Symbian3/SDK/Source/GUID-7FD05006-09C1-4EF4-A2EB-AD98C2FA8866.dita
author Dominic Pinkman <Dominic.Pinkman@Nokia.com>
Thu, 21 Jan 2010 18:18:20 +0000
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!-- Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies) All rights reserved. -->
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<!-- This component and the accompanying materials are made available under the terms of the License 
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"Eclipse Public License v1.0" which accompanies this distribution, 
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and is available at the URL "http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html". -->
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<!-- Initial Contributors:
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    Nokia Corporation - initial contribution.
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Contributors: 
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE concept
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  PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Concept//EN" "concept.dtd">
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<concept id="GUID-7FD05006-09C1-4EF4-A2EB-AD98C2FA8866" xml:lang="en"><title>GLib
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Event Loop</title><shortdesc>The GLib event loop manages all the sources of an event available
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for GLib. These events can come from different kinds of sources like file
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descriptors (plain file descriptors, sockets, or pipes), time-outs, or any
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kind of source that can be added.</shortdesc><prolog><metadata><keywords/></metadata></prolog><conbody>
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<p>To allow multiple independent sets of events to be handled in different
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threads, each source is associated with a <codeph>GMainContext</codeph>.</p>
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<p>Each event source is given a priority. The default priority is <codeph>G_PRIORITY_DEFAULT</codeph> and
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its value is 0. Values less than 0 denote higher priority and values greater
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than zero denote lower priority. The events from higher priority sources are
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processed earlier than events from lower priority sources.</p>
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<p>The <codeph>GMainLoop</codeph> data type represents an event loop. <codeph>GMainContext</codeph> is
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a parameter to <codeph>GMainLoop</codeph>. If <codeph>GMainContext</codeph> is
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passed as NULL, then a main loop with the default context is created. After
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the sources are added to <codeph>GMainContext</codeph> and a <codeph>GMainLoop</codeph> variable
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is created, <codeph>g_main_loop_run()</codeph> is called. This checks continuously
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for events from its sources and dispatches them. Finally when all the events
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have been processed, <codeph>g_main_loop_quit()</codeph> must be called to
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return from <codeph>g_main_loop_run()</codeph>.</p>
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<note>Sources are associated with <codeph>GMainContext</codeph> and not with <codeph>GMainLoop</codeph>.
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Events from sources will be checked and dispatched from all the <codeph>GMainLoop</codeph> the <codeph>GMainContext</codeph> is
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associated with.</note>
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<section id="GUID-FE1BB596-6331-4AB8-BC5A-C8ADE24ACE7B">       <title>Creating
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an event loop</title>       <p>GLib provides ready-made functions for adding
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the following sources either to the default context or to a custom context:</p><ul>
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<li><p>time-outs</p></li>
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<li><p>I/O</p></li>
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<li><p>child watch</p></li>
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<li><p>idle source (events from idle sources are ready if none of the other
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sources with priority &gt; G_PRIORITY_DEFAULT are ready) </p></li>
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</ul><p>The following example code demonstrates the way to add a time-out
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source to the default context. The program makes 10 calls to <codeph>timeout_callback()</codeph>,
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which at the 10th call, calls <codeph>g_main_loop_quit</codeph> to make the
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main loop return.</p><codeblock xml:space="preserve">#include &lt;glib.h&gt;
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gboolean timeout_callback(gpointer data)
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{
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    static int i = 0;
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    i++;
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    g_print("timeout_callback called %d times\n", i);
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    if (10 == i)
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    {
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        g_main_loop_quit( (GMainLoop*)data );
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        return FALSE;
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    }
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    return TRUE;
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}
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int main()
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{
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    GMainLoop *loop;
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    loop = g_main_loop_new ( NULL , FALSE );
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    // add source to default context
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    g_timeout_add (100 , timeout_callback , loop); 
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    g_main_loop_run (loop);
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    g_main_loop_unref(loop);
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    return 0;
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}
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</codeblock><p>The following code demonstrates the method to add the time-out
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source to a different context than the default context:</p><codeblock xml:space="preserve">#include &lt;glib.h&gt;
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gboolean timeout_callback(gpointer data)
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{
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    static int i = 0;
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    i++;
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    g_print("timeout_callback called %d times\n",i);
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    if(10 == i)
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    {
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        g_main_loop_quit((GMainLoop*)data);
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        return FALSE;
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    }
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    return TRUE;
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}
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int main()
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{
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    GMainLoop *loop = NULL;
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    GMainContext *context;
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    GSource *source;
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    int id;
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    //create a new time-out source
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    source = g_timeout_source_new(10);
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    //create a context
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    context = g_main_context_new();
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    //attach source to context
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    id = g_source_attach(source,context);
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    //create a main loop with context
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    loop = g_main_loop_new(context,FALSE);
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    //set the callback for this source
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    g_source_set_callback (source,timeout_callback,loop,NULL);
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    g_main_loop_run (loop);
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    g_main_loop_unref (loop);
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    return 0;
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}
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</codeblock><p>The same process can be used for other default sources like
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child watch, I/O, and idle source since they are GLib APIs that allow the
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creation of a source directly.</p>     </section>
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<section id="GUID-76BB5D34-F4C9-4015-8A52-2CDAB37716A0"><title>Creating a
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new source</title><p>The previous section applies only to four types of sources
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( time-outs, I/O, child watch, and idle source ), for which GLib provides
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ready-made functions. The program below demonstrates the creation of a new
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source.</p><codeblock xml:space="preserve">#include &lt;glib.h&gt;
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gboolean callback(gpointer data)
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{
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    static int i = 0;
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    i++;
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    g_print ("timeout_callback called %d times\n",i);
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    if (10 == i)
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    {
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        g_main_loop_quit((GMainLoop*)data);
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        return FALSE;
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    }
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    return TRUE;
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}
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gboolean prepare(GSource *source,gint *timeout_)
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{
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    *timeout_ = -1;
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    return TRUE;
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}
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gboolean check(GSource *source)
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{
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    return TRUE;
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}
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gboolean dispatch(GSource *source,GSourceFunc callback,gpointer user_data)
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{
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    if (callback(user_data))
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        return TRUE;
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    else
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        return FALSE;
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}
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int main()
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{
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    GMainLoop *loop = NULL;
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    GMainContext *context;
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    GSource *source;
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    int id;
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    //create a variable of type GSourceFuncs
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    GSourceFuncs SourceFuncs =
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    {
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        prepare,
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        check,
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        dispatch,
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        NULL
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    };
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    //create a new source
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    source = g_source_new (&amp;SourceFuncs, sizeof(GSource));
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    //create a context
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    context = g_main_context_new ();
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    //attach source to context
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    id = g_source_attach (source,context);
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    //create a main loop with context
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    loop = g_main_loop_new (context,FALSE);
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    //set the callback for this source
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    g_source_set_callback (source,callback,loop,NULL);
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    g_main_loop_run (loop);
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    g_main_loop_unref (loop);
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    return 0;
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}
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</codeblock><p>The creation of a new source requires us to define at least
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3 functions:</p><ul>
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<li><p><b><codeph>prepare()</codeph></b>: Called before all the file descriptors
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are polled. If the source can determine that it is ready here (without waiting
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for the results of the poll() call), it should return TRUE. It can also return
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a time-out value which should be the maximum time-out (in milliseconds) which
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should be passed to the poll() call. The actual time-out used will be -1 if
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all sources returned -1, or it will be the minimum of all the timeout_values
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returned which were &gt;= 0</p></li>
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<li><p><b><codeph>check()</codeph></b>: Called after all the file descriptors
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are polled. The source should return TRUE if it is ready to be dispatched.</p><note>Time
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may have passed since the previous prepare function was called, so the source
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should be checked again.</note></li>
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<li><p><b><codeph>dispatch()</codeph></b> Called to dispatch the event source
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after it has returned TRUE in either its prepare or check function. The dispatch
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function is passed in a callback function and data. The callback function
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may be NULL if the source was never connected to a callback using <codeph>g_source_set_callback()</codeph>.
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The dispatch function should call the callback function with <codeph>user_data</codeph> and
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the additional parameters that are needed for this type of event source.</p></li>
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</ul></section>
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<section id="GUID-675507D7-A769-48DA-8EE6-2AA271C0EC86"><title>Customizing
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the main loop iteration</title><p>Single iteration of <codeph>GMainContext</codeph> can
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be run in <codeph>g_main_context_iteration ()</codeph>. When a more detailed
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control of how the main loop runs is desired call the component function of <codeph>g_main_context
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iteration()</codeph> directly.</p><p>The component functions of <codeph>g_main_context
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iteration()</codeph> are listed below:</p><ul>
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<li><p><codeph>g_main_context_prepare()</codeph></p></li>
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<li><p><codeph>g_main_context_query()</codeph></p></li>
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<li><p><codeph>g_main_context_check()</codeph> </p></li>
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</ul></section>
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</conbody></concept>