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   137 .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C

   138 .\" ======================================================================

   139 .\"

   140 .IX Title "GCC 1"

   141 .TH GCC 1 "gcc-3.4.5" "2006-01-18" "GNU"

   142 .UC

   143 .SH "NAME"

   144 gcc \- \s-1GNU\s0 project C and \*(C+ compiler

   145 .SH "SYNOPSIS"

   146 .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"

   147 gcc [\fB\-c\fR|\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-E\fR] [\fB\-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR]

   148     [\fB\-g\fR] [\fB\-pg\fR] [\fB\-O\fR\fIlevel\fR]

   149     [\fB\-W\fR\fIwarn\fR...] [\fB\-pedantic\fR]

   150     [\fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR...] [\fB\-L\fR\fIdir\fR...]

   151     [\fB\-D\fR\fImacro\fR[=\fIdefn\fR]...] [\fB\-U\fR\fImacro\fR]

   152     [\fB\-f\fR\fIoption\fR...] [\fB\-m\fR\fImachine-option\fR...]

   153     [\fB\-o\fR \fIoutfile\fR] \fIinfile\fR...

   154 .PP

   155 Only the most useful options are listed here; see below for the

   156 remainder.  \fBg++\fR accepts mostly the same options as \fBgcc\fR.

   157 .SH "DESCRIPTION"

   158 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"

   159 When you invoke \s-1GCC\s0, it normally does preprocessing, compilation,

   160 assembly and linking.  The ``overall options'' allow you to stop this

   161 process at an intermediate stage.  For example, the \fB\-c\fR option

   162 says not to run the linker.  Then the output consists of object files

   163 output by the assembler.

   164 .PP

   165 Other options are passed on to one stage of processing.  Some options

   166 control the preprocessor and others the compiler itself.  Yet other

   167 options control the assembler and linker; most of these are not

   168 documented here, since you rarely need to use any of them.

   169 .PP

   170 Most of the command line options that you can use with \s-1GCC\s0 are useful

   171 for C programs; when an option is only useful with another language

   172 (usually \*(C+), the explanation says so explicitly.  If the description

   173 for a particular option does not mention a source language, you can use

   174 that option with all supported languages.

   175 .PP

   176 The \fBgcc\fR program accepts options and file names as operands.  Many

   177 options have multi-letter names; therefore multiple single-letter options

   178 may \fInot\fR be grouped: \fB\-dr\fR is very different from \fB\-d\ \-r\fR.

   179 .PP

   180 You can mix options and other arguments.  For the most part, the order

   181 you use doesn't matter.  Order does matter when you use several options

   182 of the same kind; for example, if you specify \fB\-L\fR more than once,

   183 the directories are searched in the order specified.

   184 .PP

   185 Many options have long names starting with \fB\-f\fR or with

   186 \&\fB\-W\fR\-\-\-for example, \fB\-fforce-mem\fR,

   187 \&\fB\-fstrength-reduce\fR, \fB\-Wformat\fR and so on.  Most of

   188 these have both positive and negative forms; the negative form of

   189 \&\fB\-ffoo\fR would be \fB\-fno-foo\fR.  This manual documents

   190 only one of these two forms, whichever one is not the default.

   191 .SH "OPTIONS"

   192 .IX Header "OPTIONS"

   193 .Sh "Option Summary"

   194 .IX Subsection "Option Summary"

   195 Here is a summary of all the options, grouped by type.  Explanations are

   196 in the following sections.

   197 .Ip "\fIOverall Options\fR" 4

   198 .IX Item "Overall Options"

   199 \&\fB\-c  \-S  \-E  \-o\fR \fIfile\fR  \fB\-pipe  \-pass-exit-codes  

   200 \&\-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR  \fB\-v  \-###  \-\-help  \-\-target-help  \-\-version\fR

   201 .Ip "\fIC Language Options\fR" 4

   202 .IX Item "C Language Options"

   203 \&\fB\-ansi  \-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR  \fB\-aux-info\fR \fIfilename\fR 

   204 \&\fB\-fno-asm  \-fno-builtin  \-fno-builtin-\fR\fIfunction\fR 

   205 \&\fB\-fhosted  \-ffreestanding  \-fms-extensions 

   206 \&\-trigraphs  \-no-integrated-cpp  \-traditional  \-traditional-cpp 

   207 \&\-fallow-single-precision  \-fcond-mismatch 

   208 \&\-fsigned-bitfields  \-fsigned-char 

   209 \&\-funsigned-bitfields  \-funsigned-char 

   210 \&\-fwritable-strings\fR

   211 .Ip "\fI\*(C+ Language Options\fR" 4

   212 .IX Item " Language Options"

   213 \&\fB\-fabi-version=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-fno-access-control  \-fcheck-new 

   214 \&\-fconserve-space  \-fno-const-strings 

   215 \&\-fno-elide-constructors 

   216 \&\-fno-enforce-eh-specs 

   217 \&\-ffor-scope  \-fno-for-scope  \-fno-gnu-keywords 

   218 \&\-fno-implicit-templates 

   219 \&\-fno-implicit-inline-templates 

   220 \&\-fno-implement-inlines  \-fms-extensions 

   221 \&\-fno-nonansi-builtins  \-fno-operator-names 

   222 \&\-fno-optional-diags  \-fpermissive 

   223 \&\-frepo  \-fno-rtti  \-fstats  \-ftemplate-depth-\fR\fIn\fR 

   224 \&\fB\-fuse-cxa-atexit  \-fno-weak  \-nostdinc++ 

   225 \&\-fno-default-inline  \-Wabi  \-Wctor-dtor-privacy 

   226 \&\-Wnon-virtual-dtor  \-Wreorder 

   227 \&\-Weffc++  \-Wno-deprecated 

   228 \&\-Wno-non-template-friend  \-Wold-style-cast 

   229 \&\-Woverloaded-virtual  \-Wno-pmf-conversions 

   230 \&\-Wsign-promo\fR

   231 .Ip "\fIObjective-C Language Options\fR" 4

   232 .IX Item "Objective-C Language Options"

   233 \&\fB\-fconstant-string-class=\fR\fIclass-name\fR 

   234 \&\fB\-fgnu-runtime  \-fnext-runtime 

   235 \&\-fno-nil-receivers 

   236 \&\-fobjc-exceptions 

   237 \&\-freplace-objc-classes 

   238 \&\-fzero-link 

   239 \&\-gen-decls 

   240 \&\-Wno-protocol  \-Wselector \-Wundeclared-selector\fR

   241 .Ip "\fILanguage Independent Options\fR" 4

   242 .IX Item "Language Independent Options"

   243 \&\fB\-fmessage-length=\fR\fIn\fR  

   244 \&\fB\-fdiagnostics-show-location=\fR[\fBonce\fR|\fBevery-line\fR]

   245 .Ip "\fIWarning Options\fR" 4

   246 .IX Item "Warning Options"

   247 \&\fB\-fsyntax-only  \-pedantic  \-pedantic-errors 

   248 \&\-w  \-Wextra  \-Wall  \-Waggregate-return 

   249 \&\-Wcast-align  \-Wcast-qual  \-Wchar-subscripts  \-Wcomment 

   250 \&\-Wconversion  \-Wno-deprecated-declarations 

   251 \&\-Wdisabled-optimization  \-Wno-div-by-zero  \-Wendif-labels 

   252 \&\-Werror  \-Werror-implicit-function-declaration 

   253 \&\-Wfloat-equal  \-Wformat  \-Wformat=2 

   254 \&\-Wno-format-extra-args \-Wformat-nonliteral 

   255 \&\-Wformat-security  \-Wformat-y2k 

   256 \&\-Wimplicit  \-Wimplicit-function-declaration  \-Wimplicit-int 

   257 \&\-Wimport  \-Wno-import  \-Winit-self  \-Winline 

   258 \&\-Wno-invalid-offsetof  \-Winvalid-pch 

   259 \&\-Wlarger-than-\fR\fIlen\fR  \fB\-Wlong-long 

   260 \&\-Wmain  \-Wmissing-braces 

   261 \&\-Wmissing-format-attribute  \-Wmissing-noreturn 

   262 \&\-Wno-multichar  \-Wnonnull  \-Wpacked  \-Wpadded 

   263 \&\-Wparentheses  \-Wpointer-arith  \-Wredundant-decls 

   264 \&\-Wreturn-type  \-Wsequence-point  \-Wshadow 

   265 \&\-Wsign-compare  \-Wstrict-aliasing 

   266 \&\-Wswitch  \-Wswitch-default  \-Wswitch-enum 

   267 \&\-Wsystem-headers  \-Wtrigraphs  \-Wundef  \-Wuninitialized 

   268 \&\-Wunknown-pragmas  \-Wunreachable-code 

   269 \&\-Wunused  \-Wunused-function  \-Wunused-label  \-Wunused-parameter 

   270 \&\-Wunused-value  \-Wunused-variable  \-Wwrite-strings\fR

   271 .Ip "\fIC-only Warning Options\fR" 4

   272 .IX Item "C-only Warning Options"

   273 \&\fB\-Wbad-function-cast  \-Wmissing-declarations 

   274 \&\-Wmissing-prototypes  \-Wnested-externs  \-Wold-style-definition 

   275 \&\-Wstrict-prototypes  \-Wtraditional 

   276 \&\-Wdeclaration-after-statement\fR

   277 .Ip "\fIDebugging Options\fR" 4

   278 .IX Item "Debugging Options"

   279 \&\fB\-d\fR\fIletters\fR  \fB\-dumpspecs  \-dumpmachine  \-dumpversion 

   280 \&\-fdump-unnumbered  \-fdump-translation-unit\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR] 

   281 \&\fB\-fdump-class-hierarchy\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR] 

   282 \&\fB\-fdump-tree-original\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR]  

   283 \&\fB\-fdump-tree-optimized\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR] 

   284 \&\fB\-fdump-tree-inlined\fR[\fB-\fR\fIn\fR] 

   285 \&\fB\-feliminate-dwarf2\-dups \-feliminate-unused-debug-types 

   286 \&\-feliminate-unused-debug-symbols \-fmem-report \-fprofile-arcs 

   287 \&\-frandom-seed=\fR\fIstring\fR \fB\-fsched-verbose=\fR\fIn\fR 

   288 \&\fB\-ftest-coverage  \-ftime-report 

   289 \&\-g  \-g\fR\fIlevel\fR  \fB\-gcoff \-gdwarf-2 

   290 \&\-ggdb  \-gstabs  \-gstabs+  \-gvms  \-gxcoff  \-gxcoff+ 

   291 \&\-p  \-pg  \-print-file-name=\fR\fIlibrary\fR  \fB\-print-libgcc-file-name 

   292 \&\-print-multi-directory  \-print-multi-lib 

   293 \&\-print-prog-name=\fR\fIprogram\fR  \fB\-print-search-dirs  \-Q 

   294 \&\-save-temps  \-time\fR

   295 .Ip "\fIOptimization Options\fR" 4

   296 .IX Item "Optimization Options"

   297 \&\fB\-falign-functions=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-falign-jumps=\fR\fIn\fR 

   298 \&\fB\-falign-labels=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-falign-loops=\fR\fIn\fR  

   299 \&\fB\-fbranch-probabilities \-fprofile-values \-fvpt \-fbranch-target-load-optimize 

   300 \&\-fbranch-target-load-optimize2 \-fcaller-saves  \-fcprop-registers 

   301 \&\-fcse-follow-jumps  \-fcse-skip-blocks  \-fdata-sections 

   302 \&\-fdelayed-branch  \-fdelete-null-pointer-checks 

   303 \&\-fexpensive-optimizations  \-ffast-math  \-ffloat-store 

   304 \&\-fforce-addr  \-fforce-mem  \-ffunction-sections 

   305 \&\-fgcse  \-fgcse-lm  \-fgcse-sm  \-fgcse-las  \-floop-optimize 

   306 \&\-fcrossjumping  \-fif-conversion  \-fif-conversion2 

   307 \&\-finline-functions  \-finline-limit=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-fkeep-inline-functions 

   308 \&\-fkeep-static-consts  \-fmerge-constants  \-fmerge-all-constants 

   309 \&\-fmove-all-movables  \-fnew-ra  \-fno-branch-count-reg 

   310 \&\-fno-default-inline  \-fno-defer-pop 

   311 \&\-fno-function-cse  \-fno-guess-branch-probability 

   312 \&\-fno-inline  \-fno-math-errno  \-fno-peephole  \-fno-peephole2 

   313 \&\-funsafe-math-optimizations  \-ffinite-math-only 

   314 \&\-fno-trapping-math  \-fno-zero-initialized-in-bss 

   315 \&\-fomit-frame-pointer  \-foptimize-register-move 

   316 \&\-foptimize-sibling-calls  \-fprefetch-loop-arrays 

   317 \&\-fprofile-generate \-fprofile-use 

   318 \&\-freduce-all-givs  \-fregmove  \-frename-registers 

   319 \&\-freorder-blocks  \-freorder-functions 

   320 \&\-frerun-cse-after-loop  \-frerun-loop-opt 

   321 \&\-frounding-math \-fschedule-insns  \-fschedule-insns2 

   322 \&\-fno-sched-interblock  \-fno-sched-spec  \-fsched-spec-load 

   323 \&\-fsched-spec-load-dangerous  

   324 \&\-fsched-stalled-insns=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-sched-stalled-insns-dep=\fR\fIn\fR 

   325 \&\fB\-fsched2\-use-superblocks 

   326 \&\-fsched2\-use-traces  \-fsignaling-nans 

   327 \&\-fsingle-precision-constant  

   328 \&\-fstrength-reduce  \-fstrict-aliasing  \-ftracer  \-fthread-jumps 

   329 \&\-funroll-all-loops  \-funroll-loops  \-fpeel-loops 

   330 \&\-funswitch-loops  \-fold-unroll-loops  \-fold-unroll-all-loops 

   331 \&\-\-param\fR \fIname\fR\fB=\fR\fIvalue\fR

   332 \&\fB\-O  \-O0  \-O1  \-O2  \-O3  \-Os\fR

   333 .Ip "\fIPreprocessor Options\fR" 4

   334 .IX Item "Preprocessor Options"

   335 \&\fB\-A\fR\fIquestion\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR 

   336 \&\fB\-A-\fR\fIquestion\fR[\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR] 

   337 \&\fB\-C  \-dD  \-dI  \-dM  \-dN 

   338 \&\-D\fR\fImacro\fR[\fB=\fR\fIdefn\fR]  \fB\-E  \-H 

   339 \&\-idirafter\fR \fIdir\fR 

   340 \&\fB\-include\fR \fIfile\fR  \fB\-imacros\fR \fIfile\fR 

   341 \&\fB\-iprefix\fR \fIfile\fR  \fB\-iwithprefix\fR \fIdir\fR 

   342 \&\fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR \fIdir\fR  \fB\-isystem\fR \fIdir\fR 

   343 \&\fB\-M  \-MM  \-MF  \-MG  \-MP  \-MQ  \-MT  \-nostdinc  

   344 \&\-P  \-fworking-directory  \-remap 

   345 \&\-trigraphs  \-undef  \-U\fR\fImacro\fR  \fB\-Wp,\fR\fIoption\fR 

   346 \&\fB\-Xpreprocessor\fR \fIoption\fR

   347 .Ip "\fIAssembler Option\fR" 4

   348 .IX Item "Assembler Option"

   349 \&\fB\-Wa,\fR\fIoption\fR  \fB\-Xassembler\fR \fIoption\fR

   350 .Ip "\fILinker Options\fR" 4

   351 .IX Item "Linker Options"

   352 \&\fIobject-file-name\fR  \fB\-l\fR\fIlibrary\fR 

   353 \&\fB\-nostartfiles  \-nodefaultlibs  \-nostdlib \-pie 

   354 \&\-s  \-static  \-static-libgcc  \-shared  \-shared-libgcc  \-symbolic 

   355 \&\-Wl,\fR\fIoption\fR  \fB\-Xlinker\fR \fIoption\fR 

   356 \&\fB\-u\fR \fIsymbol\fR

   357 .Ip "\fIDirectory Options\fR" 4

   358 .IX Item "Directory Options"

   359 \&\fB\-B\fR\fIprefix\fR  \fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR  \fB\-I-  \-L\fR\fIdir\fR  \fB\-specs=\fR\fIfile\fR

   360 .Ip "\fITarget Options\fR" 4

   361 .IX Item "Target Options"

   362 \&\fB\-V\fR \fIversion\fR  \fB\-b\fR \fImachine\fR

   363 .Ip "\fIMachine Dependent Options\fR" 4

   364 .IX Item "Machine Dependent Options"

   365 \&\fIM680x0 Options\fR

   366 \&\fB\-m68000  \-m68020  \-m68020\-40  \-m68020\-60  \-m68030  \-m68040 

   367 \&\-m68060  \-mcpu32  \-m5200  \-m68881  \-mbitfield  \-mc68000  \-mc68020   

   368 \&\-mnobitfield  \-mrtd  \-mshort  \-msoft-float  \-mpcrel 

   369 \&\-malign-int  \-mstrict-align  \-msep-data  \-mno-sep-data 

   370 \&\-mshared-library-id=n  \-mid-shared-library  \-mno-id-shared-library\fR

   371 .Sp

   372 \&\fIM68hc1x Options\fR

   373 \&\fB\-m6811  \-m6812  \-m68hc11  \-m68hc12   \-m68hcs12 

   374 \&\-mauto-incdec  \-minmax  \-mlong-calls  \-mshort 

   375 \&\-msoft-reg-count=\fR\fIcount\fR

   376 .Sp

   377 \&\fI\s-1VAX\s0 Options\fR

   378 \&\fB\-mg  \-mgnu  \-munix\fR

   379 .Sp

   380 \&\fI\s-1SPARC\s0 Options\fR

   381 \&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 

   382 \&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 

   383 \&\fB\-mcmodel=\fR\fIcode-model\fR 

   384 \&\fB\-m32  \-m64  \-mapp-regs  \-mno-app-regs 

   385 \&\-mfaster-structs  \-mno-faster-structs 

   386 \&\-mflat  \-mno-flat  \-mfpu  \-mno-fpu 

   387 \&\-mhard-float  \-msoft-float 

   388 \&\-mhard-quad-float  \-msoft-quad-float 

   389 \&\-mimpure-text  \-mno-impure-text  \-mlittle-endian 

   390 \&\-mstack-bias  \-mno-stack-bias 

   391 \&\-munaligned-doubles  \-mno-unaligned-doubles 

   392 \&\-mv8plus  \-mno-v8plus  \-mvis  \-mno-vis 

   393 \&\-mcypress  \-mf930  \-mf934 

   394 \&\-msparclite  \-msupersparc  \-mv8

   395 \&\-threads \-pthreads\fR

   396 .Sp

   397 \&\fI\s-1ARM\s0 Options\fR

   398 \&\fB\-mapcs-frame  \-mno-apcs-frame 

   399 \&\-mapcs-26  \-mapcs-32 

   400 \&\-mapcs-stack-check  \-mno-apcs-stack-check 

   401 \&\-mapcs-float  \-mno-apcs-float 

   402 \&\-mapcs-reentrant  \-mno-apcs-reentrant 

   403 \&\-msched-prolog  \-mno-sched-prolog 

   404 \&\-mlittle-endian  \-mbig-endian  \-mwords-little-endian 

   405 \&\-malignment-traps  \-mno-alignment-traps 

   406 \&\-msoft-float  \-mhard-float  \-mfpe 

   407 \&\-mthumb-interwork  \-mno-thumb-interwork 

   408 \&\-mcpu=\fR\fIname\fR  \fB\-march=\fR\fIname\fR  \fB\-mfpe=\fR\fIname\fR  

   409 \&\fB\-mstructure-size-boundary=\fR\fIn\fR 

   410 \&\fB\-mabort-on-noreturn 

   411 \&\-mlong-calls  \-mno-long-calls 

   412 \&\-msingle-pic-base  \-mno-single-pic-base 

   413 \&\-mpic-register=\fR\fIreg\fR 

   414 \&\fB\-mnop-fun-dllimport 

   415 \&\-mcirrus-fix-invalid-insns \-mno-cirrus-fix-invalid-insns 

   416 \&\-mpoke-function-name 

   417 \&\-mthumb  \-marm 

   418 \&\-mtpcs-frame  \-mtpcs-leaf-frame 

   419 \&\-mcaller-super-interworking  \-mcallee-super-interworking\fR

   420 .Sp

   421 \&\fI\s-1MN10300\s0 Options\fR

   422 \&\fB\-mmult-bug  \-mno-mult-bug 

   423 \&\-mam33  \-mno-am33 

   424 \&\-mam33\-2  \-mno-am33\-2 

   425 \&\-mno-crt0  \-mrelax\fR

   426 .Sp

   427 \&\fIM32R/D Options\fR

   428 \&\fB\-m32r2 \-m32rx \-m32r 

   429 \&\-mdebug 

   430 \&\-malign-loops \-mno-align-loops 

   431 \&\-missue-rate=\fR\fInumber\fR 

   432 \&\fB\-mbranch-cost=\fR\fInumber\fR 

   433 \&\fB\-mmodel=\fR\fIcode-size-model-type\fR 

   434 \&\fB\-msdata=\fR\fIsdata-type\fR 

   435 \&\fB\-mno-flush-func \-mflush-func=\fR\fIname\fR 

   436 \&\fB\-mno-flush-trap \-mflush-trap=\fR\fInumber\fR 

   437 \&\fB\-G\fR \fInum\fR

   438 .Sp

   439 \&\fI\s-1RS/6000\s0 and PowerPC Options\fR

   440 \&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 

   441 \&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 

   442 \&\fB\-mpower  \-mno-power  \-mpower2  \-mno-power2 

   443 \&\-mpowerpc  \-mpowerpc64  \-mno-powerpc 

   444 \&\-maltivec  \-mno-altivec 

   445 \&\-mpowerpc-gpopt  \-mno-powerpc-gpopt 

   446 \&\-mpowerpc-gfxopt  \-mno-powerpc-gfxopt 

   447 \&\-mnew-mnemonics  \-mold-mnemonics 

   448 \&\-mfull-toc   \-mminimal-toc  \-mno-fp-in-toc  \-mno-sum-in-toc 

   449 \&\-m64  \-m32  \-mxl-compat  \-mno-xl-compat  \-mpe 

   450 \&\-malign-power  \-malign-natural 

   451 \&\-msoft-float  \-mhard-float  \-mmultiple  \-mno-multiple 

   452 \&\-mstring  \-mno-string  \-mupdate  \-mno-update 

   453 \&\-mfused-madd  \-mno-fused-madd  \-mbit-align  \-mno-bit-align 

   454 \&\-mstrict-align  \-mno-strict-align  \-mrelocatable 

   455 \&\-mno-relocatable  \-mrelocatable-lib  \-mno-relocatable-lib 

   456 \&\-mtoc  \-mno-toc  \-mlittle  \-mlittle-endian  \-mbig  \-mbig-endian 

   457 \&\-mdynamic-no-pic 

   458 \&\-mprioritize-restricted-insns=\fR\fIpriority\fR 

   459 \&\fB\-msched-costly-dep=\fR\fIdependence_type\fR 

   460 \&\fB\-minsert-sched-nops=\fR\fIscheme\fR 

   461 \&\fB\-mcall-sysv  \-mcall-netbsd 

   462 \&\-maix-struct-return  \-msvr4\-struct-return 

   463 \&\-mabi=altivec  \-mabi=no-altivec 

   464 \&\-mabi=spe  \-mabi=no-spe 

   465 \&\-misel=yes  \-misel=no 

   466 \&\-mspe=yes  \-mspe=no 

   467 \&\-mfloat-gprs=yes  \-mfloat-gprs=no 

   468 \&\-mprototype  \-mno-prototype 

   469 \&\-msim  \-mmvme  \-mads  \-myellowknife  \-memb  \-msdata 

   470 \&\-msdata=\fR\fIopt\fR  \fB\-mvxworks  \-mwindiss  \-G\fR \fInum\fR  \fB\-pthread\fR

   471 .Sp

   472 \&\fIDarwin Options\fR

   473 \&\fB\-all_load  \-allowable_client  \-arch  \-arch_errors_fatal 

   474 \&\-arch_only  \-bind_at_load  \-bundle  \-bundle_loader 

   475 \&\-client_name  \-compatibility_version  \-current_version 

   476 \&\-dependency-file  \-dylib_file  \-dylinker_install_name 

   477 \&\-dynamic  \-dynamiclib  \-exported_symbols_list 

   478 \&\-filelist  \-flat_namespace  \-force_cpusubtype_ALL 

   479 \&\-force_flat_namespace  \-headerpad_max_install_names 

   480 \&\-image_base  \-init  \-install_name  \-keep_private_externs 

   481 \&\-multi_module  \-multiply_defined  \-multiply_defined_unused 

   482 \&\-noall_load  \-nofixprebinding \-nomultidefs  \-noprebind  \-noseglinkedit 

   483 \&\-pagezero_size  \-prebind  \-prebind_all_twolevel_modules 

   484 \&\-private_bundle  \-read_only_relocs  \-sectalign 

   485 \&\-sectobjectsymbols  \-whyload  \-seg1addr 

   486 \&\-sectcreate  \-sectobjectsymbols  \-sectorder 

   487 \&\-seg_addr_table  \-seg_addr_table_filename  \-seglinkedit 

   488 \&\-segprot  \-segs_read_only_addr  \-segs_read_write_addr 

   489 \&\-single_module  \-static  \-sub_library  \-sub_umbrella 

   490 \&\-twolevel_namespace  \-umbrella  \-undefined 

   491 \&\-unexported_symbols_list  \-weak_reference_mismatches 

   492 \&\-whatsloaded\fR

   493 .Sp

   494 \&\fI\s-1MIPS\s0 Options\fR

   495 \&\fB\-EL  \-EB  \-march=\fR\fIarch\fR  \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIarch\fR 

   496 \&\fB\-mips1  \-mips2  \-mips3  \-mips4  \-mips32  \-mips32r2  \-mips64 

   497 \&\-mips16  \-mno-mips16  \-mabi=\fR\fIabi\fR  \fB\-mabicalls  \-mno-abicalls 

   498 \&\-mxgot  \-mno-xgot  \-membedded-pic  \-mno-embedded-pic 

   499 \&\-mgp32  \-mgp64  \-mfp32  \-mfp64  \-mhard-float  \-msoft-float 

   500 \&\-msingle-float  \-mdouble-float  \-mint64  \-mlong64  \-mlong32 

   501 \&\-G\fR\fInum\fR  \fB\-membedded-data  \-mno-embedded-data 

   502 \&\-muninit-const-in-rodata  \-mno-uninit-const-in-rodata 

   503 \&\-msplit-addresses  \-mno-split-addresses  

   504 \&\-mexplicit-relocs  \-mno-explicit-relocs  

   505 \&\-mrnames  \-mno-rnames 

   506 \&\-mcheck-zero-division  \-mno-check-zero-division 

   507 \&\-mmemcpy  \-mno-memcpy  \-mlong-calls  \-mno-long-calls 

   508 \&\-mmad  \-mno-mad  \-mfused-madd  \-mno-fused-madd  \-nocpp 

   509 \&\-mfix-sb1  \-mno-fix-sb1  \-mflush-func=\fR\fIfunc\fR 

   510 \&\fB\-mno-flush-func  \-mbranch-likely  \-mno-branch-likely\fR

   511 .Sp

   512 \&\fIi386 and x86\-64 Options\fR

   513 \&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR  \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 

   514 \&\fB\-mfpmath=\fR\fIunit\fR 

   515 \&\fB\-masm=\fR\fIdialect\fR  \fB\-mno-fancy-math-387 

   516 \&\-mno-fp-ret-in-387  \-msoft-float  \-msvr3\-shlib 

   517 \&\-mno-wide-multiply  \-mrtd  \-malign-double 

   518 \&\-mpreferred-stack-boundary=\fR\fInum\fR 

   519 \&\fB\-mmmx  \-msse  \-msse2 \-msse3 \-m3dnow 

   520 \&\-mthreads  \-mno-align-stringops  \-minline-all-stringops 

   521 \&\-mpush-args  \-maccumulate-outgoing-args  \-m128bit-long-double 

   522 \&\-m96bit-long-double  \-mregparm=\fR\fInum\fR  \fB\-momit-leaf-frame-pointer 

   523 \&\-mno-red-zone \-mno-tls-direct-seg-refs 

   524 \&\-mcmodel=\fR\fIcode-model\fR 

   525 \&\fB\-m32  \-m64 \-mstack-arg-probe\fR

   526 .Sp

   527 \&\fI\s-1HPPA\s0 Options\fR

   528 \&\fB\-march=\fR\fIarchitecture-type\fR 

   529 \&\fB\-mbig-switch  \-mdisable-fpregs  \-mdisable-indexing 

   530 \&\-mfast-indirect-calls  \-mgas  \-mgnu-ld   \-mhp-ld 

   531 \&\-mjump-in-delay \-mlinker-opt \-mlong-calls 

   532 \&\-mlong-load-store  \-mno-big-switch  \-mno-disable-fpregs 

   533 \&\-mno-disable-indexing  \-mno-fast-indirect-calls  \-mno-gas 

   534 \&\-mno-jump-in-delay  \-mno-long-load-store 

   535 \&\-mno-portable-runtime  \-mno-soft-float 

   536 \&\-mno-space-regs  \-msoft-float  \-mpa-risc-1\-0 

   537 \&\-mpa-risc-1\-1  \-mpa-risc-2\-0  \-mportable-runtime 

   538 \&\-mschedule=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR  \fB\-mspace-regs  \-msio  \-mwsio 

   539 \&\-nolibdld  \-static  \-threads\fR

   540 .Sp

   541 \&\fIIntel 960 Options\fR

   542 \&\fB\-m\fR\fIcpu-type\fR  \fB\-masm-compat  \-mclean-linkage 

   543 \&\-mcode-align  \-mcomplex-addr  \-mleaf-procedures 

   544 \&\-mic-compat  \-mic2.0\-compat  \-mic3.0\-compat 

   545 \&\-mintel-asm  \-mno-clean-linkage  \-mno-code-align 

   546 \&\-mno-complex-addr  \-mno-leaf-procedures 

   547 \&\-mno-old-align  \-mno-strict-align  \-mno-tail-call 

   548 \&\-mnumerics  \-mold-align  \-msoft-float  \-mstrict-align 

   549 \&\-mtail-call\fR

   550 .Sp

   551 \&\fI\s-1DEC\s0 Alpha Options\fR

   552 \&\fB\-mno-fp-regs  \-msoft-float  \-malpha-as  \-mgas 

   553 \&\-mieee  \-mieee-with-inexact  \-mieee-conformant 

   554 \&\-mfp-trap-mode=\fR\fImode\fR  \fB\-mfp-rounding-mode=\fR\fImode\fR 

   555 \&\fB\-mtrap-precision=\fR\fImode\fR  \fB\-mbuild-constants 

   556 \&\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR  \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 

   557 \&\fB\-mbwx  \-mmax  \-mfix  \-mcix 

   558 \&\-mfloat-vax  \-mfloat-ieee 

   559 \&\-mexplicit-relocs  \-msmall-data  \-mlarge-data 

   560 \&\-msmall-text  \-mlarge-text 

   561 \&\-mmemory-latency=\fR\fItime\fR

   562 .Sp

   563 \&\fI\s-1DEC\s0 Alpha/VMS Options\fR

   564 \&\fB\-mvms-return-codes\fR

   565 .Sp

   566 \&\fIH8/300 Options\fR

   567 \&\fB\-mrelax  \-mh  \-ms  \-mn  \-mint32  \-malign-300\fR

   568 .Sp

   569 \&\fI\s-1SH\s0 Options\fR

   570 \&\fB\-m1  \-m2  \-m2e  \-m3  \-m3e 

   571 \&\-m4\-nofpu  \-m4\-single-only  \-m4\-single  \-m4 

   572 \&\-m5\-64media  \-m5\-64media-nofpu 

   573 \&\-m5\-32media  \-m5\-32media-nofpu 

   574 \&\-m5\-compact  \-m5\-compact-nofpu 

   575 \&\-mb  \-ml  \-mdalign  \-mrelax 

   576 \&\-mbigtable  \-mfmovd  \-mhitachi  \-mnomacsave 

   577 \&\-mieee  \-misize  \-mpadstruct  \-mspace 

   578 \&\-mprefergot  \-musermode\fR

   579 .Sp

   580 \&\fISystem V Options\fR

   581 \&\fB\-Qy  \-Qn  \-YP,\fR\fIpaths\fR  \fB\-Ym,\fR\fIdir\fR

   582 .Sp

   583 \&\fI\s-1ARC\s0 Options\fR

   584 \&\fB\-EB  \-EL 

   585 \&\-mmangle-cpu  \-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR  \fB\-mtext=\fR\fItext-section\fR 

   586 \&\fB\-mdata=\fR\fIdata-section\fR  \fB\-mrodata=\fR\fIreadonly-data-section\fR

   587 .Sp

   588 \&\fITMS320C3x/C4x Options\fR

   589 \&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR  \fB\-mbig  \-msmall  \-mregparm  \-mmemparm 

   590 \&\-mfast-fix  \-mmpyi  \-mbk  \-mti  \-mdp-isr-reload 

   591 \&\-mrpts=\fR\fIcount\fR  \fB\-mrptb  \-mdb  \-mloop-unsigned 

   592 \&\-mparallel-insns  \-mparallel-mpy  \-mpreserve-float\fR

   593 .Sp

   594 \&\fIV850 Options\fR

   595 \&\fB\-mlong-calls  \-mno-long-calls  \-mep  \-mno-ep 

   596 \&\-mprolog-function  \-mno-prolog-function  \-mspace 

   597 \&\-mtda=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-msda=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-mzda=\fR\fIn\fR 

   598 \&\fB\-mapp-regs  \-mno-app-regs 

   599 \&\-mdisable-callt  \-mno-disable-callt 

   600 \&\-mv850e1 

   601 \&\-mv850e 

   602 \&\-mv850  \-mbig-switch\fR

   603 .Sp

   604 \&\fI\s-1NS32K\s0 Options\fR

   605 \&\fB\-m32032  \-m32332  \-m32532  \-m32081  \-m32381 

   606 \&\-mmult-add  \-mnomult-add  \-msoft-float  \-mrtd  \-mnortd 

   607 \&\-mregparam  \-mnoregparam  \-msb  \-mnosb 

   608 \&\-mbitfield  \-mnobitfield  \-mhimem  \-mnohimem\fR

   609 .Sp

   610 \&\fI\s-1AVR\s0 Options\fR

   611 \&\fB\-mmcu=\fR\fImcu\fR  \fB\-msize  \-minit-stack=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-mno-interrupts 

   612 \&\-mcall-prologues  \-mno-tablejump  \-mtiny-stack\fR

   613 .Sp

   614 \&\fIMCore Options\fR

   615 \&\fB\-mhardlit  \-mno-hardlit  \-mdiv  \-mno-div  \-mrelax-immediates 

   616 \&\-mno-relax-immediates  \-mwide-bitfields  \-mno-wide-bitfields 

   617 \&\-m4byte-functions  \-mno-4byte-functions  \-mcallgraph-data 

   618 \&\-mno-callgraph-data  \-mslow-bytes  \-mno-slow-bytes  \-mno-lsim 

   619 \&\-mlittle-endian  \-mbig-endian  \-m210  \-m340  \-mstack-increment\fR

   620 .Sp

   621 \&\fI\s-1MMIX\s0 Options\fR

   622 \&\fB\-mlibfuncs  \-mno-libfuncs  \-mepsilon  \-mno-epsilon  \-mabi=gnu 

   623 \&\-mabi=mmixware  \-mzero-extend  \-mknuthdiv  \-mtoplevel-symbols 

   624 \&\-melf  \-mbranch-predict  \-mno-branch-predict  \-mbase-addresses 

   625 \&\-mno-base-addresses  \-msingle-exit  \-mno-single-exit\fR

   626 .Sp

   627 \&\fI\s-1IA-64\s0 Options\fR

   628 \&\fB\-mbig-endian  \-mlittle-endian  \-mgnu-as  \-mgnu-ld  \-mno-pic 

   629 \&\-mvolatile-asm-stop  \-mb-step  \-mregister-names  \-mno-sdata 

   630 \&\-mconstant-gp  \-mauto-pic  \-minline-float-divide-min-latency 

   631 \&\-minline-float-divide-max-throughput 

   632 \&\-minline-int-divide-min-latency 

   633 \&\-minline-int-divide-max-throughput  

   634 \&\-minline-sqrt-min-latency \-minline-sqrt-max-throughput 

   635 \&\-mno-dwarf2\-asm \-mearly-stop-bits 

   636 \&\-mfixed-range=\fR\fIregister-range\fR \fB\-mtls-size=\fR\fItls-size\fR 

   637 \&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-mt \-pthread \-milp32 \-mlp64\fR

   638 .Sp

   639 \&\fID30V Options\fR

   640 \&\fB\-mextmem  \-mextmemory  \-monchip  \-mno-asm-optimize 

   641 \&\-masm-optimize  \-mbranch-cost=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-mcond-exec=\fR\fIn\fR

   642 .Sp

   643 \&\fIS/390 and zSeries Options\fR

   644 \&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR  \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 

   645 \&\fB\-mhard-float  \-msoft-float  \-mbackchain  \-mno-backchain 

   646 \&\-msmall-exec  \-mno-small-exec  \-mmvcle \-mno-mvcle 

   647 \&\-m64  \-m31  \-mdebug  \-mno-debug  \-mesa  \-mzarch  \-mfused-madd  \-mno-fused-madd\fR

   648 .Sp

   649 \&\fI\s-1CRIS\s0 Options\fR

   650 \&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR  \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu\fR  \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu\fR 

   651 \&\fB\-mmax-stack-frame=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-melinux-stacksize=\fR\fIn\fR 

   652 \&\fB\-metrax4  \-metrax100  \-mpdebug  \-mcc-init  \-mno-side-effects 

   653 \&\-mstack-align  \-mdata-align  \-mconst-align 

   654 \&\-m32\-bit  \-m16\-bit  \-m8\-bit  \-mno-prologue-epilogue  \-mno-gotplt 

   655 \&\-melf  \-maout  \-melinux  \-mlinux  \-sim  \-sim2 

   656 \&\-mmul-bug-workaround  \-mno-mul-bug-workaround\fR

   657 .Sp

   658 \&\fI\s-1PDP-11\s0 Options\fR

   659 \&\fB\-mfpu  \-msoft-float  \-mac0  \-mno-ac0  \-m40  \-m45  \-m10 

   660 \&\-mbcopy  \-mbcopy-builtin  \-mint32  \-mno-int16 

   661 \&\-mint16  \-mno-int32  \-mfloat32  \-mno-float64 

   662 \&\-mfloat64  \-mno-float32  \-mabshi  \-mno-abshi 

   663 \&\-mbranch-expensive  \-mbranch-cheap 

   664 \&\-msplit  \-mno-split  \-munix-asm  \-mdec-asm\fR

   665 .Sp

   666 \&\fIXstormy16 Options\fR

   667 \&\fB\-msim\fR

   668 .Sp

   669 \&\fIXtensa Options\fR

   670 \&\fB\-mconst16 \-mno-const16 

   671 \&\-mfused-madd  \-mno-fused-madd 

   672 \&\-mtext-section-literals  \-mno-text-section-literals 

   673 \&\-mtarget-align  \-mno-target-align 

   674 \&\-mlongcalls  \-mno-longcalls\fR

   675 .Sp

   676 \&\fI\s-1FRV\s0 Options\fR

   677 \&\fB\-mgpr-32  \-mgpr-64  \-mfpr-32  \-mfpr-64 

   678 \&\-mhard-float  \-msoft-float 

   679 \&\-malloc-cc  \-mfixed-cc  \-mdword  \-mno-dword 

   680 \&\-mdouble  \-mno-double 

   681 \&\-mmedia  \-mno-media  \-mmuladd  \-mno-muladd 

   682 \&\-mlibrary-pic  \-macc-4 \-macc-8 

   683 \&\-mpack  \-mno-pack  \-mno-eflags  \-mcond-move  \-mno-cond-move 

   684 \&\-mscc  \-mno-scc  \-mcond-exec  \-mno-cond-exec 

   685 \&\-mvliw-branch  \-mno-vliw-branch 

   686 \&\-mmulti-cond-exec  \-mno-multi-cond-exec  \-mnested-cond-exec 

   687 \&\-mno-nested-cond-exec  \-mtomcat-stats 

   688 \&\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR

   689 .Ip "\fICode Generation Options\fR" 4

   690 .IX Item "Code Generation Options"

   691 \&\fB\-fcall-saved-\fR\fIreg\fR  \fB\-fcall-used-\fR\fIreg\fR 

   692 \&\fB\-ffixed-\fR\fIreg\fR  \fB\-fexceptions 

   693 \&\-fnon-call-exceptions  \-funwind-tables 

   694 \&\-fasynchronous-unwind-tables 

   695 \&\-finhibit-size-directive  \-finstrument-functions 

   696 \&\-fno-common  \-fno-ident 

   697 \&\-fpcc-struct-return  \-fpic  \-fPIC \-fpie \-fPIE 

   698 \&\-freg-struct-return  \-fshared-data  \-fshort-enums 

   699 \&\-fshort-double  \-fshort-wchar 

   700 \&\-fverbose-asm  \-fpack-struct  \-fstack-check 

   701 \&\-fstack-limit-register=\fR\fIreg\fR  \fB\-fstack-limit-symbol=\fR\fIsym\fR 

   702 \&\fB\-fargument-alias  \-fargument-noalias 

   703 \&\-fargument-noalias-global  \-fleading-underscore 

   704 \&\-ftls-model=\fR\fImodel\fR 

   705 \&\fB\-ftrapv  \-fwrapv  \-fbounds-check\fR

   706 .Sh "Options Controlling the Kind of Output"

   707 .IX Subsection "Options Controlling the Kind of Output"

   708 Compilation can involve up to four stages: preprocessing, compilation

   709 proper, assembly and linking, always in that order.  \s-1GCC\s0 is capable of

   710 preprocessing and compiling several files either into several

   711 assembler input files, or into one assembler input file; then each

   712 assembler input file produces an object file, and linking combines all

   713 the object files (those newly compiled, and those specified as input)

   714 into an executable file.

   715 .PP

   716 For any given input file, the file name suffix determines what kind of

   717 compilation is done:

   718 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.c\fR" 4

   719 .IX Item "file.c"

   720 C source code which must be preprocessed.

   721 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.i\fR" 4

   722 .IX Item "file.i"

   723 C source code which should not be preprocessed.

   724 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.ii\fR" 4

   725 .IX Item "file.ii"

   726 \&\*(C+ source code which should not be preprocessed.

   727 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.m\fR" 4

   728 .IX Item "file.m"

   729 Objective-C source code.  Note that you must link with the library

   730 \&\fIlibobjc.a\fR to make an Objective-C program work.

   731 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.mi\fR" 4

   732 .IX Item "file.mi"

   733 Objective-C source code which should not be preprocessed.

   734 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.h\fR" 4

   735 .IX Item "file.h"

   736 C or \*(C+ header file to be turned into a precompiled header.

   737 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.cc\fR" 4

   738 .IX Item "file.cc"

   739 .PD 0

   740 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.cp\fR" 4

   741 .IX Item "file.cp"

   742 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.cxx\fR" 4

   743 .IX Item "file.cxx"

   744 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.cpp\fR" 4

   745 .IX Item "file.cpp"

   746 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.CPP\fR" 4

   747 .IX Item "file.CPP"

   748 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.c++\fR" 4

   749 .IX Item "file.c++"

   750 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.C\fR" 4

   751 .IX Item "file.C"

   752 .PD

   753 \&\*(C+ source code which must be preprocessed.  Note that in \fB.cxx\fR,

   754 the last two letters must both be literally \fBx\fR.  Likewise,

   755 \&\fB.C\fR refers to a literal capital C.

   756 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.hh\fR" 4

   757 .IX Item "file.hh"

   758 .PD 0

   759 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.H\fR" 4

   760 .IX Item "file.H"

   761 .PD

   762 \&\*(C+ header file to be turned into a precompiled header.

   763 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.f\fR" 4

   764 .IX Item "file.f"

   765 .PD 0

   766 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.for\fR" 4

   767 .IX Item "file.for"

   768 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.FOR\fR" 4

   769 .IX Item "file.FOR"

   770 .PD

   771 Fortran source code which should not be preprocessed.

   772 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.F\fR" 4

   773 .IX Item "file.F"

   774 .PD 0

   775 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.fpp\fR" 4

   776 .IX Item "file.fpp"

   777 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.FPP\fR" 4

   778 .IX Item "file.FPP"

   779 .PD

   780 Fortran source code which must be preprocessed (with the traditional

   781 preprocessor).

   782 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.r\fR" 4

   783 .IX Item "file.r"

   784 Fortran source code which must be preprocessed with a \s-1RATFOR\s0

   785 preprocessor (not included with \s-1GCC\s0).

   786 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.ads\fR" 4

   787 .IX Item "file.ads"

   788 Ada source code file which contains a library unit declaration (a

   789 declaration of a package, subprogram, or generic, or a generic

   790 instantiation), or a library unit renaming declaration (a package,

   791 generic, or subprogram renaming declaration).  Such files are also

   792 called \fIspecs\fR.

   793 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.adb\fR" 4

   794 .IX Item "file.adb"

   795 Ada source code file containing a library unit body (a subprogram or

   796 package body).  Such files are also called \fIbodies\fR.

   797 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.s\fR" 4

   798 .IX Item "file.s"

   799 Assembler code.

   800 .Ip "\fIfile\fR\fB.S\fR" 4

   801 .IX Item "file.S"

   802 Assembler code which must be preprocessed.

   803 .Ip "\fIother\fR" 4

   804 .IX Item "other"

   805 An object file to be fed straight into linking.

   806 Any file name with no recognized suffix is treated this way.

   807 .PP

   808 You can specify the input language explicitly with the \fB\-x\fR option:

   809 .Ip "\fB\-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR" 4

   810 .IX Item "-x language"

   811 Specify explicitly the \fIlanguage\fR for the following input files

   812 (rather than letting the compiler choose a default based on the file

   813 name suffix).  This option applies to all following input files until

   814 the next \fB\-x\fR option.  Possible values for \fIlanguage\fR are:

   815 .Sp

   816 .Vb 8

   817 \&        c  c-header  cpp-output

   818 \&        c++  c++-header  c++-cpp-output

   819 \&        objective-c  objective-c-header  objc-cpp-output

   820 \&        assembler  assembler-with-cpp

   821 \&        ada

   822 \&        f77  f77-cpp-input  ratfor

   823 \&        java

   824 \&        treelang

   825 .Ve

   826 .Ip "\fB\-x none\fR" 4

   827 .IX Item "-x none"

   828 Turn off any specification of a language, so that subsequent files are

   829 handled according to their file name suffixes (as they are if \fB\-x\fR

   830 has not been used at all).

   831 .Ip "\fB\-pass-exit-codes\fR" 4

   832 .IX Item "-pass-exit-codes"

   833 Normally the \fBgcc\fR program will exit with the code of 1 if any

   834 phase of the compiler returns a non-success return code.  If you specify

   835 \&\fB\-pass-exit-codes\fR, the \fBgcc\fR program will instead return with

   836 numerically highest error produced by any phase that returned an error

   837 indication.

   838 .PP

   839 If you only want some of the stages of compilation, you can use

   840 \&\fB\-x\fR (or filename suffixes) to tell \fBgcc\fR where to start, and

   841 one of the options \fB\-c\fR, \fB\-S\fR, or \fB\-E\fR to say where

   842 \&\fBgcc\fR is to stop.  Note that some combinations (for example,

   843 \&\fB\-x cpp-output \-E\fR) instruct \fBgcc\fR to do nothing at all.

   844 .Ip "\fB\-c\fR" 4

   845 .IX Item "-c"

   846 Compile or assemble the source files, but do not link.  The linking

   847 stage simply is not done.  The ultimate output is in the form of an

   848 object file for each source file.

   849 .Sp

   850 By default, the object file name for a source file is made by replacing

   851 the suffix \fB.c\fR, \fB.i\fR, \fB.s\fR, etc., with \fB.o\fR.

   852 .Sp

   853 Unrecognized input files, not requiring compilation or assembly, are

   854 ignored.

   855 .Ip "\fB\-S\fR" 4

   856 .IX Item "-S"

   857 Stop after the stage of compilation proper; do not assemble.  The output

   858 is in the form of an assembler code file for each non-assembler input

   859 file specified.

   860 .Sp

   861 By default, the assembler file name for a source file is made by

   862 replacing the suffix \fB.c\fR, \fB.i\fR, etc., with \fB.s\fR.

   863 .Sp

   864 Input files that don't require compilation are ignored.

   865 .Ip "\fB\-E\fR" 4

   866 .IX Item "-E"

   867 Stop after the preprocessing stage; do not run the compiler proper.  The

   868 output is in the form of preprocessed source code, which is sent to the

   869 standard output.

   870 .Sp

   871 Input files which don't require preprocessing are ignored.

   872 .Ip "\fB\-o\fR \fIfile\fR" 4

   873 .IX Item "-o file"

   874 Place output in file \fIfile\fR.  This applies regardless to whatever

   875 sort of output is being produced, whether it be an executable file,

   876 an object file, an assembler file or preprocessed C code.

   877 .Sp

   878 If you specify \fB\-o\fR when compiling more than one input file, or

   879 you are producing an executable file as output, all the source files

   880 on the command line will be compiled at once.

   881 .Sp

   882 If \fB\-o\fR is not specified, the default is to put an executable file

   883 in \fIa.out\fR, the object file for \fI\fIsource\fI.\fIsuffix\fI\fR in

   884 \&\fI\fIsource\fI.o\fR, its assembler file in \fI\fIsource\fI.s\fR, and

   885 all preprocessed C source on standard output.

   886 .Ip "\fB\-v\fR" 4

   887 .IX Item "-v"

   888 Print (on standard error output) the commands executed to run the stages

   889 of compilation.  Also print the version number of the compiler driver

   890 program and of the preprocessor and the compiler proper.

   891 .Ip "\fB\-###\fR" 4

   892 .IX Item "-###"

   893 Like \fB\-v\fR except the commands are not executed and all command

   894 arguments are quoted.  This is useful for shell scripts to capture the

   895 driver-generated command lines.

   896 .Ip "\fB\-pipe\fR" 4

   897 .IX Item "-pipe"

   898 Use pipes rather than temporary files for communication between the

   899 various stages of compilation.  This fails to work on some systems where

   900 the assembler is unable to read from a pipe; but the \s-1GNU\s0 assembler has

   901 no trouble.

   902 .Ip "\fB\*(--help\fR" 4

   903 .IX Item "help"

   904 Print (on the standard output) a description of the command line options

   905 understood by \fBgcc\fR.  If the \fB\-v\fR option is also specified

   906 then \fB\*(--help\fR will also be passed on to the various processes

   907 invoked by \fBgcc\fR, so that they can display the command line options

   908 they accept.  If the \fB\-Wextra\fR option is also specified then command

   909 line options which have no documentation associated with them will also

   910 be displayed.

   911 .Ip "\fB\*(--target-help\fR" 4

   912 .IX Item "target-help"

   913 Print (on the standard output) a description of target specific command

   914 line options for each tool.

   915 .Ip "\fB\*(--version\fR" 4

   916 .IX Item "version"

   917 Display the version number and copyrights of the invoked \s-1GCC\s0.

   918 .Sh "Compiling \*(C+ Programs"

   919 .IX Subsection "Compiling  Programs"

   920 \&\*(C+ source files conventionally use one of the suffixes \fB.C\fR,

   921 \&\fB.cc\fR, \fB.cpp\fR, \fB.CPP\fR, \fB.c++\fR, \fB.cp\fR, or

   922 \&\fB.cxx\fR; \*(C+ header files often use \fB.hh\fR or \fB.H\fR; and

   923 preprocessed \*(C+ files use the suffix \fB.ii\fR.  \s-1GCC\s0 recognizes

   924 files with these names and compiles them as \*(C+ programs even if you

   925 call the compiler the same way as for compiling C programs (usually

   926 with the name \fBgcc\fR).

   927 .PP

   928 However, \*(C+ programs often require class libraries as well as a

   929 compiler that understands the \*(C+ language\-\-\-and under some

   930 circumstances, you might want to compile programs or header files from

   931 standard input, or otherwise without a suffix that flags them as \*(C+

   932 programs.  You might also like to precompile a C header file with a

   933 \&\fB.h\fR extension to be used in \*(C+ compilations.  \fBg++\fR is a

   934 program that calls \s-1GCC\s0 with the default language set to \*(C+, and

   935 automatically specifies linking against the \*(C+ library.  On many

   936 systems, \fBg++\fR is also installed with the name \fBc++\fR.

   937 .PP

   938 When you compile \*(C+ programs, you may specify many of the same

   939 command-line options that you use for compiling programs in any

   940 language; or command-line options meaningful for C and related

   941 languages; or options that are meaningful only for \*(C+ programs.

   942 .Sh "Options Controlling C Dialect"

   943 .IX Subsection "Options Controlling C Dialect"

   944 The following options control the dialect of C (or languages derived

   945 from C, such as \*(C+ and Objective-C) that the compiler accepts:

   946 .Ip "\fB\-ansi\fR" 4

   947 .IX Item "-ansi"

   948 In C mode, support all \s-1ISO\s0 C90 programs.  In \*(C+ mode,

   949 remove \s-1GNU\s0 extensions that conflict with \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+.

   950 .Sp

   951 This turns off certain features of \s-1GCC\s0 that are incompatible with \s-1ISO\s0

   952 C90 (when compiling C code), or of standard \*(C+ (when compiling \*(C+ code),

   953 such as the \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keywords, and

   954 predefined macros such as \f(CW\*(C`unix\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`vax\*(C'\fR that identify the

   955 type of system you are using.  It also enables the undesirable and

   956 rarely used \s-1ISO\s0 trigraph feature.  For the C compiler,

   957 it disables recognition of \*(C+ style \fB//\fR comments as well as

   958 the \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR keyword.

   959 .Sp

   960 The alternate keywords \f(CW\*(C`_\|_asm_\|_\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_extension_\|_\*(C'\fR,

   961 \&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_inline_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_typeof_\|_\*(C'\fR continue to work despite

   962 \&\fB\-ansi\fR.  You would not want to use them in an \s-1ISO\s0 C program, of

   963 course, but it is useful to put them in header files that might be included

   964 in compilations done with \fB\-ansi\fR.  Alternate predefined macros

   965 such as \f(CW\*(C`_\|_unix_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_vax_\|_\*(C'\fR are also available, with or

   966 without \fB\-ansi\fR.

   967 .Sp

   968 The \fB\-ansi\fR option does not cause non-ISO programs to be

   969 rejected gratuitously.  For that, \fB\-pedantic\fR is required in

   970 addition to \fB\-ansi\fR.  

   971 .Sp

   972 The macro \f(CW\*(C`_\|_STRICT_ANSI_\|_\*(C'\fR is predefined when the \fB\-ansi\fR

   973 option is used.  Some header files may notice this macro and refrain

   974 from declaring certain functions or defining certain macros that the

   975 \&\s-1ISO\s0 standard doesn't call for; this is to avoid interfering with any

   976 programs that might use these names for other things.

   977 .Sp

   978 Functions which would normally be built in but do not have semantics

   979 defined by \s-1ISO\s0 C (such as \f(CW\*(C`alloca\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ffs\*(C'\fR) are not built-in

   980 functions with \fB\-ansi\fR is used.  

   981 .Ip "\fB\-std=\fR" 4

   982 .IX Item "-std="

   983 Determine the language standard.  This option is currently only

   984 supported when compiling C or \*(C+.  A value for this option must be

   985 provided; possible values are

   986 .RS 4

   987 .Ip "\fBc89\fR" 4

   988 .IX Item "c89"

   989 .PD 0

   990 .Ip "\fBiso9899:1990\fR" 4

   991 .IX Item "iso9899:1990"

   992 .PD

   993 \&\s-1ISO\s0 C90 (same as \fB\-ansi\fR).

   994 .Ip "\fBiso9899:199409\fR" 4

   995 .IX Item "iso9899:199409"

   996 \&\s-1ISO\s0 C90 as modified in amendment 1.

   997 .Ip "\fBc99\fR" 4

   998 .IX Item "c99"

   999 .PD 0

  1000 .Ip "\fBc9x\fR" 4

  1001 .IX Item "c9x"

  1002 .Ip "\fBiso9899:1999\fR" 4

  1003 .IX Item "iso9899:1999"

  1004 .Ip "\fBiso9899:199x\fR" 4

  1005 .IX Item "iso9899:199x"

  1006 .PD

  1007 \&\s-1ISO\s0 C99.  Note that this standard is not yet fully supported; see

  1008 <\fBhttp://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-3.4/c99status.html\fR> for more information.  The

  1009 names \fBc9x\fR and \fBiso9899:199x\fR are deprecated.

  1010 .Ip "\fBgnu89\fR" 4

  1011 .IX Item "gnu89"

  1012 Default, \s-1ISO\s0 C90 plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions (including some C99 features).

  1013 .Ip "\fBgnu99\fR" 4

  1014 .IX Item "gnu99"

  1015 .PD 0

  1016 .Ip "\fBgnu9x\fR" 4

  1017 .IX Item "gnu9x"

  1018 .PD

  1019 \&\s-1ISO\s0 C99 plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions.  When \s-1ISO\s0 C99 is fully implemented in \s-1GCC\s0,

  1020 this will become the default.  The name \fBgnu9x\fR is deprecated.

  1021 .Ip "\fBc++98\fR" 4

  1022 .IX Item "c++98"

  1023 The 1998 \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ standard plus amendments.

  1024 .Ip "\fBgnu++98\fR" 4

  1025 .IX Item "gnu++98"

  1026 The same as \fB\-std=c++98\fR plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions.  This is the

  1027 default for \*(C+ code.

  1028 .RE

  1029 .RS 4

  1030 .Sp

  1031 Even when this option is not specified, you can still use some of the

  1032 features of newer standards in so far as they do not conflict with

  1033 previous C standards.  For example, you may use \f(CW\*(C`_\|_restrict_\|_\*(C'\fR even

  1034 when \fB\-std=c99\fR is not specified.

  1035 .Sp

  1036 The \fB\-std\fR options specifying some version of \s-1ISO\s0 C have the same

  1037 effects as \fB\-ansi\fR, except that features that were not in \s-1ISO\s0 C90

  1038 but are in the specified version (for example, \fB//\fR comments and

  1039 the \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR keyword in \s-1ISO\s0 C99) are not disabled.

  1040 .RE

  1041 .Ip "\fB\-aux-info\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4

  1042 .IX Item "-aux-info filename"

  1043 Output to the given filename prototyped declarations for all functions

  1044 declared and/or defined in a translation unit, including those in header

  1045 files.  This option is silently ignored in any language other than C.

  1046 .Sp

  1047 Besides declarations, the file indicates, in comments, the origin of

  1048 each declaration (source file and line), whether the declaration was

  1049 implicit, prototyped or unprototyped (\fBI\fR, \fBN\fR for new or

  1050 \&\fBO\fR for old, respectively, in the first character after the line

  1051 number and the colon), and whether it came from a declaration or a

  1052 definition (\fBC\fR or \fBF\fR, respectively, in the following

  1053 character).  In the case of function definitions, a K&R-style list of

  1054 arguments followed by their declarations is also provided, inside

  1055 comments, after the declaration.

  1056 .Ip "\fB\-fno-asm\fR" 4

  1057 .IX Item "-fno-asm"

  1058 Do not recognize \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR as a

  1059 keyword, so that code can use these words as identifiers.  You can use

  1060 the keywords \f(CW\*(C`_\|_asm_\|_\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_inline_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_typeof_\|_\*(C'\fR

  1061 instead.  \fB\-ansi\fR implies \fB\-fno-asm\fR.

  1062 .Sp

  1063 In \*(C+, this switch only affects the \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keyword, since

  1064 \&\f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR are standard keywords.  You may want to

  1065 use the \fB\-fno-gnu-keywords\fR flag instead, which has the same

  1066 effect.  In C99 mode (\fB\-std=c99\fR or \fB\-std=gnu99\fR), this

  1067 switch only affects the \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keywords, since

  1068 \&\f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR is a standard keyword in \s-1ISO\s0 C99.

  1069 .Ip "\fB\-fno-builtin\fR" 4

  1070 .IX Item "-fno-builtin"

  1071 .PD 0

  1072 .Ip "\fB\-fno-builtin-\fR\fIfunction\fR" 4

  1073 .IX Item "-fno-builtin-function"

  1074 .PD

  1075 Don't recognize built-in functions that do not begin with

  1076 \&\fB_\|_builtin_\fR as prefix.  

  1077 .Sp

  1078 \&\s-1GCC\s0 normally generates special code to handle certain built-in functions

  1079 more efficiently; for instance, calls to \f(CW\*(C`alloca\*(C'\fR may become single

  1080 instructions that adjust the stack directly, and calls to \f(CW\*(C`memcpy\*(C'\fR

  1081 may become inline copy loops.  The resulting code is often both smaller

  1082 and faster, but since the function calls no longer appear as such, you

  1083 cannot set a breakpoint on those calls, nor can you change the behavior

  1084 of the functions by linking with a different library.

  1085 .Sp

  1086 With the \fB\-fno-builtin-\fR\fIfunction\fR option

  1087 only the built-in function \fIfunction\fR is

  1088 disabled.  \fIfunction\fR must not begin with \fB_\|_builtin_\fR.  If a

  1089 function is named this is not built-in in this version of \s-1GCC\s0, this

  1090 option is ignored.  There is no corresponding

  1091 \&\fB\-fbuiltin-\fR\fIfunction\fR option; if you wish to enable

  1092 built-in functions selectively when using \fB\-fno-builtin\fR or

  1093 \&\fB\-ffreestanding\fR, you may define macros such as:

  1094 .Sp

  1095 .Vb 2

  1096 \&        #define abs(n)          __builtin_abs ((n))

  1097 \&        #define strcpy(d, s)    __builtin_strcpy ((d), (s))

  1098 .Ve

  1099 .Ip "\fB\-fhosted\fR" 4

  1100 .IX Item "-fhosted"

  1101 Assert that compilation takes place in a hosted environment.  This implies

  1102 \&\fB\-fbuiltin\fR.  A hosted environment is one in which the

  1103 entire standard library is available, and in which \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR has a return

  1104 type of \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR.  Examples are nearly everything except a kernel.

  1105 This is equivalent to \fB\-fno-freestanding\fR.

  1106 .Ip "\fB\-ffreestanding\fR" 4

  1107 .IX Item "-ffreestanding"

  1108 Assert that compilation takes place in a freestanding environment.  This

  1109 implies \fB\-fno-builtin\fR.  A freestanding environment

  1110 is one in which the standard library may not exist, and program startup may

  1111 not necessarily be at \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR.  The most obvious example is an \s-1OS\s0 kernel.

  1112 This is equivalent to \fB\-fno-hosted\fR.

  1113 .Ip "\fB\-fms-extensions\fR" 4

  1114 .IX Item "-fms-extensions"

  1115 Accept some non-standard constructs used in Microsoft header files.

  1116 .Ip "\fB\-trigraphs\fR" 4

  1117 .IX Item "-trigraphs"

  1118 Support \s-1ISO\s0 C trigraphs.  The \fB\-ansi\fR option (and \fB\-std\fR

  1119 options for strict \s-1ISO\s0 C conformance) implies \fB\-trigraphs\fR.

  1120 .Ip "\fB\-no-integrated-cpp\fR" 4

  1121 .IX Item "-no-integrated-cpp"

  1122 Performs a compilation in two passes: preprocessing and compiling.  This

  1123 option allows a user supplied \*(L"cc1\*(R", \*(L"cc1plus\*(R", or \*(L"cc1obj\*(R" via the

  1124 \&\fB\-B\fR option. The user supplied compilation step can then add in

  1125 an additional preprocessing step after normal preprocessing but before

  1126 compiling. The default is to use the integrated cpp (internal cpp)

  1127 .Sp

  1128 The semantics of this option will change if \*(L"cc1\*(R", \*(L"cc1plus\*(R", and

  1129 \&\*(L"cc1obj\*(R" are merged.

  1130 .Ip "\fB\-traditional\fR" 4

  1131 .IX Item "-traditional"

  1132 .PD 0

  1133 .Ip "\fB\-traditional-cpp\fR" 4

  1134 .IX Item "-traditional-cpp"

  1135 .PD