +control the preprocessor and others the compiler itself. Yet other +options control the assembler and linker; most of these are not +documented here, since you rarely need to use any of them. +.PP +Most of the command line options that you can use with \s-1GCC\s0 are useful +for C programs; when an option is only useful with another language +(usually \*(C+), the explanation says so explicitly. If the description +for a particular option does not mention a source language, you can use +that option with all supported languages. +.PP +The \fBgcc\fR program accepts options and file names as operands. Many +options have multi-letter names; therefore multiple single-letter options +may \fInot\fR be grouped: \fB\-dr\fR is very different from \fB\-d\ \-r\fR. +.PP +You can mix options and other arguments. For the most part, the order +you use doesn't matter. Order does matter when you use several options +of the same kind; for example, if you specify \fB\-L\fR more than once, +the directories are searched in the order specified. +.PP +Many options have long names starting with \fB\-f\fR or with +\&\fB\-W\fR\-\-\-for example, \fB\-fforce-mem\fR, +\&\fB\-fstrength-reduce\fR, \fB\-Wformat\fR and so on. Most of +these have both positive and negative forms; the negative form of +\&\fB\-ffoo\fR would be \fB\-fno-foo\fR. This manual documents +only one of these two forms, whichever one is not the default. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.IX Header "OPTIONS" +.Sh "Option Summary" +.IX Subsection "Option Summary" +Here is a summary of all the options, grouped by type. Explanations are +in the following sections. +.Ip "\fIOverall Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item "Overall Options" +\&\fB\-c \-S \-E \-o\fR \fIfile\fR \fB\-pipe \-pass-exit-codes +\&\-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR \fB\-v \-### \-\-help \-\-target-help \-\-version\fR +.Ip "\fIC Language Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item "C Language Options" +\&\fB\-ansi \-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR \fB\-aux-info\fR \fIfilename\fR +\&\fB\-fno-asm \-fno-builtin \-fno-builtin-\fR\fIfunction\fR +\&\fB\-fhosted \-ffreestanding \-fms-extensions +\&\-trigraphs \-no-integrated-cpp \-traditional \-traditional-cpp +\&\-fallow-single-precision \-fcond-mismatch +\&\-fsigned-bitfields \-fsigned-char +\&\-funsigned-bitfields \-funsigned-char +\&\-fwritable-strings\fR +.Ip "\fI\*(C+ Language Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item " Language Options" +\&\fB\-fabi-version=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-fno-access-control \-fcheck-new +\&\-fconserve-space \-fno-const-strings +\&\-fno-elide-constructors +\&\-fno-enforce-eh-specs +\&\-ffor-scope \-fno-for-scope \-fno-gnu-keywords +\&\-fno-implicit-templates +\&\-fno-implicit-inline-templates +\&\-fno-implement-inlines \-fms-extensions +\&\-fno-nonansi-builtins \-fno-operator-names +\&\-fno-optional-diags \-fpermissive +\&\-frepo \-fno-rtti \-fstats \-ftemplate-depth-\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-fuse-cxa-atexit \-fno-weak \-nostdinc++ +\&\-fno-default-inline \-Wabi \-Wctor-dtor-privacy +\&\-Wnon-virtual-dtor \-Wreorder +\&\-Weffc++ \-Wno-deprecated +\&\-Wno-non-template-friend \-Wold-style-cast +\&\-Woverloaded-virtual \-Wno-pmf-conversions +\&\-Wsign-promo\fR +.Ip "\fIObjective-C Language Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item "Objective-C Language Options" +\&\fB\-fconstant-string-class=\fR\fIclass-name\fR +\&\fB\-fgnu-runtime \-fnext-runtime +\&\-fno-nil-receivers +\&\-fobjc-exceptions +\&\-freplace-objc-classes +\&\-fzero-link +\&\-gen-decls +\&\-Wno-protocol \-Wselector \-Wundeclared-selector\fR +.Ip "\fILanguage Independent Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item "Language Independent Options" +\&\fB\-fmessage-length=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-fdiagnostics-show-location=\fR[\fBonce\fR|\fBevery-line\fR] +.Ip "\fIWarning Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item "Warning Options" +\&\fB\-fsyntax-only \-pedantic \-pedantic-errors +\&\-w \-Wextra \-Wall \-Waggregate-return +\&\-Wcast-align \-Wcast-qual \-Wchar-subscripts \-Wcomment +\&\-Wconversion \-Wno-deprecated-declarations +\&\-Wdisabled-optimization \-Wno-div-by-zero \-Wendif-labels +\&\-Werror \-Werror-implicit-function-declaration +\&\-Wfloat-equal \-Wformat \-Wformat=2 +\&\-Wno-format-extra-args \-Wformat-nonliteral +\&\-Wformat-security \-Wformat-y2k +\&\-Wimplicit \-Wimplicit-function-declaration \-Wimplicit-int +\&\-Wimport \-Wno-import \-Winit-self \-Winline +\&\-Wno-invalid-offsetof \-Winvalid-pch +\&\-Wlarger-than-\fR\fIlen\fR \fB\-Wlong-long +\&\-Wmain \-Wmissing-braces +\&\-Wmissing-format-attribute \-Wmissing-noreturn +\&\-Wno-multichar \-Wnonnull \-Wpacked \-Wpadded +\&\-Wparentheses \-Wpointer-arith \-Wredundant-decls +\&\-Wreturn-type \-Wsequence-point \-Wshadow +\&\-Wsign-compare \-Wstrict-aliasing +\&\-Wswitch \-Wswitch-default \-Wswitch-enum +\&\-Wsystem-headers \-Wtrigraphs \-Wundef \-Wuninitialized +\&\-Wunknown-pragmas \-Wunreachable-code +\&\-Wunused \-Wunused-function \-Wunused-label \-Wunused-parameter +\&\-Wunused-value \-Wunused-variable \-Wwrite-strings\fR +.Ip "\fIC-only Warning Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item "C-only Warning Options" +\&\fB\-Wbad-function-cast \-Wmissing-declarations +\&\-Wmissing-prototypes \-Wnested-externs \-Wold-style-definition +\&\-Wstrict-prototypes \-Wtraditional +\&\-Wdeclaration-after-statement\fR +.Ip "\fIDebugging Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item "Debugging Options" +\&\fB\-d\fR\fIletters\fR \fB\-dumpspecs \-dumpmachine \-dumpversion +\&\-fdump-unnumbered \-fdump-translation-unit\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR] +\&\fB\-fdump-class-hierarchy\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR] +\&\fB\-fdump-tree-original\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR] +\&\fB\-fdump-tree-optimized\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR] +\&\fB\-fdump-tree-inlined\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR] +\&\fB\-feliminate-dwarf2\-dups \-feliminate-unused-debug-types +\&\-feliminate-unused-debug-symbols \-fmem-report \-fprofile-arcs +\&\-frandom-seed=\fR\fIstring\fR \fB\-fsched-verbose=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-ftest-coverage \-ftime-report +\&\-g \-g\fR\fIlevel\fR \fB\-gcoff \-gdwarf-2 +\&\-ggdb \-gstabs \-gstabs+ \-gvms \-gxcoff \-gxcoff+ +\&\-p \-pg \-print-file-name=\fR\fIlibrary\fR \fB\-print-libgcc-file-name +\&\-print-multi-directory \-print-multi-lib +\&\-print-prog-name=\fR\fIprogram\fR \fB\-print-search-dirs \-Q +\&\-save-temps \-time\fR +.Ip "\fIOptimization Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item "Optimization Options" +\&\fB\-falign-functions=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-falign-jumps=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-falign-labels=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-falign-loops=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-fbranch-probabilities \-fprofile-values \-fvpt \-fbranch-target-load-optimize +\&\-fbranch-target-load-optimize2 \-fcaller-saves \-fcprop-registers +\&\-fcse-follow-jumps \-fcse-skip-blocks \-fdata-sections +\&\-fdelayed-branch \-fdelete-null-pointer-checks +\&\-fexpensive-optimizations \-ffast-math \-ffloat-store +\&\-fforce-addr \-fforce-mem \-ffunction-sections +\&\-fgcse \-fgcse-lm \-fgcse-sm \-fgcse-las \-floop-optimize +\&\-fcrossjumping \-fif-conversion \-fif-conversion2 +\&\-finline-functions \-finline-limit=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-fkeep-inline-functions +\&\-fkeep-static-consts \-fmerge-constants \-fmerge-all-constants +\&\-fmove-all-movables \-fnew-ra \-fno-branch-count-reg +\&\-fno-default-inline \-fno-defer-pop +\&\-fno-function-cse \-fno-guess-branch-probability +\&\-fno-inline \-fno-math-errno \-fno-peephole \-fno-peephole2 +\&\-funsafe-math-optimizations \-ffinite-math-only +\&\-fno-trapping-math \-fno-zero-initialized-in-bss +\&\-fomit-frame-pointer \-foptimize-register-move +\&\-foptimize-sibling-calls \-fprefetch-loop-arrays +\&\-fprofile-generate \-fprofile-use +\&\-freduce-all-givs \-fregmove \-frename-registers +\&\-freorder-blocks \-freorder-functions +\&\-frerun-cse-after-loop \-frerun-loop-opt +\&\-frounding-math \-fschedule-insns \-fschedule-insns2 +\&\-fno-sched-interblock \-fno-sched-spec \-fsched-spec-load +\&\-fsched-spec-load-dangerous +\&\-fsched-stalled-insns=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-sched-stalled-insns-dep=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-fsched2\-use-superblocks +\&\-fsched2\-use-traces \-fsignaling-nans +\&\-fsingle-precision-constant +\&\-fstrength-reduce \-fstrict-aliasing \-ftracer \-fthread-jumps +\&\-funroll-all-loops \-funroll-loops \-fpeel-loops +\&\-funswitch-loops \-fold-unroll-loops \-fold-unroll-all-loops +\&\-\-param\fR \fIname\fR\fB=\fR\fIvalue\fR +\&\fB\-O \-O0 \-O1 \-O2 \-O3 \-Os\fR +.Ip "\fIPreprocessor Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item "Preprocessor Options" +\&\fB\-A\fR\fIquestion\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR +\&\fB\-A-\fR\fIquestion\fR[\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR] +\&\fB\-C \-dD \-dI \-dM \-dN +\&\-D\fR\fImacro\fR[\fB=\fR\fIdefn\fR] \fB\-E \-H +\&\-idirafter\fR \fIdir\fR +\&\fB\-include\fR \fIfile\fR \fB\-imacros\fR \fIfile\fR +\&\fB\-iprefix\fR \fIfile\fR \fB\-iwithprefix\fR \fIdir\fR +\&\fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR \fIdir\fR \fB\-isystem\fR \fIdir\fR +\&\fB\-M \-MM \-MF \-MG \-MP \-MQ \-MT \-nostdinc +\&\-P \-fworking-directory \-remap +\&\-trigraphs \-undef \-U\fR\fImacro\fR \fB\-Wp,\fR\fIoption\fR +\&\fB\-Xpreprocessor\fR \fIoption\fR +.Ip "\fIAssembler Option\fR" 4 +.IX Item "Assembler Option" +\&\fB\-Wa,\fR\fIoption\fR \fB\-Xassembler\fR \fIoption\fR +.Ip "\fILinker Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item "Linker Options" +\&\fIobject-file-name\fR \fB\-l\fR\fIlibrary\fR +\&\fB\-nostartfiles \-nodefaultlibs \-nostdlib \-pie +\&\-s \-static \-static-libgcc \-shared \-shared-libgcc \-symbolic +\&\-Wl,\fR\fIoption\fR \fB\-Xlinker\fR \fIoption\fR +\&\fB\-u\fR \fIsymbol\fR +.Ip "\fIDirectory Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item "Directory Options" +\&\fB\-B\fR\fIprefix\fR \fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR \fB\-I- \-L\fR\fIdir\fR \fB\-specs=\fR\fIfile\fR +.Ip "\fITarget Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item "Target Options" +\&\fB\-V\fR \fIversion\fR \fB\-b\fR \fImachine\fR +.Ip "\fIMachine Dependent Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item "Machine Dependent Options" +\&\fIM680x0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-m68000 \-m68020 \-m68020\-40 \-m68020\-60 \-m68030 \-m68040 +\&\-m68060 \-mcpu32 \-m5200 \-m68881 \-mbitfield \-mc68000 \-mc68020 +\&\-mnobitfield \-mrtd \-mshort \-msoft-float \-mpcrel +\&\-malign-int \-mstrict-align \-msep-data \-mno-sep-data +\&\-mshared-library-id=n \-mid-shared-library \-mno-id-shared-library\fR +.Sp +\&\fIM68hc1x Options\fR +\&\fB\-m6811 \-m6812 \-m68hc11 \-m68hc12 \-m68hcs12 +\&\-mauto-incdec \-minmax \-mlong-calls \-mshort +\&\-msoft-reg-count=\fR\fIcount\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1VAX\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mg \-mgnu \-munix\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1SPARC\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR +\&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR +\&\fB\-mcmodel=\fR\fIcode-model\fR +\&\fB\-m32 \-m64 \-mapp-regs \-mno-app-regs +\&\-mfaster-structs \-mno-faster-structs +\&\-mflat \-mno-flat \-mfpu \-mno-fpu +\&\-mhard-float \-msoft-float +\&\-mhard-quad-float \-msoft-quad-float +\&\-mimpure-text \-mno-impure-text \-mlittle-endian +\&\-mstack-bias \-mno-stack-bias +\&\-munaligned-doubles \-mno-unaligned-doubles +\&\-mv8plus \-mno-v8plus \-mvis \-mno-vis +\&\-mcypress \-mf930 \-mf934 +\&\-msparclite \-msupersparc \-mv8 +\&\-threads \-pthreads\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1ARM\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mapcs-frame \-mno-apcs-frame +\&\-mapcs-26 \-mapcs-32 +\&\-mapcs-stack-check \-mno-apcs-stack-check +\&\-mapcs-float \-mno-apcs-float +\&\-mapcs-reentrant \-mno-apcs-reentrant +\&\-msched-prolog \-mno-sched-prolog +\&\-mlittle-endian \-mbig-endian \-mwords-little-endian +\&\-malignment-traps \-mno-alignment-traps +\&\-msoft-float \-mhard-float \-mfpe +\&\-mthumb-interwork \-mno-thumb-interwork +\&\-mcpu=\fR\fIname\fR \fB\-march=\fR\fIname\fR \fB\-mfpe=\fR\fIname\fR +\&\fB\-mstructure-size-boundary=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-mabort-on-noreturn +\&\-mlong-calls \-mno-long-calls +\&\-msingle-pic-base \-mno-single-pic-base +\&\-mpic-register=\fR\fIreg\fR +\&\fB\-mnop-fun-dllimport +\&\-mcirrus-fix-invalid-insns \-mno-cirrus-fix-invalid-insns +\&\-mpoke-function-name +\&\-mthumb \-marm +\&\-mtpcs-frame \-mtpcs-leaf-frame +\&\-mcaller-super-interworking \-mcallee-super-interworking\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1MN10300\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mmult-bug \-mno-mult-bug +\&\-mam33 \-mno-am33 +\&\-mam33\-2 \-mno-am33\-2 +\&\-mno-crt0 \-mrelax\fR +.Sp +\&\fIM32R/D Options\fR +\&\fB\-m32r2 \-m32rx \-m32r +\&\-mdebug +\&\-malign-loops \-mno-align-loops +\&\-missue-rate=\fR\fInumber\fR +\&\fB\-mbranch-cost=\fR\fInumber\fR +\&\fB\-mmodel=\fR\fIcode-size-model-type\fR +\&\fB\-msdata=\fR\fIsdata-type\fR +\&\fB\-mno-flush-func \-mflush-func=\fR\fIname\fR +\&\fB\-mno-flush-trap \-mflush-trap=\fR\fInumber\fR +\&\fB\-G\fR \fInum\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1RS/6000\s0 and PowerPC Options\fR +\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR +\&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR +\&\fB\-mpower \-mno-power \-mpower2 \-mno-power2 +\&\-mpowerpc \-mpowerpc64 \-mno-powerpc +\&\-maltivec \-mno-altivec +\&\-mpowerpc-gpopt \-mno-powerpc-gpopt +\&\-mpowerpc-gfxopt \-mno-powerpc-gfxopt +\&\-mnew-mnemonics \-mold-mnemonics +\&\-mfull-toc \-mminimal-toc \-mno-fp-in-toc \-mno-sum-in-toc +\&\-m64 \-m32 \-mxl-compat \-mno-xl-compat \-mpe +\&\-malign-power \-malign-natural +\&\-msoft-float \-mhard-float \-mmultiple \-mno-multiple +\&\-mstring \-mno-string \-mupdate \-mno-update +\&\-mfused-madd \-mno-fused-madd \-mbit-align \-mno-bit-align +\&\-mstrict-align \-mno-strict-align \-mrelocatable +\&\-mno-relocatable \-mrelocatable-lib \-mno-relocatable-lib +\&\-mtoc \-mno-toc \-mlittle \-mlittle-endian \-mbig \-mbig-endian +\&\-mdynamic-no-pic +\&\-mprioritize-restricted-insns=\fR\fIpriority\fR +\&\fB\-msched-costly-dep=\fR\fIdependence_type\fR +\&\fB\-minsert-sched-nops=\fR\fIscheme\fR +\&\fB\-mcall-sysv \-mcall-netbsd +\&\-maix-struct-return \-msvr4\-struct-return +\&\-mabi=altivec \-mabi=no-altivec +\&\-mabi=spe \-mabi=no-spe +\&\-misel=yes \-misel=no +\&\-mspe=yes \-mspe=no +\&\-mfloat-gprs=yes \-mfloat-gprs=no +\&\-mprototype \-mno-prototype +\&\-msim \-mmvme \-mads \-myellowknife \-memb \-msdata +\&\-msdata=\fR\fIopt\fR \fB\-mvxworks \-mwindiss \-G\fR \fInum\fR \fB\-pthread\fR +.Sp +\&\fIDarwin Options\fR +\&\fB\-all_load \-allowable_client \-arch \-arch_errors_fatal +\&\-arch_only \-bind_at_load \-bundle \-bundle_loader +\&\-client_name \-compatibility_version \-current_version +\&\-dependency-file \-dylib_file \-dylinker_install_name +\&\-dynamic \-dynamiclib \-exported_symbols_list +\&\-filelist \-flat_namespace \-force_cpusubtype_ALL +\&\-force_flat_namespace \-headerpad_max_install_names +\&\-image_base \-init \-install_name \-keep_private_externs +\&\-multi_module \-multiply_defined \-multiply_defined_unused +\&\-noall_load \-nofixprebinding \-nomultidefs \-noprebind \-noseglinkedit +\&\-pagezero_size \-prebind \-prebind_all_twolevel_modules +\&\-private_bundle \-read_only_relocs \-sectalign +\&\-sectobjectsymbols \-whyload \-seg1addr +\&\-sectcreate \-sectobjectsymbols \-sectorder +\&\-seg_addr_table \-seg_addr_table_filename \-seglinkedit +\&\-segprot \-segs_read_only_addr \-segs_read_write_addr +\&\-single_module \-static \-sub_library \-sub_umbrella +\&\-twolevel_namespace \-umbrella \-undefined +\&\-unexported_symbols_list \-weak_reference_mismatches +\&\-whatsloaded\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1MIPS\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-EL \-EB \-march=\fR\fIarch\fR \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIarch\fR +\&\fB\-mips1 \-mips2 \-mips3 \-mips4 \-mips32 \-mips32r2 \-mips64 +\&\-mips16 \-mno-mips16 \-mabi=\fR\fIabi\fR \fB\-mabicalls \-mno-abicalls +\&\-mxgot \-mno-xgot \-membedded-pic \-mno-embedded-pic +\&\-mgp32 \-mgp64 \-mfp32 \-mfp64 \-mhard-float \-msoft-float +\&\-msingle-float \-mdouble-float \-mint64 \-mlong64 \-mlong32 +\&\-G\fR\fInum\fR \fB\-membedded-data \-mno-embedded-data +\&\-muninit-const-in-rodata \-mno-uninit-const-in-rodata +\&\-msplit-addresses \-mno-split-addresses +\&\-mexplicit-relocs \-mno-explicit-relocs +\&\-mrnames \-mno-rnames +\&\-mcheck-zero-division \-mno-check-zero-division +\&\-mmemcpy \-mno-memcpy \-mlong-calls \-mno-long-calls +\&\-mmad \-mno-mad \-mfused-madd \-mno-fused-madd \-nocpp +\&\-mfix-sb1 \-mno-fix-sb1 \-mflush-func=\fR\fIfunc\fR +\&\fB\-mno-flush-func \-mbranch-likely \-mno-branch-likely\fR +.Sp +\&\fIi386 and x86\-64 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR +\&\fB\-mfpmath=\fR\fIunit\fR +\&\fB\-masm=\fR\fIdialect\fR \fB\-mno-fancy-math-387 +\&\-mno-fp-ret-in-387 \-msoft-float \-msvr3\-shlib +\&\-mno-wide-multiply \-mrtd \-malign-double +\&\-mpreferred-stack-boundary=\fR\fInum\fR +\&\fB\-mmmx \-msse \-msse2 \-msse3 \-m3dnow +\&\-mthreads \-mno-align-stringops \-minline-all-stringops +\&\-mpush-args \-maccumulate-outgoing-args \-m128bit-long-double +\&\-m96bit-long-double \-mregparm=\fR\fInum\fR \fB\-momit-leaf-frame-pointer +\&\-mno-red-zone \-mno-tls-direct-seg-refs +\&\-mcmodel=\fR\fIcode-model\fR +\&\fB\-m32 \-m64 \-mstack-arg-probe\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1HPPA\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-march=\fR\fIarchitecture-type\fR +\&\fB\-mbig-switch \-mdisable-fpregs \-mdisable-indexing +\&\-mfast-indirect-calls \-mgas \-mgnu-ld \-mhp-ld +\&\-mjump-in-delay \-mlinker-opt \-mlong-calls +\&\-mlong-load-store \-mno-big-switch \-mno-disable-fpregs +\&\-mno-disable-indexing \-mno-fast-indirect-calls \-mno-gas +\&\-mno-jump-in-delay \-mno-long-load-store +\&\-mno-portable-runtime \-mno-soft-float +\&\-mno-space-regs \-msoft-float \-mpa-risc-1\-0 +\&\-mpa-risc-1\-1 \-mpa-risc-2\-0 \-mportable-runtime +\&\-mschedule=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-mspace-regs \-msio \-mwsio +\&\-nolibdld \-static \-threads\fR +.Sp +\&\fIIntel 960 Options\fR +\&\fB\-m\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-masm-compat \-mclean-linkage +\&\-mcode-align \-mcomplex-addr \-mleaf-procedures +\&\-mic-compat \-mic2.0\-compat \-mic3.0\-compat +\&\-mintel-asm \-mno-clean-linkage \-mno-code-align +\&\-mno-complex-addr \-mno-leaf-procedures +\&\-mno-old-align \-mno-strict-align \-mno-tail-call +\&\-mnumerics \-mold-align \-msoft-float \-mstrict-align +\&\-mtail-call\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1DEC\s0 Alpha Options\fR +\&\fB\-mno-fp-regs \-msoft-float \-malpha-as \-mgas +\&\-mieee \-mieee-with-inexact \-mieee-conformant +\&\-mfp-trap-mode=\fR\fImode\fR \fB\-mfp-rounding-mode=\fR\fImode\fR +\&\fB\-mtrap-precision=\fR\fImode\fR \fB\-mbuild-constants +\&\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR +\&\fB\-mbwx \-mmax \-mfix \-mcix +\&\-mfloat-vax \-mfloat-ieee +\&\-mexplicit-relocs \-msmall-data \-mlarge-data +\&\-msmall-text \-mlarge-text +\&\-mmemory-latency=\fR\fItime\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1DEC\s0 Alpha/VMS Options\fR +\&\fB\-mvms-return-codes\fR +.Sp +\&\fIH8/300 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mrelax \-mh \-ms \-mn \-mint32 \-malign-300\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1SH\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-m1 \-m2 \-m2e \-m3 \-m3e +\&\-m4\-nofpu \-m4\-single-only \-m4\-single \-m4 +\&\-m5\-64media \-m5\-64media-nofpu +\&\-m5\-32media \-m5\-32media-nofpu +\&\-m5\-compact \-m5\-compact-nofpu +\&\-mb \-ml \-mdalign \-mrelax +\&\-mbigtable \-mfmovd \-mhitachi \-mnomacsave +\&\-mieee \-misize \-mpadstruct \-mspace +\&\-mprefergot \-musermode\fR +.Sp +\&\fISystem V Options\fR +\&\fB\-Qy \-Qn \-YP,\fR\fIpaths\fR \fB\-Ym,\fR\fIdir\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1ARC\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-EB \-EL +\&\-mmangle-cpu \-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR \fB\-mtext=\fR\fItext-section\fR +\&\fB\-mdata=\fR\fIdata-section\fR \fB\-mrodata=\fR\fIreadonly-data-section\fR +.Sp +\&\fITMS320C3x/C4x Options\fR +\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR \fB\-mbig \-msmall \-mregparm \-mmemparm +\&\-mfast-fix \-mmpyi \-mbk \-mti \-mdp-isr-reload +\&\-mrpts=\fR\fIcount\fR \fB\-mrptb \-mdb \-mloop-unsigned +\&\-mparallel-insns \-mparallel-mpy \-mpreserve-float\fR +.Sp +\&\fIV850 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mlong-calls \-mno-long-calls \-mep \-mno-ep +\&\-mprolog-function \-mno-prolog-function \-mspace +\&\-mtda=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-msda=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-mzda=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-mapp-regs \-mno-app-regs +\&\-mdisable-callt \-mno-disable-callt +\&\-mv850e1 +\&\-mv850e +\&\-mv850 \-mbig-switch\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1NS32K\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-m32032 \-m32332 \-m32532 \-m32081 \-m32381 +\&\-mmult-add \-mnomult-add \-msoft-float \-mrtd \-mnortd +\&\-mregparam \-mnoregparam \-msb \-mnosb +\&\-mbitfield \-mnobitfield \-mhimem \-mnohimem\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1AVR\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mmcu=\fR\fImcu\fR \fB\-msize \-minit-stack=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-mno-interrupts +\&\-mcall-prologues \-mno-tablejump \-mtiny-stack\fR +.Sp +\&\fIMCore Options\fR +\&\fB\-mhardlit \-mno-hardlit \-mdiv \-mno-div \-mrelax-immediates +\&\-mno-relax-immediates \-mwide-bitfields \-mno-wide-bitfields +\&\-m4byte-functions \-mno-4byte-functions \-mcallgraph-data +\&\-mno-callgraph-data \-mslow-bytes \-mno-slow-bytes \-mno-lsim +\&\-mlittle-endian \-mbig-endian \-m210 \-m340 \-mstack-increment\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1MMIX\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mlibfuncs \-mno-libfuncs \-mepsilon \-mno-epsilon \-mabi=gnu +\&\-mabi=mmixware \-mzero-extend \-mknuthdiv \-mtoplevel-symbols +\&\-melf \-mbranch-predict \-mno-branch-predict \-mbase-addresses +\&\-mno-base-addresses \-msingle-exit \-mno-single-exit\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1IA-64\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mbig-endian \-mlittle-endian \-mgnu-as \-mgnu-ld \-mno-pic +\&\-mvolatile-asm-stop \-mb-step \-mregister-names \-mno-sdata +\&\-mconstant-gp \-mauto-pic \-minline-float-divide-min-latency +\&\-minline-float-divide-max-throughput +\&\-minline-int-divide-min-latency +\&\-minline-int-divide-max-throughput +\&\-minline-sqrt-min-latency \-minline-sqrt-max-throughput +\&\-mno-dwarf2\-asm \-mearly-stop-bits +\&\-mfixed-range=\fR\fIregister-range\fR \fB\-mtls-size=\fR\fItls-size\fR +\&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-mt \-pthread \-milp32 \-mlp64\fR +.Sp +\&\fID30V Options\fR +\&\fB\-mextmem \-mextmemory \-monchip \-mno-asm-optimize +\&\-masm-optimize \-mbranch-cost=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-mcond-exec=\fR\fIn\fR +.Sp +\&\fIS/390 and zSeries Options\fR +\&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR +\&\fB\-mhard-float \-msoft-float \-mbackchain \-mno-backchain +\&\-msmall-exec \-mno-small-exec \-mmvcle \-mno-mvcle +\&\-m64 \-m31 \-mdebug \-mno-debug \-mesa \-mzarch \-mfused-madd \-mno-fused-madd\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1CRIS\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu\fR \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu\fR +\&\fB\-mmax-stack-frame=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-melinux-stacksize=\fR\fIn\fR +\&\fB\-metrax4 \-metrax100 \-mpdebug \-mcc-init \-mno-side-effects +\&\-mstack-align \-mdata-align \-mconst-align +\&\-m32\-bit \-m16\-bit \-m8\-bit \-mno-prologue-epilogue \-mno-gotplt +\&\-melf \-maout \-melinux \-mlinux \-sim \-sim2 +\&\-mmul-bug-workaround \-mno-mul-bug-workaround\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1PDP-11\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mfpu \-msoft-float \-mac0 \-mno-ac0 \-m40 \-m45 \-m10 +\&\-mbcopy \-mbcopy-builtin \-mint32 \-mno-int16 +\&\-mint16 \-mno-int32 \-mfloat32 \-mno-float64 +\&\-mfloat64 \-mno-float32 \-mabshi \-mno-abshi +\&\-mbranch-expensive \-mbranch-cheap +\&\-msplit \-mno-split \-munix-asm \-mdec-asm\fR +.Sp +\&\fIXstormy16 Options\fR +\&\fB\-msim\fR +.Sp +\&\fIXtensa Options\fR +\&\fB\-mconst16 \-mno-const16 +\&\-mfused-madd \-mno-fused-madd +\&\-mtext-section-literals \-mno-text-section-literals +\&\-mtarget-align \-mno-target-align +\&\-mlongcalls \-mno-longcalls\fR +.Sp +\&\fI\s-1FRV\s0 Options\fR +\&\fB\-mgpr-32 \-mgpr-64 \-mfpr-32 \-mfpr-64 +\&\-mhard-float \-msoft-float +\&\-malloc-cc \-mfixed-cc \-mdword \-mno-dword +\&\-mdouble \-mno-double +\&\-mmedia \-mno-media \-mmuladd \-mno-muladd +\&\-mlibrary-pic \-macc-4 \-macc-8 +\&\-mpack \-mno-pack \-mno-eflags \-mcond-move \-mno-cond-move +\&\-mscc \-mno-scc \-mcond-exec \-mno-cond-exec +\&\-mvliw-branch \-mno-vliw-branch +\&\-mmulti-cond-exec \-mno-multi-cond-exec \-mnested-cond-exec +\&\-mno-nested-cond-exec \-mtomcat-stats +\&\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR +.Ip "\fICode Generation Options\fR" 4 +.IX Item "Code Generation Options" +\&\fB\-fcall-saved-\fR\fIreg\fR \fB\-fcall-used-\fR\fIreg\fR +\&\fB\-ffixed-\fR\fIreg\fR \fB\-fexceptions +\&\-fnon-call-exceptions \-funwind-tables +\&\-fasynchronous-unwind-tables +\&\-finhibit-size-directive \-finstrument-functions +\&\-fno-common \-fno-ident +\&\-fpcc-struct-return \-fpic \-fPIC \-fpie \-fPIE +\&\-freg-struct-return \-fshared-data \-fshort-enums +\&\-fshort-double \-fshort-wchar +\&\-fverbose-asm \-fpack-struct \-fstack-check +\&\-fstack-limit-register=\fR\fIreg\fR \fB\-fstack-limit-symbol=\fR\fIsym\fR +\&\fB\-fargument-alias \-fargument-noalias +\&\-fargument-noalias-global \-fleading-underscore +\&\-ftls-model=\fR\fImodel\fR +\&\fB\-ftrapv \-fwrapv \-fbounds-check\fR +.Sh "Options Controlling the Kind of Output" +.IX Subsection "Options Controlling the Kind of Output" +Compilation can involve up to four stages: preprocessing, compilation +proper, assembly and linking, always in that order. \s-1GCC\s0 is capable of +preprocessing and compiling several files either into several +assembler input files, or into one assembler input file; then each +assembler input file produces an object file, and linking combines all +the object files (those newly compiled, and those specified as input) +into an executable file. +.PP +For any given input file, the file name suffix determines what kind of +compilation is done: +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.c\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.c" +C source code which must be preprocessed. +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.i\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.i" +C source code which should not be preprocessed. +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.ii\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.ii" +\&\*(C+ source code which should not be preprocessed. +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.m\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.m" +Objective-C source code. Note that you must link with the library +\&\fIlibobjc.a\fR to make an Objective-C program work. +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.mi\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.mi" +Objective-C source code which should not be preprocessed. +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.h\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.h" +C or \*(C+ header file to be turned into a precompiled header. +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.cc\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.cc" +.PD 0 +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.cp\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.cp" +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.cxx\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.cxx" +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.cpp\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.cpp" +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.CPP\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.CPP" +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.c++\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.c++" +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.C\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.C" +.PD +\&\*(C+ source code which must be preprocessed. Note that in \fB.cxx\fR, +the last two letters must both be literally \fBx\fR. Likewise, +\&\fB.C\fR refers to a literal capital C. +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.hh\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.hh" +.PD 0 +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.H\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.H" +.PD +\&\*(C+ header file to be turned into a precompiled header. +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.f\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.f" +.PD 0 +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.for\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.for" +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.FOR\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.FOR" +.PD +Fortran source code which should not be preprocessed. +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.F\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.F" +.PD 0 +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.fpp\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.fpp" +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.FPP\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.FPP" +.PD +Fortran source code which must be preprocessed (with the traditional +preprocessor). +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.r\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.r" +Fortran source code which must be preprocessed with a \s-1RATFOR\s0 +preprocessor (not included with \s-1GCC\s0). +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.ads\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.ads" +Ada source code file which contains a library unit declaration (a +declaration of a package, subprogram, or generic, or a generic +instantiation), or a library unit renaming declaration (a package, +generic, or subprogram renaming declaration). Such files are also +called \fIspecs\fR. +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.adb\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.adb" +Ada source code file containing a library unit body (a subprogram or +package body). Such files are also called \fIbodies\fR. +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.s\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.s" +Assembler code. +.Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.S\fR" 4 +.IX Item "file.S" +Assembler code which must be preprocessed. +.Ip "\fIother\fR" 4 +.IX Item "other" +An object file to be fed straight into linking. +Any file name with no recognized suffix is treated this way. +.PP +You can specify the input language explicitly with the \fB\-x\fR option: +.Ip "\fB\-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-x language" +Specify explicitly the \fIlanguage\fR for the following input files +(rather than letting the compiler choose a default based on the file +name suffix). This option applies to all following input files until +the next \fB\-x\fR option. Possible values for \fIlanguage\fR are: +.Sp +.Vb 8 +\& c c-header cpp-output +\& c++ c++-header c++-cpp-output +\& objective-c objective-c-header objc-cpp-output +\& assembler assembler-with-cpp +\& ada +\& f77 f77-cpp-input ratfor +\& java +\& treelang +.Ve +.Ip "\fB\-x none\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-x none" +Turn off any specification of a language, so that subsequent files are +handled according to their file name suffixes (as they are if \fB\-x\fR +has not been used at all). +.Ip "\fB\-pass-exit-codes\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-pass-exit-codes" +Normally the \fBgcc\fR program will exit with the code of 1 if any +phase of the compiler returns a non-success return code. If you specify +\&\fB\-pass-exit-codes\fR, the \fBgcc\fR program will instead return with +numerically highest error produced by any phase that returned an error +indication. +.PP +If you only want some of the stages of compilation, you can use +\&\fB\-x\fR (or filename suffixes) to tell \fBgcc\fR where to start, and +one of the options \fB\-c\fR, \fB\-S\fR, or \fB\-E\fR to say where +\&\fBgcc\fR is to stop. Note that some combinations (for example, +\&\fB\-x cpp-output \-E\fR) instruct \fBgcc\fR to do nothing at all. +.Ip "\fB\-c\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-c" +Compile or assemble the source files, but do not link. The linking +stage simply is not done. The ultimate output is in the form of an +object file for each source file. +.Sp +By default, the object file name for a source file is made by replacing +the suffix \fB.c\fR, \fB.i\fR, \fB.s\fR, etc., with \fB.o\fR. +.Sp +Unrecognized input files, not requiring compilation or assembly, are +ignored. +.Ip "\fB\-S\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-S" +Stop after the stage of compilation proper; do not assemble. The output +is in the form of an assembler code file for each non-assembler input +file specified. +.Sp +By default, the assembler file name for a source file is made by +replacing the suffix \fB.c\fR, \fB.i\fR, etc., with \fB.s\fR. +.Sp +Input files that don't require compilation are ignored. +.Ip "\fB\-E\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-E" +Stop after the preprocessing stage; do not run the compiler proper. The +output is in the form of preprocessed source code, which is sent to the +standard output. +.Sp +Input files which don't require preprocessing are ignored. +.Ip "\fB\-o\fR \fIfile\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-o file" +Place output in file \fIfile\fR. This applies regardless to whatever +sort of output is being produced, whether it be an executable file, +an object file, an assembler file or preprocessed C code. +.Sp +If you specify \fB\-o\fR when compiling more than one input file, or +you are producing an executable file as output, all the source files +on the command line will be compiled at once. +.Sp +If \fB\-o\fR is not specified, the default is to put an executable file +in \fIa.out\fR, the object file for \fI\fIsource\fI.\fIsuffix\fI\fR in +\&\fI\fIsource\fI.o\fR, its assembler file in \fI\fIsource\fI.s\fR, and +all preprocessed C source on standard output. +.Ip "\fB\-v\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-v" +Print (on standard error output) the commands executed to run the stages +of compilation. Also print the version number of the compiler driver +program and of the preprocessor and the compiler proper. +.Ip "\fB\-###\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-###" +Like \fB\-v\fR except the commands are not executed and all command +arguments are quoted. This is useful for shell scripts to capture the +driver-generated command lines. +.Ip "\fB\-pipe\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-pipe" +Use pipes rather than temporary files for communication between the +various stages of compilation. This fails to work on some systems where +the assembler is unable to read from a pipe; but the \s-1GNU\s0 assembler has +no trouble. +.Ip "\fB\*(--help\fR" 4 +.IX Item "help" +Print (on the standard output) a description of the command line options +understood by \fBgcc\fR. If the \fB\-v\fR option is also specified +then \fB\*(--help\fR will also be passed on to the various processes +invoked by \fBgcc\fR, so that they can display the command line options +they accept. If the \fB\-Wextra\fR option is also specified then command +line options which have no documentation associated with them will also +be displayed. +.Ip "\fB\*(--target-help\fR" 4 +.IX Item "target-help" +Print (on the standard output) a description of target specific command +line options for each tool. +.Ip "\fB\*(--version\fR" 4 +.IX Item "version" +Display the version number and copyrights of the invoked \s-1GCC\s0. +.Sh "Compiling \*(C+ Programs" +.IX Subsection "Compiling Programs" +\&\*(C+ source files conventionally use one of the suffixes \fB.C\fR, +\&\fB.cc\fR, \fB.cpp\fR, \fB.CPP\fR, \fB.c++\fR, \fB.cp\fR, or +\&\fB.cxx\fR; \*(C+ header files often use \fB.hh\fR or \fB.H\fR; and +preprocessed \*(C+ files use the suffix \fB.ii\fR. \s-1GCC\s0 recognizes +files with these names and compiles them as \*(C+ programs even if you +call the compiler the same way as for compiling C programs (usually +with the name \fBgcc\fR). +.PP +However, \*(C+ programs often require class libraries as well as a +compiler that understands the \*(C+ language\-\-\-and under some +circumstances, you might want to compile programs or header files from +standard input, or otherwise without a suffix that flags them as \*(C+ +programs. You might also like to precompile a C header file with a +\&\fB.h\fR extension to be used in \*(C+ compilations. \fBg++\fR is a +program that calls \s-1GCC\s0 with the default language set to \*(C+, and +automatically specifies linking against the \*(C+ library. On many +systems, \fBg++\fR is also installed with the name \fBc++\fR. +.PP +When you compile \*(C+ programs, you may specify many of the same +command-line options that you use for compiling programs in any +language; or command-line options meaningful for C and related +languages; or options that are meaningful only for \*(C+ programs. +.Sh "Options Controlling C Dialect" +.IX Subsection "Options Controlling C Dialect" +The following options control the dialect of C (or languages derived +from C, such as \*(C+ and Objective-C) that the compiler accepts: +.Ip "\fB\-ansi\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-ansi" +In C mode, support all \s-1ISO\s0 C90 programs. In \*(C+ mode, +remove \s-1GNU\s0 extensions that conflict with \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+. +.Sp +This turns off certain features of \s-1GCC\s0 that are incompatible with \s-1ISO\s0 +C90 (when compiling C code), or of standard \*(C+ (when compiling \*(C+ code), +such as the \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keywords, and +predefined macros such as \f(CW\*(C`unix\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`vax\*(C'\fR that identify the +type of system you are using. It also enables the undesirable and +rarely used \s-1ISO\s0 trigraph feature. For the C compiler, +it disables recognition of \*(C+ style \fB//\fR comments as well as +the \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR keyword. +.Sp +The alternate keywords \f(CW\*(C`_\|_asm_\|_\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_extension_\|_\*(C'\fR, +\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_inline_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_typeof_\|_\*(C'\fR continue to work despite +\&\fB\-ansi\fR. You would not want to use them in an \s-1ISO\s0 C program, of +course, but it is useful to put them in header files that might be included +in compilations done with \fB\-ansi\fR. Alternate predefined macros +such as \f(CW\*(C`_\|_unix_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_vax_\|_\*(C'\fR are also available, with or +without \fB\-ansi\fR. +.Sp +The \fB\-ansi\fR option does not cause non-ISO programs to be +rejected gratuitously. For that, \fB\-pedantic\fR is required in +addition to \fB\-ansi\fR. +.Sp +The macro \f(CW\*(C`_\|_STRICT_ANSI_\|_\*(C'\fR is predefined when the \fB\-ansi\fR +option is used. Some header files may notice this macro and refrain +from declaring certain functions or defining certain macros that the +\&\s-1ISO\s0 standard doesn't call for; this is to avoid interfering with any +programs that might use these names for other things. +.Sp +Functions which would normally be built in but do not have semantics +defined by \s-1ISO\s0 C (such as \f(CW\*(C`alloca\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ffs\*(C'\fR) are not built-in +functions with \fB\-ansi\fR is used. +.Ip "\fB\-std=\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-std=" +Determine the language standard. This option is currently only +supported when compiling C or \*(C+. A value for this option must be +provided; possible values are +.RS 4 +.Ip "\fBc89\fR" 4 +.IX Item "c89" +.PD 0 +.Ip "\fBiso9899:1990\fR" 4 +.IX Item "iso9899:1990" +.PD +\&\s-1ISO\s0 C90 (same as \fB\-ansi\fR). +.Ip "\fBiso9899:199409\fR" 4 +.IX Item "iso9899:199409" +\&\s-1ISO\s0 C90 as modified in amendment 1. +.Ip "\fBc99\fR" 4 +.IX Item "c99" +.PD 0 +.Ip "\fBc9x\fR" 4 +.IX Item "c9x" +.Ip "\fBiso9899:1999\fR" 4 +.IX Item "iso9899:1999" +.Ip "\fBiso9899:199x\fR" 4 +.IX Item "iso9899:199x" +.PD +\&\s-1ISO\s0 C99. Note that this standard is not yet fully supported; see +<\fBhttp://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-3.4/c99status.html\fR> for more information. The +names \fBc9x\fR and \fBiso9899:199x\fR are deprecated. +.Ip "\fBgnu89\fR" 4 +.IX Item "gnu89" +Default, \s-1ISO\s0 C90 plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions (including some C99 features). +.Ip "\fBgnu99\fR" 4 +.IX Item "gnu99" +.PD 0 +.Ip "\fBgnu9x\fR" 4 +.IX Item "gnu9x" +.PD +\&\s-1ISO\s0 C99 plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions. When \s-1ISO\s0 C99 is fully implemented in \s-1GCC\s0, +this will become the default. The name \fBgnu9x\fR is deprecated. +.Ip "\fBc++98\fR" 4 +.IX Item "c++98" +The 1998 \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ standard plus amendments. +.Ip "\fBgnu++98\fR" 4 +.IX Item "gnu++98" +The same as \fB\-std=c++98\fR plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions. This is the +default for \*(C+ code. +.RE +.RS 4 +.Sp +Even when this option is not specified, you can still use some of the +features of newer standards in so far as they do not conflict with +previous C standards. For example, you may use \f(CW\*(C`_\|_restrict_\|_\*(C'\fR even +when \fB\-std=c99\fR is not specified. +.Sp +The \fB\-std\fR options specifying some version of \s-1ISO\s0 C have the same +effects as \fB\-ansi\fR, except that features that were not in \s-1ISO\s0 C90 +but are in the specified version (for example, \fB//\fR comments and +the \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR keyword in \s-1ISO\s0 C99) are not disabled. +.RE +.Ip "\fB\-aux-info\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-aux-info filename" +Output to the given filename prototyped declarations for all functions +declared and/or defined in a translation unit, including those in header +files. This option is silently ignored in any language other than C. +.Sp +Besides declarations, the file indicates, in comments, the origin of +each declaration (source file and line), whether the declaration was +implicit, prototyped or unprototyped (\fBI\fR, \fBN\fR for new or +\&\fBO\fR for old, respectively, in the first character after the line +number and the colon), and whether it came from a declaration or a +definition (\fBC\fR or \fBF\fR, respectively, in the following +character). In the case of function definitions, a K&R-style list of +arguments followed by their declarations is also provided, inside +comments, after the declaration. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-asm\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-asm" +Do not recognize \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR as a +keyword, so that code can use these words as identifiers. You can use +the keywords \f(CW\*(C`_\|_asm_\|_\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_inline_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_typeof_\|_\*(C'\fR +instead. \fB\-ansi\fR implies \fB\-fno-asm\fR. +.Sp +In \*(C+, this switch only affects the \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keyword, since +\&\f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR are standard keywords. You may want to +use the \fB\-fno-gnu-keywords\fR flag instead, which has the same +effect. In C99 mode (\fB\-std=c99\fR or \fB\-std=gnu99\fR), this +switch only affects the \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keywords, since +\&\f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR is a standard keyword in \s-1ISO\s0 C99. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-builtin\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-builtin" +.PD 0 +.Ip "\fB\-fno-builtin-\fR\fIfunction\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-builtin-function" +.PD +Don't recognize built-in functions that do not begin with +\&\fB_\|_builtin_\fR as prefix. +.Sp +\&\s-1GCC\s0 normally generates special code to handle certain built-in functions +more efficiently; for instance, calls to \f(CW\*(C`alloca\*(C'\fR may become single +instructions that adjust the stack directly, and calls to \f(CW\*(C`memcpy\*(C'\fR +may become inline copy loops. The resulting code is often both smaller +and faster, but since the function calls no longer appear as such, you +cannot set a breakpoint on those calls, nor can you change the behavior +of the functions by linking with a different library. +.Sp +With the \fB\-fno-builtin-\fR\fIfunction\fR option +only the built-in function \fIfunction\fR is +disabled. \fIfunction\fR must not begin with \fB_\|_builtin_\fR. If a +function is named this is not built-in in this version of \s-1GCC\s0, this +option is ignored. There is no corresponding +\&\fB\-fbuiltin-\fR\fIfunction\fR option; if you wish to enable +built-in functions selectively when using \fB\-fno-builtin\fR or +\&\fB\-ffreestanding\fR, you may define macros such as: +.Sp +.Vb 2 +\& #define abs(n) __builtin_abs ((n)) +\& #define strcpy(d, s) __builtin_strcpy ((d), (s)) +.Ve +.Ip "\fB\-fhosted\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fhosted" +Assert that compilation takes place in a hosted environment. This implies +\&\fB\-fbuiltin\fR. A hosted environment is one in which the +entire standard library is available, and in which \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR has a return +type of \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR. Examples are nearly everything except a kernel. +This is equivalent to \fB\-fno-freestanding\fR. +.Ip "\fB\-ffreestanding\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-ffreestanding" +Assert that compilation takes place in a freestanding environment. This +implies \fB\-fno-builtin\fR. A freestanding environment +is one in which the standard library may not exist, and program startup may +not necessarily be at \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR. The most obvious example is an \s-1OS\s0 kernel. +This is equivalent to \fB\-fno-hosted\fR. +.Ip "\fB\-fms-extensions\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fms-extensions" +Accept some non-standard constructs used in Microsoft header files. +.Ip "\fB\-trigraphs\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-trigraphs" +Support \s-1ISO\s0 C trigraphs. The \fB\-ansi\fR option (and \fB\-std\fR +options for strict \s-1ISO\s0 C conformance) implies \fB\-trigraphs\fR. +.Ip "\fB\-no-integrated-cpp\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-no-integrated-cpp" +Performs a compilation in two passes: preprocessing and compiling. This +option allows a user supplied \*(L"cc1\*(R", \*(L"cc1plus\*(R", or \*(L"cc1obj\*(R" via the +\&\fB\-B\fR option. The user supplied compilation step can then add in +an additional preprocessing step after normal preprocessing but before +compiling. The default is to use the integrated cpp (internal cpp) +.Sp +The semantics of this option will change if \*(L"cc1\*(R", \*(L"cc1plus\*(R", and +\&\*(L"cc1obj\*(R" are merged. +.Ip "\fB\-traditional\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-traditional" +.PD 0 +.Ip "\fB\-traditional-cpp\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-traditional-cpp" +.PD +Formerly, these options caused \s-1GCC\s0 to attempt to emulate a pre-standard +C compiler. They are now only supported with the \fB\-E\fR switch. +The preprocessor continues to support a pre-standard mode. See the \s-1GNU\s0 +\&\s-1CPP\s0 manual for details. +.Ip "\fB\-fcond-mismatch\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fcond-mismatch" +Allow conditional expressions with mismatched types in the second and +third arguments. The value of such an expression is void. This option +is not supported for \*(C+. +.Ip "\fB\-funsigned-char\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-funsigned-char" +Let the type \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR be unsigned, like \f(CW\*(C`unsigned char\*(C'\fR. +.Sp +Each kind of machine has a default for what \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR should +be. It is either like \f(CW\*(C`unsigned char\*(C'\fR by default or like +\&\f(CW\*(C`signed char\*(C'\fR by default. +.Sp +Ideally, a portable program should always use \f(CW\*(C`signed char\*(C'\fR or +\&\f(CW\*(C`unsigned char\*(C'\fR when it depends on the signedness of an object. +But many programs have been written to use plain \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR and +expect it to be signed, or expect it to be unsigned, depending on the +machines they were written for. This option, and its inverse, let you +make such a program work with the opposite default. +.Sp +The type \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR is always a distinct type from each of +\&\f(CW\*(C`signed char\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`unsigned char\*(C'\fR, even though its behavior +is always just like one of those two. +.Ip "\fB\-fsigned-char\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fsigned-char" +Let the type \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR be signed, like \f(CW\*(C`signed char\*(C'\fR. +.Sp +Note that this is equivalent to \fB\-fno-unsigned-char\fR, which is +the negative form of \fB\-funsigned-char\fR. Likewise, the option +\&\fB\-fno-signed-char\fR is equivalent to \fB\-funsigned-char\fR. +.Ip "\fB\-fsigned-bitfields\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fsigned-bitfields" +.PD 0 +.Ip "\fB\-funsigned-bitfields\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-funsigned-bitfields" +.Ip "\fB\-fno-signed-bitfields\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-signed-bitfields" +.Ip "\fB\-fno-unsigned-bitfields\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-unsigned-bitfields" +.PD +These options control whether a bit-field is signed or unsigned, when the +declaration does not use either \f(CW\*(C`signed\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`unsigned\*(C'\fR. By +default, such a bit-field is signed, because this is consistent: the +basic integer types such as \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR are signed types. +.Ip "\fB\-fwritable-strings\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fwritable-strings" +Store string constants in the writable data segment and don't uniquize +them. This is for compatibility with old programs which assume they can +write into string constants. +.Sp +Writing into string constants is a very bad idea; ``constants'' should +be constant. +.Sp +This option is deprecated. +.Sh "Options Controlling \*(C+ Dialect" +.IX Subsection "Options Controlling Dialect" +This section describes the command-line options that are only meaningful +for \*(C+ programs; but you can also use most of the \s-1GNU\s0 compiler options +regardless of what language your program is in. For example, you +might compile a file \f(CW\*(C`firstClass.C\*(C'\fR like this: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& g++ -g -frepo -O -c firstClass.C +.Ve +In this example, only \fB\-frepo\fR is an option meant +only for \*(C+ programs; you can use the other options with any +language supported by \s-1GCC\s0. +.PP +Here is a list of options that are \fIonly\fR for compiling \*(C+ programs: +.Ip "\fB\-fabi-version=\fR\fIn\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fabi-version=n" +Use version \fIn\fR of the \*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0. Version 2 is the version of the +\&\*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0 that first appeared in G++ 3.4. Version 1 is the version of +the \*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0 that first appeared in G++ 3.2. Version 0 will always be +the version that conforms most closely to the \*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0 specification. +Therefore, the \s-1ABI\s0 obtained using version 0 will change as \s-1ABI\s0 bugs +are fixed. +.Sp +The default is version 2. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-access-control\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-access-control" +Turn off all access checking. This switch is mainly useful for working +around bugs in the access control code. +.Ip "\fB\-fcheck-new\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fcheck-new" +Check that the pointer returned by \f(CW\*(C`operator new\*(C'\fR is non-null +before attempting to modify the storage allocated. This check is +normally unnecessary because the \*(C+ standard specifies that +\&\f(CW\*(C`operator new\*(C'\fR will only return \f(CW\*(C`0\*(C'\fR if it is declared +\&\fB\f(BIthrow()\fB\fR, in which case the compiler will always check the +return value even without this option. In all other cases, when +\&\f(CW\*(C`operator new\*(C'\fR has a non-empty exception specification, memory +exhaustion is signalled by throwing \f(CW\*(C`std::bad_alloc\*(C'\fR. See also +\&\fBnew (nothrow)\fR. +.Ip "\fB\-fconserve-space\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fconserve-space" +Put uninitialized or runtime-initialized global variables into the +common segment, as C does. This saves space in the executable at the +cost of not diagnosing duplicate definitions. If you compile with this +flag and your program mysteriously crashes after \f(CW\*(C`main()\*(C'\fR has +completed, you may have an object that is being destroyed twice because +two definitions were merged. +.Sp +This option is no longer useful on most targets, now that support has +been added for putting variables into \s-1BSS\s0 without making them common. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-const-strings\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-const-strings" +Give string constants type \f(CW\*(C`char *\*(C'\fR instead of type \f(CW\*(C`const +char *\*(C'\fR. By default, G++ uses type \f(CW\*(C`const char *\*(C'\fR as required by +the standard. Even if you use \fB\-fno-const-strings\fR, you cannot +actually modify the value of a string constant, unless you also use +\&\fB\-fwritable-strings\fR. +.Sp +This option might be removed in a future release of G++. For maximum +portability, you should structure your code so that it works with +string constants that have type \f(CW\*(C`const char *\*(C'\fR. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-elide-constructors\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-elide-constructors" +The \*(C+ standard allows an implementation to omit creating a temporary +which is only used to initialize another object of the same type. +Specifying this option disables that optimization, and forces G++ to +call the copy constructor in all cases. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-enforce-eh-specs\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-enforce-eh-specs" +Don't check for violation of exception specifications at runtime. This +option violates the \*(C+ standard, but may be useful for reducing code +size in production builds, much like defining \fB\s-1NDEBUG\s0\fR. The compiler +will still optimize based on the exception specifications. +.Ip "\fB\-ffor-scope\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-ffor-scope" +.PD 0 +.Ip "\fB\-fno-for-scope\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-for-scope" +.PD +If \fB\-ffor-scope\fR is specified, the scope of variables declared in +a \fIfor-init-statement\fR is limited to the \fBfor\fR loop itself, +as specified by the \*(C+ standard. +If \fB\-fno-for-scope\fR is specified, the scope of variables declared in +a \fIfor-init-statement\fR extends to the end of the enclosing scope, +as was the case in old versions of G++, and other (traditional) +implementations of \*(C+. +.Sp +The default if neither flag is given to follow the standard, +but to allow and give a warning for old-style code that would +otherwise be invalid, or have different behavior. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-gnu-keywords\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-gnu-keywords" +Do not recognize \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR as a keyword, so that code can use this +word as an identifier. You can use the keyword \f(CW\*(C`_\|_typeof_\|_\*(C'\fR instead. +\&\fB\-ansi\fR implies \fB\-fno-gnu-keywords\fR. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-implicit-templates\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-implicit-templates" +Never emit code for non-inline templates which are instantiated +implicitly (i.e. by use); only emit code for explicit instantiations. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-implicit-inline-templates\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-implicit-inline-templates" +Don't emit code for implicit instantiations of inline templates, either. +The default is to handle inlines differently so that compiles with and +without optimization will need the same set of explicit instantiations. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-implement-inlines\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-implement-inlines" +To save space, do not emit out-of-line copies of inline functions +controlled by \fB#pragma implementation\fR. This will cause linker +errors if these functions are not inlined everywhere they are called. +.Ip "\fB\-fms-extensions\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fms-extensions" +Disable pedantic warnings about constructs used in \s-1MFC\s0, such as implicit +int and getting a pointer to member function via non-standard syntax. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-nonansi-builtins\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-nonansi-builtins" +Disable built-in declarations of functions that are not mandated by +\&\s-1ANSI/ISO\s0 C. These include \f(CW\*(C`ffs\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`alloca\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_exit\*(C'\fR, +\&\f(CW\*(C`index\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`bzero\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`conjf\*(C'\fR, and other related functions. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-operator-names\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-operator-names" +Do not treat the operator name keywords \f(CW\*(C`and\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`bitand\*(C'\fR, +\&\f(CW\*(C`bitor\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`compl\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`not\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`or\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`xor\*(C'\fR as +synonyms as keywords. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-optional-diags\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-optional-diags" +Disable diagnostics that the standard says a compiler does not need to +issue. Currently, the only such diagnostic issued by G++ is the one for +a name having multiple meanings within a class. +.Ip "\fB\-fpermissive\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fpermissive" +Downgrade some diagnostics about nonconformant code from errors to +warnings. Thus, using \fB\-fpermissive\fR will allow some +nonconforming code to compile. +.Ip "\fB\-frepo\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-frepo" +Enable automatic template instantiation at link time. This option also +implies \fB\-fno-implicit-templates\fR. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-rtti\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-rtti" +Disable generation of information about every class with virtual +functions for use by the \*(C+ runtime type identification features +(\fBdynamic_cast\fR and \fBtypeid\fR). If you don't use those parts +of the language, you can save some space by using this flag. Note that +exception handling uses the same information, but it will generate it as +needed. +.Ip "\fB\-fstats\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fstats" +Emit statistics about front-end processing at the end of the compilation. +This information is generally only useful to the G++ development team. +.Ip "\fB\-ftemplate-depth-\fR\fIn\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-ftemplate-depth-n" +Set the maximum instantiation depth for template classes to \fIn\fR. +A limit on the template instantiation depth is needed to detect +endless recursions during template class instantiation. \s-1ANSI/ISO\s0 \*(C+ +conforming programs must not rely on a maximum depth greater than 17. +.Ip "\fB\-fuse-cxa-atexit\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fuse-cxa-atexit" +Register destructors for objects with static storage duration with the +\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_cxa_atexit\*(C'\fR function rather than the \f(CW\*(C`atexit\*(C'\fR function. +This option is required for fully standards-compliant handling of static +destructors, but will only work if your C library supports +\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_cxa_atexit\*(C'\fR. +.Ip "\fB\-fno-weak\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-weak" +Do not use weak symbol support, even if it is provided by the linker. +By default, G++ will use weak symbols if they are available. This +option exists only for testing, and should not be used by end-users; +it will result in inferior code and has no benefits. This option may +be removed in a future release of G++. +.Ip "\fB\-nostdinc++\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nostdinc++" +Do not search for header files in the standard directories specific to +\&\*(C+, but do still search the other standard directories. (This option +is used when building the \*(C+ library.) +.PP +In addition, these optimization, warning, and code generation options +have meanings only for \*(C+ programs: +.Ip "\fB\-fno-default-inline\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-fno-default-inline" +Do not assume \fBinline\fR for functions defined inside a class scope. + Note that these +functions will have linkage like inline functions; they just won't be +inlined by default. +.Ip "\fB\-Wabi\fR (\*(C+ only)" 4 +.IX Item "-Wabi ( only)" +Warn when G++ generates code that is probably not compatible with the +vendor-neutral \*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0. Although an effort has been made to warn about +all such cases, there are probably some cases that are not warned about, +even though G++ is generating incompatible code. There may also be +cases where warnings are emitted even though the code that is generated +will be compatible. +.Sp +You should rewrite your code to avoid these warnings if you are +concerned about the fact that code generated by G++ may not be binary +compatible with code generated by other compilers. +.Sp +The known incompatibilities at this point include: +.RS 4 +.Ip "\(bu" 4 +Incorrect handling of tail-padding for bit-fields. G++ may attempt to +pack data into the same byte as a base class. For example: +.Sp +.Vb 2 +\& struct A { virtual void f(); int f1 : 1; }; +\& struct B : public A { int f2 : 1; }; +.Ve +In this case, G++ will place \f(CW\*(C`B::f2\*(C'\fR into the same byte +as\f(CW\*(C`A::f1\*(C'\fR; other compilers will not. You can avoid this problem +by explicitly padding \f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR so that its size is a multiple of the +byte size on your platform; that will cause G++ and other compilers to +layout \f(CW\*(C`B\*(C'\fR identically. +.Ip "\(bu" 4 +Incorrect handling of tail-padding for virtual bases. G++ does not use +tail padding when laying out virtual bases. For example: +.Sp +.Vb 3 +\& struct A { virtual void f(); char c1; }; +\& struct B { B(); char c2; }; +\& struct C : public A, public virtual B {}; +.Ve +In this case, G++ will not place \f(CW\*(C`B\*(C'\fR into the tail-padding for +\&\f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR; other compilers will. You can avoid this problem by +explicitly padding \f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR so that its size is a multiple of its +alignment (ignoring virtual base classes); that will cause G++ and other +compilers to layout \f(CW\*(C`C\*(C'\fR identically. +.Ip "\(bu" 4 +Incorrect handling of bit-fields with declared widths greater than that +of their underlying types, when the bit-fields appear in a union. For +example: +.Sp +.Vb 1 +\& union U { int i : 4096; }; +.Ve +Assuming that an \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR does not have 4096 bits, G++ will make the +union too small by the number of bits in an \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR. +.Ip "\(bu" 4 +Empty classes can be placed at incorrect offsets. For example: +.Sp +.Vb 1 +\& struct A {}; +.Ve +.Vb 4 +\& struct B { +\& A a; +\& virtual void f (); +\& }; +.Ve +.Vb 1 +\& struct C : public B, public A {}; +.Ve +G++ will place the \f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR base class of \f(CW\*(C`C\*(C'\fR at a nonzero offset; +it should be placed at offset zero. G++ mistakenly believes that the +\&\f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR data member of \f(CW\*(C`B\*(C'\fR is already at offset zero. +.Ip "\(bu" 4 +Names of template functions whose types involve \f(CW\*(C`typename\*(C'\fR or +template template parameters can be mangled incorrectly. +.Sp +.Vb 2 +\& template +\& void f(typename Q::X) {} +.Ve +.Vb 2 +\& template