"""General floating point formatting functions.

Functions:

fix(x, digits_behind)

sci(x, digits_behind)

Each takes a number or a string and a number of digits as arguments.

Parameters:

x:             number to be formatted; or a string resembling a number

digits_behind: number of digits behind the decimal point

"""

import re

__all__ = ["fix","sci","NotANumber"]

# Compiled regular expression to "decode" a number

decoder = re.compile(r'^([-+]?)0*(\d*)((?:\.\d*)?)(([eE][-+]?\d+)?)$')

# \0 the whole thing

# \1 leading sign or empty

# \2 digits left of decimal point

# \3 fraction (empty or begins with point)

# \4 exponent part (empty or begins with 'e' or 'E')

try:

    class NotANumber(ValueError):

        pass

except TypeError:

    NotANumber = 'fpformat.NotANumber'

def extract(s):

    """Return (sign, intpart, fraction, expo) or raise an exception:

    sign is '+' or '-'

    intpart is 0 or more digits beginning with a nonzero

    fraction is 0 or more digits

    expo is an integer"""

    res = decoder.match(s)

    if res is None: raise NotANumber, s

    sign, intpart, fraction, exppart = res.group(1,2,3,4)

    if sign == '+': sign = ''

    if fraction: fraction = fraction[1:]

    if exppart: expo = int(exppart[1:])

    else: expo = 0

    return sign, intpart, fraction, expo

def unexpo(intpart, fraction, expo):

    """Remove the exponent by changing intpart and fraction."""

    if expo > 0: # Move the point left

        f = len(fraction)

        intpart, fraction = intpart + fraction[:expo], fraction[expo:]

        if expo > f:

            intpart = intpart + '0'*(expo-f)

    elif expo < 0: # Move the point right

        i = len(intpart)

        intpart, fraction = intpart[:expo], intpart[expo:] + fraction

        if expo < -i:

            fraction = '0'*(-expo-i) + fraction

    return intpart, fraction

def roundfrac(intpart, fraction, digs):

    """Round or extend the fraction to size digs."""

    f = len(fraction)

    if f <= digs:

        return intpart, fraction + '0'*(digs-f)

    i = len(intpart)

    if i+digs < 0:

        return '0'*-digs, ''

    total = intpart + fraction

    nextdigit = total[i+digs]

    if nextdigit >= '5': # Hard case: increment last digit, may have carry!

        n = i + digs - 1

        while n >= 0:

            if total[n] != '9': break

            n = n-1

        else:

            total = '0' + total

            i = i+1

            n = 0

        total = total[:n] + chr(ord(total[n]) + 1) + '0'*(len(total)-n-1)

        intpart, fraction = total[:i], total[i:]

    if digs >= 0:

        return intpart, fraction[:digs]

    else:

        return intpart[:digs] + '0'*-digs, ''

def fix(x, digs):

    """Format x as [-]ddd.ddd with 'digs' digits after the point

    and at least one digit before.

    If digs <= 0, the point is suppressed."""

    if type(x) != type(''): x = repr(x)

    try:

        sign, intpart, fraction, expo = extract(x)

    except NotANumber:

        return x

    intpart, fraction = unexpo(intpart, fraction, expo)

    intpart, fraction = roundfrac(intpart, fraction, digs)

    while intpart and intpart[0] == '0': intpart = intpart[1:]

    if intpart == '': intpart = '0'

    if digs > 0: return sign + intpart + '.' + fraction

    else: return sign + intpart

def sci(x, digs):

    """Format x as [-]d.dddE[+-]ddd with 'digs' digits after the point

    and exactly one digit before.

    If digs is <= 0, one digit is kept and the point is suppressed."""

    if type(x) != type(''): x = repr(x)

    sign, intpart, fraction, expo = extract(x)

    if not intpart:

        while fraction and fraction[0] == '0':

            fraction = fraction[1:]

            expo = expo - 1

        if fraction:

            intpart, fraction = fraction[0], fraction[1:]

            expo = expo - 1

        else:

            intpart = '0'

    else:

        expo = expo + len(intpart) - 1

        intpart, fraction = intpart[0], intpart[1:] + fraction

    digs = max(0, digs)

    intpart, fraction = roundfrac(intpart, fraction, digs)

    if len(intpart) > 1:

        intpart, fraction, expo = \

            intpart[0], intpart[1:] + fraction[:-1], \

            expo + len(intpart) - 1

    s = sign + intpart

    if digs > 0: s = s + '.' + fraction

    e = repr(abs(expo))

    e = '0'*(3-len(e)) + e

    if expo < 0: e = '-' + e

    else: e = '+' + e

    return s + 'e' + e

def test():

    """Interactive test run."""

    try:

        while 1:

            x, digs = input('Enter (x, digs): ')

            print x, fix(x, digs), sci(x, digs)

    except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):

        pass