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/*!

    \example graphicsview/basicgraphicslayouts

    \title Basic Graphics Layouts Example

    The Basic Graphics Layouts example shows how to use the layout classes

    in QGraphicsView: QGraphicsLinearLayout and QGraphicsGridLayout.

    In addition to that it shows how to write your own custom layout item.

    \image basicgraphicslayouts-example.png Screenshot of the Basic Layouts Example

    \section1 Window Class Definition

    The \c Window class is a subclass of QGraphicsWidget. It has a

    constructor with a QGraphicsWidget \a parent as its parameter.

    \snippet examples/graphicsview/basicgraphicslayouts/window.h 0

    \section1 Window Class Implementation

    The constructor of \c Window instantiates a QGraphicsLinearLayout object,

    \c windowLayout, with vertical orientation. We instantiate another

    QGraphicsLinearLayout object, \c linear, whose parent is \c windowLayout.

    Next, we create a \c LayoutItem object, \c item and add it to \c linear

    with the \l{QGraphicsLinearLayout::}{addItem()} function. We also provide

    \c item with a \l{QGraphicsLinearLayout::setStretchFactor()}

    {stretchFactor}.

    \snippet examples/graphicsview/basicgraphicslayouts/window.cpp 0

    We repeat the process:

    \list

        \o create a new \c LayoutItem,

        \o add the item \c linear, and

        \o provide a stretch factor.

    \endlist

    \snippet examples/graphicsview/basicgraphicslayouts/window.cpp 1

    We then add \c linear to \c windowLayout, nesting two

    QGraphicsLinearLayout objects. Apart from the QGraphicsLinearLayout, we

    also use a QGraphicsGridLayout object, \c grid, which is a 4x3 grid with

    some cells spanning to other rows.

    We create seven \c LayoutItem objects and place them into \c grid with

    the \l{QGraphicsGridLayout::}{addItem()} function as shown in the code

    snippet below:

    \snippet examples/graphicsview/basicgraphicslayouts/window.cpp 2

    The first item we add to \c grid is placed in the top left cell,

    spanning four rows. The next two items are placed in the second column,

    and they span two rows. Each item's \l{QGraphicsWidget::}{maximumHeight()}

    and \l{QGraphicsWidget::}{minimumHeight()} are set to be equal so that

    they do not expand vertically. As a result, these items will not

    fit vertically in their cells. So, we specify that they should be

    vertically aligned in the center of the cell using Qt::AlignVCenter.

    Finally, \c grid itself is added to \c windowLayout. Unlike

    QGridLayout::addItem(), QGraphicsGridLayout::addItem() requires a row

    and a column for its argument, specifying which cell the item should be

    positioned in. Also, if the \c rowSpan and \c columnSpan arguments

    are omitted, they will default to 1.

    Note that we do not specify a parent for each \c LayoutItem that we

    construct, as all these items will be added to \c windowLayout. When we

    add an item to a layout, it will be automatically reparented to the widget

    on which the layout is installed.

    \snippet examples/graphicsview/basicgraphicslayouts/window.cpp 3

    Now that we have set up \c grid and added it to \c windowLayout, we

    install \c windowLayout onto the window object using

    QGraphicsWidget::setLayout() and we set the window title.

    \section1 LayoutItem Class Definition

    The \c LayoutItem class is a subclass of QGraphicsLayoutItem and

    QGraphicsItem. It has a constructor, a destructor, and some required

    reimplementations.

    Since it inherits QGraphicsLayoutItem it must reimplement

    {QGraphicsLayoutItem::setGeometry()}{setGeometry()} and

    {QGraphicsLayoutItem::sizeHint()}{sizeHint()}.

    In addition to that it inherits QGraphicsItem, so it must reimplement

    {QGraphicsItem::boundingRect()}{boundingRect()} and

    {QGraphicsItem::paint()}{paint()}.

    \snippet examples/graphicsview/basicgraphicslayouts/layoutitem.h 0

    The \c LayoutItem class also has a private instance of QPixmap, \c m_pix.

    \section1 LayoutItem Class Implementation

    In \c{LayoutItem}'s constructor, \c m_pix is instantiated and the

    \c{block.png} image is loaded into it.

    \snippet examples/graphicsview/basicgraphicslayouts/layoutitem.cpp 0

    We use the Q_UNUSED() macro to prevent the compiler from generating

    warnings regarding unused parameters.

    \snippet examples/graphicsview/basicgraphicslayouts/layoutitem.cpp 1

    The idea behind the \c paint() function is to paint the

    background rect then paint a rect around the pixmap.

    \snippet examples/graphicsview/basicgraphicslayouts/layoutitem.cpp 2

    The reimplementation of {QGraphicsItem::boundingRect()}{boundingRect()}

    will set the top left corner at (0,0), and the size of it will be

    the size of the layout items

    {QGraphicsLayoutItem::geometry()}{geometry()}. This is the area that

    we paint within.

    \snippet examples/graphicsview/basicgraphicslayouts/layoutitem.cpp 3

    The reimplementation of {QGraphicsLayoutItem::setGeometry()}{setGeometry()}

    simply calls its baseclass implementation. However, since this will change

    the boundingRect we must also call

    {QGraphicsItem::prepareGeometryChange()}{prepareGeometryChange()}.

    Finally, we move the item according to \c geom.topLeft().

    \snippet examples/graphicsview/basicgraphicslayouts/layoutitem.cpp 4

    Since we don't want the size of the item to be smaller than the pixmap, we

    must make sure that we return a size hint that is larger than \c m_pix.

    We also add some extra space around for borders that we will paint later.

    Alternatively, you could scale the pixmap to prevent the item from

    becoming smaller than the pixmap.

    The preferred size is the same as the minimum size hint, while we set

    maximum to be a large value

    \snippet examples/graphicsview/basicgraphicslayouts/layoutitem.cpp 5

*/