symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12/python-2.6.1/Doc/distutils/setupscript.rst
author martin.trojer@nokia.com
Fri, 31 Jul 2009 15:01:17 +0100
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.. _setup-script:
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Writing the Setup Script
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The setup script is the centre of all activity in building, distributing, and
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installing modules using the Distutils.  The main purpose of the setup script is
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to describe your module distribution to the Distutils, so that the various
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commands that operate on your modules do the right thing.  As we saw in section
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:ref:`distutils-simple-example` above, the setup script consists mainly of a call to
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:func:`setup`, and most information supplied to the Distutils by the module
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developer is supplied as keyword arguments to :func:`setup`.
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Here's a slightly more involved example, which we'll follow for the next couple
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of sections: the Distutils' own setup script.  (Keep in mind that although the
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Distutils are included with Python 1.6 and later, they also have an independent
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existence so that Python 1.5.2 users can use them to install other module
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distributions.  The Distutils' own setup script, shown here, is used to install
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the package into Python 1.5.2.) ::
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   #!/usr/bin/env python
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   from distutils.core import setup
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   setup(name='Distutils',
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         version='1.0',
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         description='Python Distribution Utilities',
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         author='Greg Ward',
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         author_email='gward@python.net',
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         url='http://www.python.org/sigs/distutils-sig/',
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         packages=['distutils', 'distutils.command'],
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        )
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There are only two differences between this and the trivial one-file
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distribution presented in section :ref:`distutils-simple-example`: more metadata, and the
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specification of pure Python modules by package, rather than by module.  This is
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important since the Distutils consist of a couple of dozen modules split into
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(so far) two packages; an explicit list of every module would be tedious to
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generate and difficult to maintain.  For more information on the additional
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meta-data, see section :ref:`meta-data`.
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Note that any pathnames (files or directories) supplied in the setup script
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should be written using the Unix convention, i.e. slash-separated.  The
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Distutils will take care of converting this platform-neutral representation into
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whatever is appropriate on your current platform before actually using the
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pathname.  This makes your setup script portable across operating systems, which
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of course is one of the major goals of the Distutils.  In this spirit, all
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pathnames in this document are slash-separated.
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This, of course, only applies to pathnames given to Distutils functions.  If
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you, for example, use standard Python functions such as :func:`glob.glob` or
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:func:`os.listdir` to specify files, you should be careful to write portable
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code instead of hardcoding path separators::
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   glob.glob(os.path.join('mydir', 'subdir', '*.html'))
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   os.listdir(os.path.join('mydir', 'subdir'))
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.. _listing-packages:
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Listing whole packages
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======================
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The :option:`packages` option tells the Distutils to process (build, distribute,
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install, etc.) all pure Python modules found in each package mentioned in the
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:option:`packages` list.  In order to do this, of course, there has to be a
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correspondence between package names and directories in the filesystem.  The
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default correspondence is the most obvious one, i.e. package :mod:`distutils` is
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found in the directory :file:`distutils` relative to the distribution root.
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Thus, when you say ``packages = ['foo']`` in your setup script, you are
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promising that the Distutils will find a file :file:`foo/__init__.py` (which
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might be spelled differently on your system, but you get the idea) relative to
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the directory where your setup script lives.  If you break this promise, the
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Distutils will issue a warning but still process the broken package anyways.
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If you use a different convention to lay out your source directory, that's no
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problem: you just have to supply the :option:`package_dir` option to tell the
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Distutils about your convention.  For example, say you keep all Python source
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under :file:`lib`, so that modules in the "root package" (i.e., not in any
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package at all) are in :file:`lib`, modules in the :mod:`foo` package are in
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:file:`lib/foo`, and so forth.  Then you would put ::
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   package_dir = {'': 'lib'}
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in your setup script.  The keys to this dictionary are package names, and an
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empty package name stands for the root package.  The values are directory names
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relative to your distribution root.  In this case, when you say ``packages =
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['foo']``, you are promising that the file :file:`lib/foo/__init__.py` exists.
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Another possible convention is to put the :mod:`foo` package right in
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:file:`lib`, the :mod:`foo.bar` package in :file:`lib/bar`, etc.  This would be
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written in the setup script as ::
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   package_dir = {'foo': 'lib'}
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A ``package: dir`` entry in the :option:`package_dir` dictionary implicitly
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applies to all packages below *package*, so the :mod:`foo.bar` case is
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automatically handled here.  In this example, having ``packages = ['foo',
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'foo.bar']`` tells the Distutils to look for :file:`lib/__init__.py` and
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:file:`lib/bar/__init__.py`.  (Keep in mind that although :option:`package_dir`
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applies recursively, you must explicitly list all packages in
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:option:`packages`: the Distutils will *not* recursively scan your source tree
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looking for any directory with an :file:`__init__.py` file.)
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.. _listing-modules:
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Listing individual modules
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==========================
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For a small module distribution, you might prefer to list all modules rather
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than listing packages---especially the case of a single module that goes in the
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"root package" (i.e., no package at all).  This simplest case was shown in
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section :ref:`distutils-simple-example`; here is a slightly more involved example::
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   py_modules = ['mod1', 'pkg.mod2']
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This describes two modules, one of them in the "root" package, the other in the
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:mod:`pkg` package.  Again, the default package/directory layout implies that
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these two modules can be found in :file:`mod1.py` and :file:`pkg/mod2.py`, and
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that :file:`pkg/__init__.py` exists as well. And again, you can override the
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package/directory correspondence using the :option:`package_dir` option.
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.. _describing-extensions:
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Describing extension modules
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============================
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Just as writing Python extension modules is a bit more complicated than writing
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pure Python modules, describing them to the Distutils is a bit more complicated.
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Unlike pure modules, it's not enough just to list modules or packages and expect
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the Distutils to go out and find the right files; you have to specify the
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extension name, source file(s), and any compile/link requirements (include
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directories, libraries to link with, etc.).
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.. XXX read over this section
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All of this is done through another keyword argument to :func:`setup`, the
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:option:`ext_modules` option.  :option:`ext_modules` is just a list of
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:class:`Extension` instances, each of which describes a single extension module.
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Suppose your distribution includes a single extension, called :mod:`foo` and
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implemented by :file:`foo.c`.  If no additional instructions to the
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compiler/linker are needed, describing this extension is quite simple::
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   Extension('foo', ['foo.c'])
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The :class:`Extension` class can be imported from :mod:`distutils.core` along
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with :func:`setup`.  Thus, the setup script for a module distribution that
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contains only this one extension and nothing else might be::
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   from distutils.core import setup, Extension
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   setup(name='foo',
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         version='1.0',
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         ext_modules=[Extension('foo', ['foo.c'])],
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         )
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The :class:`Extension` class (actually, the underlying extension-building
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machinery implemented by the :command:`build_ext` command) supports a great deal
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of flexibility in describing Python extensions, which is explained in the
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following sections.
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Extension names and packages
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----------------------------
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The first argument to the :class:`Extension` constructor is always the name of
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the extension, including any package names.  For example, ::
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   Extension('foo', ['src/foo1.c', 'src/foo2.c'])
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describes an extension that lives in the root package, while ::
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   Extension('pkg.foo', ['src/foo1.c', 'src/foo2.c'])
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describes the same extension in the :mod:`pkg` package.  The source files and
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resulting object code are identical in both cases; the only difference is where
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in the filesystem (and therefore where in Python's namespace hierarchy) the
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resulting extension lives.
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If you have a number of extensions all in the same package (or all under the
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same base package), use the :option:`ext_package` keyword argument to
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:func:`setup`.  For example, ::
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   setup(...,
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         ext_package='pkg',
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         ext_modules=[Extension('foo', ['foo.c']),
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                      Extension('subpkg.bar', ['bar.c'])],
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        )
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will compile :file:`foo.c` to the extension :mod:`pkg.foo`, and :file:`bar.c` to
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:mod:`pkg.subpkg.bar`.
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Extension source files
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----------------------
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The second argument to the :class:`Extension` constructor is a list of source
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files.  Since the Distutils currently only support C, C++, and Objective-C
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extensions, these are normally C/C++/Objective-C source files.  (Be sure to use
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appropriate extensions to distinguish C++\ source files: :file:`.cc` and
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:file:`.cpp` seem to be recognized by both Unix and Windows compilers.)
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However, you can also include SWIG interface (:file:`.i`) files in the list; the
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:command:`build_ext` command knows how to deal with SWIG extensions: it will run
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SWIG on the interface file and compile the resulting C/C++ file into your
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extension.
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**\*\*** SWIG support is rough around the edges and largely untested! **\*\***
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This warning notwithstanding, options to SWIG can be currently passed like
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this::
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   setup(...,
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         ext_modules=[Extension('_foo', ['foo.i'], 
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                                swig_opts=['-modern', '-I../include'])],
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         py_modules=['foo'],
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        )
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Or on the commandline like this::
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   > python setup.py build_ext --swig-opts="-modern -I../include"
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On some platforms, you can include non-source files that are processed by the
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compiler and included in your extension.  Currently, this just means Windows
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message text (:file:`.mc`) files and resource definition (:file:`.rc`) files for
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Visual C++. These will be compiled to binary resource (:file:`.res`) files and
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linked into the executable.
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Preprocessor options
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--------------------
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Three optional arguments to :class:`Extension` will help if you need to specify
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include directories to search or preprocessor macros to define/undefine:
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``include_dirs``, ``define_macros``, and ``undef_macros``.
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For example, if your extension requires header files in the :file:`include`
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directory under your distribution root, use the ``include_dirs`` option::
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   Extension('foo', ['foo.c'], include_dirs=['include'])
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You can specify absolute directories there; if you know that your extension will
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only be built on Unix systems with X11R6 installed to :file:`/usr`, you can get
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away with ::
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   Extension('foo', ['foo.c'], include_dirs=['/usr/include/X11'])
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You should avoid this sort of non-portable usage if you plan to distribute your
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code: it's probably better to write C code like  ::
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   #include <X11/Xlib.h>
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If you need to include header files from some other Python extension, you can
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take advantage of the fact that header files are installed in a consistent way
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by the Distutils :command:`install_header` command.  For example, the Numerical
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Python header files are installed (on a standard Unix installation) to
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:file:`/usr/local/include/python1.5/Numerical`. (The exact location will differ
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according to your platform and Python installation.)  Since the Python include
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directory---\ :file:`/usr/local/include/python1.5` in this case---is always
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included in the search path when building Python extensions, the best approach
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is to write C code like  ::
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   #include <Numerical/arrayobject.h>
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If you must put the :file:`Numerical` include directory right into your header
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search path, though, you can find that directory using the Distutils
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:mod:`distutils.sysconfig` module::
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   from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_inc
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   incdir = os.path.join(get_python_inc(plat_specific=1), 'Numerical')
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   setup(...,
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         Extension(..., include_dirs=[incdir]),
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         )
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Even though this is quite portable---it will work on any Python installation,
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regardless of platform---it's probably easier to just write your C code in the
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sensible way.
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You can define and undefine pre-processor macros with the ``define_macros`` and
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``undef_macros`` options. ``define_macros`` takes a list of ``(name, value)``
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tuples, where ``name`` is the name of the macro to define (a string) and
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``value`` is its value: either a string or ``None``.  (Defining a macro ``FOO``
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to ``None`` is the equivalent of a bare ``#define FOO`` in your C source: with
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most compilers, this sets ``FOO`` to the string ``1``.)  ``undef_macros`` is
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just a list of macros to undefine.
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For example::
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   Extension(...,
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             define_macros=[('NDEBUG', '1'),
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                            ('HAVE_STRFTIME', None)],
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             undef_macros=['HAVE_FOO', 'HAVE_BAR'])
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is the equivalent of having this at the top of every C source file::
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   #define NDEBUG 1
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   #define HAVE_STRFTIME
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   #undef HAVE_FOO
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   #undef HAVE_BAR
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Library options
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---------------
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You can also specify the libraries to link against when building your extension,
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and the directories to search for those libraries.  The ``libraries`` option is
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a list of libraries to link against, ``library_dirs`` is a list of directories
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to search for libraries at  link-time, and ``runtime_library_dirs`` is a list of
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directories to  search for shared (dynamically loaded) libraries at run-time.
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For example, if you need to link against libraries known to be in the standard
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library search path on target systems ::
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   Extension(...,
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             libraries=['gdbm', 'readline'])
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If you need to link with libraries in a non-standard location, you'll have to
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include the location in ``library_dirs``::
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   Extension(...,
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             library_dirs=['/usr/X11R6/lib'],
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             libraries=['X11', 'Xt'])
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(Again, this sort of non-portable construct should be avoided if you intend to
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distribute your code.)
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**\*\*** Should mention clib libraries here or somewhere else! **\*\***
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Other options
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-------------
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There are still some other options which can be used to handle special cases.
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The :option:`extra_objects` option is a list of object files to be passed to the
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linker. These files must not have extensions, as the default extension for the
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compiler is used.
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:option:`extra_compile_args` and :option:`extra_link_args` can be used to
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specify additional command line options for the respective compiler and linker
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command lines.
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:option:`export_symbols` is only useful on Windows.  It can contain a list of
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symbols (functions or variables) to be exported. This option is not needed when
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building compiled extensions: Distutils  will automatically add ``initmodule``
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to the list of exported symbols.
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Relationships between Distributions and Packages
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================================================
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A distribution may relate to packages in three specific ways:
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   356
#. It can require packages or modules.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   357
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   358
#. It can provide packages or modules.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   359
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   360
#. It can obsolete packages or modules.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   361
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   362
These relationships can be specified using keyword arguments to the
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   363
:func:`distutils.core.setup` function.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   364
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   365
Dependencies on other Python modules and packages can be specified by supplying
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   366
the *requires* keyword argument to :func:`setup`. The value must be a list of
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   367
strings.  Each string specifies a package that is required, and optionally what
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   368
versions are sufficient.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   369
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   370
To specify that any version of a module or package is required, the string
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   371
should consist entirely of the module or package name. Examples include
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   372
``'mymodule'`` and ``'xml.parsers.expat'``.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   373
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   374
If specific versions are required, a sequence of qualifiers can be supplied in
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   375
parentheses.  Each qualifier may consist of a comparison operator and a version
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   376
number.  The accepted comparison operators are::
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   377
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   378
   <    >    ==
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   379
   <=   >=   !=
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   380
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   381
These can be combined by using multiple qualifiers separated by commas (and
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   382
optional whitespace).  In this case, all of the qualifiers must be matched; a
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   383
logical AND is used to combine the evaluations.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   384
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   385
Let's look at a bunch of examples:
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   386
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   387
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   388
| Requires Expression     | Explanation                                  |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   389
+=========================+==============================================+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   390
| ``==1.0``               | Only version ``1.0`` is compatible           |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   391
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   392
| ``>1.0, !=1.5.1, <2.0`` | Any version after ``1.0`` and before ``2.0`` |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   393
|                         | is compatible, except ``1.5.1``              |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   394
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   395
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   396
Now that we can specify dependencies, we also need to be able to specify what we
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   397
provide that other distributions can require.  This is done using the *provides*
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   398
keyword argument to :func:`setup`. The value for this keyword is a list of
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   399
strings, each of which names a Python module or package, and optionally
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   400
identifies the version.  If the version is not specified, it is assumed to match
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   401
that of the distribution.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   402
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   403
Some examples:
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   404
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   405
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   406
| Provides Expression | Explanation                                  |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   407
+=====================+==============================================+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   408
| ``mypkg``           | Provide ``mypkg``, using the distribution    |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   409
|                     | version                                      |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   410
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   411
| ``mypkg (1.1)``     | Provide ``mypkg`` version 1.1, regardless of |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   412
|                     | the distribution version                     |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   413
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   414
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   415
A package can declare that it obsoletes other packages using the *obsoletes*
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   416
keyword argument.  The value for this is similar to that of the *requires*
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   417
keyword: a list of strings giving module or package specifiers.  Each specifier
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   418
consists of a module or package name optionally followed by one or more version
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   419
qualifiers.  Version qualifiers are given in parentheses after the module or
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   420
package name.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   421
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   422
The versions identified by the qualifiers are those that are obsoleted by the
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   423
distribution being described.  If no qualifiers are given, all versions of the
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   424
named module or package are understood to be obsoleted.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   425
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   426
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   427
Installing Scripts
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   428
==================
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   429
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   430
So far we have been dealing with pure and non-pure Python modules, which are
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   431
usually not run by themselves but imported by scripts.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   432
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   433
Scripts are files containing Python source code, intended to be started from the
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   434
command line.  Scripts don't require Distutils to do anything very complicated.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   435
The only clever feature is that if the first line of the script starts with
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   436
``#!`` and contains the word "python", the Distutils will adjust the first line
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   437
to refer to the current interpreter location. By default, it is replaced with
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   438
the current interpreter location.  The :option:`--executable` (or :option:`-e`)
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   439
option will allow the interpreter path to be explicitly overridden.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   440
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   441
The :option:`scripts` option simply is a list of files to be handled in this
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   442
way.  From the PyXML setup script::
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   443
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   444
   setup(...,
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   445
         scripts=['scripts/xmlproc_parse', 'scripts/xmlproc_val']
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   446
         )
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   447
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   448
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   449
Installing Package Data
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   450
=======================
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   451
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   452
Often, additional files need to be installed into a package.  These files are
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   453
often data that's closely related to the package's implementation, or text files
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   454
containing documentation that might be of interest to programmers using the
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   455
package.  These files are called :dfn:`package data`.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   456
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   457
Package data can be added to packages using the ``package_data`` keyword
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   458
argument to the :func:`setup` function.  The value must be a mapping from
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   459
package name to a list of relative path names that should be copied into the
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   460
package.  The paths are interpreted as relative to the directory containing the
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   461
package (information from the ``package_dir`` mapping is used if appropriate);
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   462
that is, the files are expected to be part of the package in the source
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   463
directories. They may contain glob patterns as well.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   464
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   465
The path names may contain directory portions; any necessary directories will be
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   466
created in the installation.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   467
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   468
For example, if a package should contain a subdirectory with several data files,
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   469
the files can be arranged like this in the source tree::
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   470
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   471
   setup.py
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   472
   src/
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   473
       mypkg/
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   474
           __init__.py
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   475
           module.py
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   476
           data/
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   477
               tables.dat
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   478
               spoons.dat
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   479
               forks.dat
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   480
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   481
The corresponding call to :func:`setup` might be::
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   482
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   483
   setup(...,
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   484
         packages=['mypkg'],
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   485
         package_dir={'mypkg': 'src/mypkg'},
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   486
         package_data={'mypkg': ['data/*.dat']},
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   487
         )
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   488
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   489
.. versionadded:: 2.4
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   490
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   491
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   492
Installing Additional Files
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   493
===========================
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   494
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   495
The :option:`data_files` option can be used to specify additional files needed
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   496
by the module distribution: configuration files, message catalogs, data files,
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   497
anything which doesn't fit in the previous categories.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   498
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   499
:option:`data_files` specifies a sequence of (*directory*, *files*) pairs in the
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   500
following way::
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   501
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   502
   setup(...,
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   503
         data_files=[('bitmaps', ['bm/b1.gif', 'bm/b2.gif']),
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   504
                     ('config', ['cfg/data.cfg']),
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   505
                     ('/etc/init.d', ['init-script'])]
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   506
        )
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   507
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   508
Note that you can specify the directory names where the data files will be
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   509
installed, but you cannot rename the data files themselves.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   510
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   511
Each (*directory*, *files*) pair in the sequence specifies the installation
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   512
directory and the files to install there.  If *directory* is a relative path, it
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   513
is interpreted relative to the installation prefix (Python's ``sys.prefix`` for
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   514
pure-Python packages, ``sys.exec_prefix`` for packages that contain extension
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   515
modules).  Each file name in *files* is interpreted relative to the
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   516
:file:`setup.py` script at the top of the package source distribution.  No
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   517
directory information from *files* is used to determine the final location of
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   518
the installed file; only the name of the file is used.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   519
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   520
You can specify the :option:`data_files` options as a simple sequence of files
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   521
without specifying a target directory, but this is not recommended, and the
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   522
:command:`install` command will print a warning in this case. To install data
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   523
files directly in the target directory, an empty string should be given as the
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   524
directory.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   525
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   526
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   527
.. _meta-data:
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   528
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   529
Additional meta-data
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   530
====================
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   531
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   532
The setup script may include additional meta-data beyond the name and version.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   533
This information includes:
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   534
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   535
+----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+--------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   536
| Meta-Data            | Description               | Value           | Notes  |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   537
+======================+===========================+=================+========+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   538
| ``name``             | name of the package       | short string    | \(1)   |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   539
+----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+--------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   540
| ``version``          | version of this release   | short string    | (1)(2) |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   541
+----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+--------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   542
| ``author``           | package author's name     | short string    | \(3)   |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   543
+----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+--------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   544
| ``author_email``     | email address of the      | email address   | \(3)   |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   545
|                      | package author            |                 |        |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   546
+----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+--------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   547
| ``maintainer``       | package maintainer's name | short string    | \(3)   |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   548
+----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+--------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   549
| ``maintainer_email`` | email address of the      | email address   | \(3)   |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   550
|                      | package maintainer        |                 |        |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   551
+----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+--------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   552
| ``url``              | home page for the package | URL             | \(1)   |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   553
+----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+--------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   554
| ``description``      | short, summary            | short string    |        |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   555
|                      | description of the        |                 |        |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   556
|                      | package                   |                 |        |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   557
+----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+--------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   558
| ``long_description`` | longer description of the | long string     |        |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   559
|                      | package                   |                 |        |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   560
+----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+--------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   561
| ``download_url``     | location where the        | URL             | \(4)   |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   562
|                      | package may be downloaded |                 |        |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   563
+----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+--------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   564
| ``classifiers``      | a list of classifiers     | list of strings | \(4)   |
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   565
+----------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+--------+
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   566
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   567
Notes:
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   568
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   569
(1)
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   570
   These fields are required.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   571
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   572
(2)
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   573
   It is recommended that versions take the form *major.minor[.patch[.sub]]*.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   574
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   575
(3)
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   576
   Either the author or the maintainer must be identified.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   577
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   578
(4)
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   579
   These fields should not be used if your package is to be compatible with Python
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   580
   versions prior to 2.2.3 or 2.3.  The list is available from the `PyPI website
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   581
   <http://pypi.python.org/pypi>`_.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   582
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   583
'short string'
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   584
   A single line of text, not more than 200 characters.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   585
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   586
'long string'
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   587
   Multiple lines of plain text in reStructuredText format (see
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   588
   http://docutils.sf.net/).
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   589
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   590
'list of strings'
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   591
   See below.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   592
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   593
None of the string values may be Unicode.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   594
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   595
Encoding the version information is an art in itself. Python packages generally
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   596
adhere to the version format *major.minor[.patch][sub]*. The major number is 0
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   597
for initial, experimental releases of software. It is incremented for releases
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   598
that represent major milestones in a package. The minor number is incremented
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   599
when important new features are added to the package. The patch number
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   600
increments when bug-fix releases are made. Additional trailing version
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   601
information is sometimes used to indicate sub-releases.  These are
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   602
"a1,a2,...,aN" (for alpha releases, where functionality and API may change),
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   603
"b1,b2,...,bN" (for beta releases, which only fix bugs) and "pr1,pr2,...,prN"
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   604
(for final pre-release release testing). Some examples:
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   605
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   606
0.1.0
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   607
   the first, experimental release of a package
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   608
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   609
1.0.1a2
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   610
   the second alpha release of the first patch version of 1.0
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   611
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   612
:option:`classifiers` are specified in a python list::
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   613
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   614
   setup(...,
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   615
         classifiers=[
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   616
             'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   617
             'Environment :: Console',
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   618
             'Environment :: Web Environment',
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   619
             'Intended Audience :: End Users/Desktop',
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   620
             'Intended Audience :: Developers',
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   621
             'Intended Audience :: System Administrators',
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   622
             'License :: OSI Approved :: Python Software Foundation License',
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   623
             'Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X',
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   624
             'Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows',
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   625
             'Operating System :: POSIX',
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   626
             'Programming Language :: Python',
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   627
             'Topic :: Communications :: Email',
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   628
             'Topic :: Office/Business',
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   629
             'Topic :: Software Development :: Bug Tracking',
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   630
             ],
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   631
         )
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   632
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   633
If you wish to include classifiers in your :file:`setup.py` file and also wish
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   634
to remain backwards-compatible with Python releases prior to 2.2.3, then you can
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   635
include the following code fragment in your :file:`setup.py` before the
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   636
:func:`setup` call. ::
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   637
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   638
   # patch distutils if it can't cope with the "classifiers" or
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   639
   # "download_url" keywords
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   640
   from sys import version
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   641
   if version < '2.2.3':
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   642
       from distutils.dist import DistributionMetadata
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   643
       DistributionMetadata.classifiers = None
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   644
       DistributionMetadata.download_url = None
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   645
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   646
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   647
Debugging the setup script
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   648
==========================
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   649
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   650
Sometimes things go wrong, and the setup script doesn't do what the developer
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   651
wants.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   652
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   653
Distutils catches any exceptions when running the setup script, and print a
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   654
simple error message before the script is terminated.  The motivation for this
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   655
behaviour is to not confuse administrators who don't know much about Python and
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   656
are trying to install a package.  If they get a big long traceback from deep
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   657
inside the guts of Distutils, they may think the package or the Python
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   658
installation is broken because they don't read all the way down to the bottom
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   659
and see that it's a permission problem.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   660
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   661
On the other hand, this doesn't help the developer to find the cause of the
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   662
failure. For this purpose, the DISTUTILS_DEBUG environment variable can be set
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   663
to anything except an empty string, and distutils will now print detailed
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   664
information what it is doing, and prints the full traceback in case an exception
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   665
occurs.
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   666
2fb8b9db1c86 Initial QEMU (symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12) import
martin.trojer@nokia.com
parents:
diff changeset
   667