Symbian3/PDK/Source/GUID-BB39DE14-B314-59CB-A8EC-BBD2A5C1BCD9.dita
author Dominic Pinkman <dominic.pinkman@nokia.com>
Fri, 16 Jul 2010 17:23:46 +0100
changeset 12 80ef3a206772
parent 5 f345bda72bc4
permissions -rw-r--r--
Week 28 contribution of PDK documentation content. See release notes for details. Fixes bugs Bug 1897, Bug 344, Bug 2681, Bug 463, Bug 1522.
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!-- Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies) All rights reserved. -->
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<!-- This component and the accompanying materials are made available under the terms of the License 
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"Eclipse Public License v1.0" which accompanies this distribution, 
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and is available at the URL "http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html". -->
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<!-- Initial Contributors:
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    Nokia Corporation - initial contribution.
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Contributors: 
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE concept
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  PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Concept//EN" "concept.dtd">
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<concept id="GUID-BB39DE14-B314-59CB-A8EC-BBD2A5C1BCD9" xml:lang="en"><title>GUI
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App: Porting an Engine for Use in a Symbian Application</title><shortdesc>This section describes the steps to port an engine for
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use in a Symbian 		application.</shortdesc><prolog><metadata><keywords/></metadata></prolog><conbody>
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<p>The application uses the FreeBSD <codeph>cksum</codeph> utility
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as its 		  engine. The checksum example is an application with a user
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interface and an 		  engine written in C.</p>
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<p>The first stage in porting this program is to split the project
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into 	   the engine (GUIAppEng) and the application (GUIApp).</p>
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<section id="SECTION_1B097EC0E8EC43BE82B88BE0D04DC5F8"><title>The
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engine</title> <p>The engine is written in C. At its core is the <codeph>crc()</codeph> 			 function. This function accepts a file descriptor
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and returns the checksum and 			 the file size.</p> <p>The engine's
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project specification file (<filepath>GUIAppEng.mmp</filepath>) 			
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is as follows:</p><codeblock xml:space="preserve">TARGET		GUIAppEng.dll
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TARGETTYPE	dll
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UID             0x1000008d 0x01000a02
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VENDORID 0x70000001
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SOURCEPATH	.
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SOURCE		crc.c
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SYSTEMINCLUDE	\epoc32\include\libc \epoc32\include
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LIBRARY		estlib.lib euser.lib 
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#if defined(WINS)
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    deffile GuiAppEngWINS.def
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#else if defined(ARM)
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    deffile GuiAppEngARM.def
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#endif
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nostrictdef</codeblock> <p> 			 The output file is <filepath>GUIAppEng.dll</filepath>, whose import library 			 will be included by the UI.  		  </p> 
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		  <p> 	 	 The first UID specified (<codeph>0x1000008d</codeph>)
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is the standard UID 			 for an interface DLL. The second UID (<codeph>0x01100a02</codeph>) is unique to the 			 <filepath>GUIApp</filepath> project.  		  </p>  		  <p>  		 Splitting the project into engine
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and UI means that the definition of  		 <codeph>crc()</codeph> in <filepath>crc.c</filepath> must be marked <codeph>EXPORT_C</codeph>  		 because
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this function will be exported from the engine's DLL.  		  </p>  		
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 <p> 			 For more information on DLLs, see <xref href="GUID-4A56B285-790E-5171-88F3-8C40B2AA9699.dita">DLLs</xref>.  		
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 </p>  </section>
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<section id="GUID-52000200-5CFD-4FE1-B80E-0A5F4C7E050D"> <title>Porting
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checksum - the GUI app</title> <p> 			 The implementation of checksum
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(<filepath>GUIApp.app</filepath>) limits the 			 user to the selection
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of a single file at a time and uses the default algorithm 			 <codeph>crc()</codeph>, defined in <filepath>crc.c</filepath>, to produce
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a 32-bit value.  		  </p>  		  <p> 			 The user interface provides
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two main menu commands; <codeph>Calculate 			 checksum</codeph> (invokes
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a file selection dialog) and <codeph>View  		 checksums</codeph>.
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When a file is selected and <codeph>OK</codeph> is pressed, the 			
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selected file name is retrieved and opened as shown in the following
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code:  		  </p>  		  <codeblock xml:space="preserve">const TUint16* fn = iFileName-&gt;PtrZ();
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int fd = wopen( ( const wchar_t* )fn, O_RDONLY, 0 ); </codeblock> 
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		  <p>  		 This code fragment is taken from 			 <filepath>examples\stdlib\GUIApp.cpp.</filepath>  		  </p>  		  <p> 			 <codeph>open()</codeph> returns a file descriptor
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which the engine's 			 <codeph>crc()</codeph> function uses to identify
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the file. The checksum is 			 calculated (unless an error occurred
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in attempting to open or read the file), 			 and is displayed. The
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file is closed.  		  </p>  		  <p> 			 The file name and checksum
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are appended to an array, the contents of 			 which may be viewed
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by selecting <codeph>View checksums</codeph>.  		  </p> </section>
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<section id="SECTION_7A8BA355A42C45C3A14EDF1756AB1126"> 		  <title>Linking to STDLIB - The project specification</title> 		  <p> 			
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The application program includes several STDLIB header files, located
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			 in <filepath>\epoc32\include\libc\</filepath>. At link time, the
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program includes 			 <filepath>estlib.lib</filepath> and the engine
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DLL's <filepath>.lib</filepath> 			 (<filepath>GUIAppEng.lib</filepath>). Unlike the previous examples, this application 			 does not link
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to <filepath>ecrt0.lib</filepath>. In this application there is no
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			 <codeph>main()</codeph> and the Symbian platform provides its
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own 			 <codeph>E32Main()</codeph>.  		  </p>  		   		</section>
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<section id="GUID-39A0C47A-38DC-4487-981D-D8BBC50D6DCF"> 		<title>Some potential issues</title> <ul id="UL_632D231449CE4474996ACD148CB9754D">
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<li> <p><b>Removing writeable static</b></p>         <p> 			 The PETRAN
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stage of building may report a message similar to the 			 following:
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 		  </p>  		  <codeblock xml:space="preserve">WARNING: Dll 'SLSUMENG[0x01000a02].DLL' has initialised data.</codeblock>  		  <p> 			 This warning, which is not reported when building for
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the Emulator, 			 indicates that the DLL contains non-const static
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data. This is not allowed in 			 ARM builds. If it is not obvious
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where the problem occurs, the associated 			 <filepath>.map</filepath> file 			 (<filepath>epoc32\release\&lt;target&gt;\urel\&lt;dllname&gt;.map</filepath>) contains 			 information which can help to track down the source
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file involved. A search for 			 <codeph>from *(.bss)</codeph> (to
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find uninitialised data) or <codeph>from 			 *(.data)</codeph> (to
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find initialised data) in <filepath>GUIAPPEng.map</filepath> will
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			 reveal the file in which the problem occurs, and the names of
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the offending 			 variables, although static variables will not be
80ef3a206772 Week 28 contribution of PDK documentation content. See release notes for details. Fixes bugs Bug 1897, Bug 344, Bug 2681, Bug 463, Bug 1522.
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named.  		  </p>  </li>
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<li id="LI_BAD062FD16EC4CC8A11F13D0ACEE8378"><p><b>Include file clashes</b></p> <p>  		 In C++ source files which use STDLIB routines, the Symbian
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platform 		  C++ include files must be included before any of the
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STDLIB files. Failure to 			 do this will result in the following
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warning:  		  </p>  		  <codeblock xml:space="preserve">'NULL' : macro redefinition"</codeblock>  </li>
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<li> <p><b>Mixing C and C++</b></p> <p> 			 C and C++ have different
80ef3a206772 Week 28 contribution of PDK documentation content. See release notes for details. Fixes bugs Bug 1897, Bug 344, Bug 2681, Bug 463, Bug 1522.
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views about the names of functions. If you 			 refer to a C function
80ef3a206772 Week 28 contribution of PDK documentation content. See release notes for details. Fixes bugs Bug 1897, Bug 344, Bug 2681, Bug 463, Bug 1522.
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from C++, ensure that its prototype is declared as 			 <codeph>extern
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"C"</codeph>. If there are several such function declarations, it
80ef3a206772 Week 28 contribution of PDK documentation content. See release notes for details. Fixes bugs Bug 1897, Bug 344, Bug 2681, Bug 463, Bug 1522.
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			 may be more convenient to enclose them within the following: 
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		  </p>  		  <codeblock xml:space="preserve">#ifdef __cplusplus
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extern "C" 
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    {
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    #endif
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    ...
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    #ifdef __cplusplus
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    }
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#endif</codeblock>  		  <p> 			 See for example <filepath>examples\stdlib\GUIApp\extern.h</filepath>.  		  </p>  </li>
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<li id="LI_68EE8B3B25594B48864D5183BA8155AB"> <p><b>Stack usage</b></p> <p>  		 Some programs produce the following error:  		  </p>  		  <codeblock xml:space="preserve">unresolved external symbol __chkstk</codeblock> 
80ef3a206772 Week 28 contribution of PDK documentation content. See release notes for details. Fixes bugs Bug 1897, Bug 344, Bug 2681, Bug 463, Bug 1522.
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		  <p> 			 unless the amount of stack they use is reduced. Symbian
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threads have 			 only 8k stack by default.  		  </p>  </li>
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<li> <p><b>Resource cleanup</b></p> <p> 			The Symbian platform has
80ef3a206772 Week 28 contribution of PDK documentation content. See release notes for details. Fixes bugs Bug 1897, Bug 344, Bug 2681, Bug 463, Bug 1522.
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a requirement that all resources which were 			 allocated by an application
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must be cleaned up by the time the program 			 terminates. On the
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Emulator, in debug builds, failure to do this will cause a 			 panic
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from the <codeph>__UHEAP_MARKEND</codeph> macro.  		  </p>  		  <p> 			 Because the data allocated in the thread-local storage for STDLIB's
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			 DLL (the <codeph>_reent</codeph> structure) is not automatically
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cleaned up when 			 the environment is destroyed, it must be cleaned
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up by the user of STDLIB.  		  </p>  		  <p> 			 The function to achieve
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this is <codeph>CloseSTDLIB()</codeph>. To use 			 this function,
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file <filepath>epoc32\include\libc\sys\reent.h</filepath> must be
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			 included in the project. Call <codeph>CloseSTDLIB()</codeph> after
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the point at 			 which it is known that code in STDLIB's DLL will
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no longer be called and its 			 thread-local storage no longer needed.
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 		  </p>  	   <p> 			 For example, see the destructor for <codeph>CExampleDocument</codeph> in 			 <filepath>examples\stdlib\GUIApp\GUIApp.cpp</filepath>.  		  </p>   </li>
80ef3a206772 Week 28 contribution of PDK documentation content. See release notes for details. Fixes bugs Bug 1897, Bug 344, Bug 2681, Bug 463, Bug 1522.
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</ul>  		   		</section>
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</conbody><related-links>
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<link href="GUID-4A56B285-790E-5171-88F3-8C40B2AA9699.dita"><linktext>DLLs</linktext>
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</link>
5
f345bda72bc4 Week 12 contribution of PDK documentation_content. See release notes for details. Fixes Bug 2054, Bug 1583, Bug 381, Bug 390, Bug 463, Bug 1897, Bug 344, Bug 1319, Bug 394, Bug 1520, Bug 1522, Bug 1892"
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</related-links></concept>